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Query: UMLS:C0239182 (Watery diarrhea)
 34 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Watery diarrhoea as distinct from dysentery is occasionally seen in intestinal amoebiasis, suggesting a component of intestinal secretion. To study the pathogenesis of this watery diarrhoea, we evaluated the effect of lysates of Entamoeba histolytica on active intestinal electrolyte transport using rabbit ileum and rat colon studied by the Ussing chamber-voltage clamp technique. Amoebic lysates added to the ileal and colonic mucosal surfaces did not alter electrolyte transport; in contrast, addition to the ideal and colonic serosal surfaces caused an increase in short-circuit current which was transient in the ileum but more prolonged in the colon. This increase in current corresponded to inhibition of active Na+ and Cl- absorption and apparent stimulation of Cl- secretion in rat colon. In rabbit ileum, the short-circuit current response was: (1) dependent on serosal Ca2+, (2) inhibited by serosally applied verapamil, (3) associated with reversible desensitization, and (4) only partially inhibited by heating. These characteristics were similar to those of a series of neurohumoral substances present in mammalian intestinal mucosa which affect active electrolyte transport by increasing the permeability of the basolateral membrane to Ca2+. Substances with these properties identified include serotonin, substance P and neurotensin. All three substances were shown to be present in amoebic lysates by radioimmunoassay. Serotonin was also present by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography, and neurotensin by HPLC. Prostaglandins were not present by radioimmunoassay. Attempts were made to determine which of these neurohumoral substances contributed to the changes in intestinal transport caused by amoebic lysates. Serotonin was thought to be involved, from the inhibition of the transport effect of amoebic lysate on rat colon by anti-serotonin antibody and by bufotenine, which inhibits the effect of serotonin on ion transport. Prostaglandins also appeared to be involved, since pretreatment with PGE2 or indomethacin inhibited the effects of amoebic lysate on transport. We conclude that amoebae contain neurohumoral substances, including serotonin, neurotensin and substance P, which may be important in the intestinal secretion caused by amoebae. Serotonin appears partially responsible for the intestinal secretion. In addition, amoebae may induce prostaglandin synthesis by the intestinal mucosa which could also contribute to the secretory response. The relation between the neurohumoral substances which act by Ca2+ and the prostaglandins presumably caused to be synthesized in the intestinal mucosa is not known.
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PMID:Secretory hormones of Entamoeba histolytica. 286 Oct 68

A case of severe pseudomembranous and ulcerative colitis is described in a 58-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving sodium aurothiomalate. Watery diarrhea occurred after the fourth injection (total amount 130 mg). Several months elapsed prior to full recovery after discontinuation of gold administration.
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PMID:Severe pseudomembranous and ulcerative colitis during gold therapy. 640 12

We have been following a male case of congenital sodium diarrhea (CNaD), who had a distended abdomen, passed watery stools with high sodium concentration, and showed metabolic acidosis in the first week of life. He also showed hyponatremia, low urine sodium, high serum aldosterone and high renin activity. Other possible causes of secretory diarrhea were ruled out. The initial effective treatment was oral supplements of water and electrolytes lost in the fecal fluid: with this he gained weight, and hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis were corrected. Loperamide hydrochloride was administered to increase intestinal absorption of sodium, as the serum prostaglandin was high. Watery diarrhea then improved, but as he passed acholic stools, we stopped and postponed the treatment for a while; the stools then became watery again. Although diarrhea has persisted, he has not shown any abnormalities in growth or psychomotor development for the first two years of life.
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PMID:Treatment of an infant with congenital sodium diarrhea by oral rehydration. 846 May 45

Watery diarrhoea, hypokalaemia and achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome was caused by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-producing tumour. A 3-year-old Chinese girl with watery diarrhoea, abdominal distension and hypokalaemia due to a thoracic paraspinal VIP-secreting ganglioneuroma is reported. The girl coughed, fevering up to 39 degrees C after a flu-like episode. She had eight to ten abundant stools daily which is not improved by dietary treatment, resulting in an important weight loss. She weighed 6.8 kg (nl P50 at 6 months of age) and is 76 cm (nl P50 at 9 months of age) in height. Blood electrolytes showed 129 mmol/L sodium, 2.42 mmol/L potassium, 94 mmol/L chloride and 18.6 mmol/L bicarbonate; urinary catecholamines were normal. Computed tomography scan evidenced a left side paravertebral mass of 4 x 6 cm in the lower thoracic region leading to the blood determination of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide which amounted 830 pmol/L(normal < 25 pmol/L). Surgical removal showed a ganglioneuroma of 160 g and was associated with disappearance of the diarrhoea and normalization of VIP level below 20 pmol/L. Review of the 63 reported cases in children with WDHA showed that many of the cases presented with non-treatable watery diarrhoea, hypokalaemia. Achlorhydria is not necessarily part of the WDHA syndrome. The male to female ratio is 1:1.5. Ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma are the commonest tumours. Location of the tumour is variable: abdomen, chest or neck. Abdominal distension, flushing, episodic hypertension and colonic dilatation, constipation and ataxia were the other associated features. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice of VIP-producing tumours.
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PMID:Tumor with watery diarrhoea, hypokalaemia in a 3-year-old girl. 1910 28