Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacteria depend upon iron as a vital cofactor that enables a wide range of key metabolic activities. Bacteria must therefore ensure a balanced supply of this essential metal. To do so, they invest considerable resourse into its acquisition and employ elaborate control mechanisms to eleviate both iron-induced toxitiy as well as iron deficiency. This chapter describes the processes that bacteria engage in maintaining iron homeostasis. The focus is Escherichia coli, as this bacterium provides a well studied example. A summary of the current status of understanding of iron management at the 'omics' level is also presented.
Met Ions Life Sci 2013
PMID:Control of iron metabolism in bacteria. 2359 74

Copper is an element that is both essential and toxic. It is a required micronutrient for energy production in aerobic eukaryotes, from unicellular yeast to plants and mammals. Copper is also required for the acquisition and systemic distribution of the essential metal iron, and so copper deficiency results in iron deficiency. Copper enzymes have been identified that explain the wide variety of symptoms suffered by copper deficient subjects. The cloning of the genes encoding transport proteins responsible for copper-related Menkes and Wilson diseases inspired and coincided with the discovery of copper chaperones that stimulated the copper homeostasis field. Copper continues to be implicated in new array of proteins, notably those involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we will describe the cadre of important historical copper proteins and survey the major metallochaperones and transporters responsible for mobilization and sequestration of copper in yeast, mammals and plants.
Met Ions Life Sci 2013
PMID:The copper metallome in eukaryotic cells. 2359 80

A dynamic interplay between the host and pathogen determines the course and outcome of infections. A central venue of this interplay is the struggle for iron, a micronutrient essential to both the mammalian host and virtually all microbes. The induction of the ironregulatory hormone hepcidin is an integral part of the acute phase response. Hepcidin switches off cellular iron export via ferroportin-1 and sequesters the metal mainly within macrophages, which limits the transfer of iron to the serum to restrict its availability for extracellular microbes. When intracellular microbes are present within macrophages though, the opposite regulation is initiated because infected cells respond with increased ferroportin-1 expression and enhanced iron export as a strategy of iron withdrawal from engulfed bacteria. Given these opposing regulations, it is not surprising that disturbances of mammalian iron homeostasis, be they attributable to genetic alterations, hematologic conditions, dietary iron deficiency or unconsidered iron supplementation, may affect the risk and course of infections. Therefore, acute, chronic or latent infections need to be adequately controlled by antimicrobial therapy before iron is administered to correct deficiency. Iron deficiency per se may negatively affect growth and development of children as well as cardiovascular performance and quality of life of patients. Of note, mild iron deficiency in regions with a high endemic burden of infections is associated with a reduced prevalence and a milder course of certain infections which may be traced back to effects of iron on innate and adaptive immune function as well as to restriction of iron for pathogens. Finally, absolute and functional causes of iron deficiency need to be differentiated, because in the latter form, oral iron supplementation is inefficient and intravenous application may adversely affect the course of the underlying disease such as a chronic infection. This chapter summarizes our current knowledge on the regulation of iron metabolism and the interactions between iron and the immune response against microbes. Moreover, some of the unanswered questions on the association of iron administration and infections are addressed.
Met Ions Life Sci 2019 Jan 14
PMID:Infections Associated with Iron Administration. 3085 6

Iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder worldwide. Peptides derived from protein hydrolysates have recently attracted interest as novel iron chelators due to their superiority in terms of increasing solubility, bioavailability, absorption and stability. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify iron-chelating peptides from casein hydrolysates. Casein was hydrolyzed (trypsin, 3 h) and subsequently isolated using ultrafiltration and RP-HPLC. Four iron-chelating casein hydrolysate peptides, named CHP-1, CHP-2, CHP-3 and CHP-4, were identified by LC-MS/MS, and their amino acid sequences were Glu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ser-Glu-Arg (EDVPSER), His-Lys-Glu-Met-Pro-Phe-Pro-Lys (HKEMPFPK), Asn-Met-Ala-Ile-Asn-Pro-Ser-Lys (NMAINPSK) and Ala-Val-Pro-Tyr-Pro-Gln-Arg (AVPYPQR), with molecular weights of 830.6120 Da, 1012.5280 Da, 873.4440 Da and 829.4570 Da, respectively. The artificially synthesized peptides of CHP-1, CHP-2, CHP-3 and CHP-4 were verified, and their iron-chelating rates were 11.14%, 8.02%, 7.57% and 59.76%, respectively. These results suggested that the isolated iron-chelating peptides might serve as potential iron supplements and be used as food additives and functional foods.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and identification of iron-chelating peptides from casein hydrolysates. 3099 79