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Query: UMLS:C0239182 (Watery diarrhea)
 34 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cryptosporidiosis in Children. During an 11-month survey, Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the stools of 20 of 142 children admitted with gastroenteritis. Five of these 20 patients also excreted other enteropathogens. The clinical findings in 18 children infected with cryptosporidia could be analyzed. All patients were immunocompetent. Watery diarrhea, vomiting and anorexia were the most frequent symptoms. Differences in the clinical findings were observed between children aged one to two years and older children. The older children remained ill for 4.1 days compared to 19.9 days in the younger children. The younger children also presented a history of recurrent diarrhea. Problems of etiology and therapy are discussed. Cryptosporidia should be considered as a cause of diarrhea in children.
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PMID:[Cryptosporidiosis in children]. 375 46

A case of severe pseudomembranous and ulcerative colitis is described in a 58-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving sodium aurothiomalate. Watery diarrhea occurred after the fourth injection (total amount 130 mg). Several months elapsed prior to full recovery after discontinuation of gold administration.
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PMID:Severe pseudomembranous and ulcerative colitis during gold therapy. 640 12

An 11 month old female infant, diagnosed as having congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and suffering from pneumonia and intractable diarrhea, was treated with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (DHPG), intravenously for 8 weeks. Watery diarrhea ceased and pneumonia associated with massive endotracheal aspirates was reduced. No leukopenia, thrombocytopenia or other side effects were observed during the therapy. The clinical findings suggest that DHPG might be an effective and safe agent for the treatment of both intestinal and lower respiratory CMV infection in young infants.
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PMID:A female infant successfully treated by ganciclovir for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. 779 58

We have been following a male case of congenital sodium diarrhea (CNaD), who had a distended abdomen, passed watery stools with high sodium concentration, and showed metabolic acidosis in the first week of life. He also showed hyponatremia, low urine sodium, high serum aldosterone and high renin activity. Other possible causes of secretory diarrhea were ruled out. The initial effective treatment was oral supplements of water and electrolytes lost in the fecal fluid: with this he gained weight, and hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis were corrected. Loperamide hydrochloride was administered to increase intestinal absorption of sodium, as the serum prostaglandin was high. Watery diarrhea then improved, but as he passed acholic stools, we stopped and postponed the treatment for a while; the stools then became watery again. Although diarrhea has persisted, he has not shown any abnormalities in growth or psychomotor development for the first two years of life.
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PMID:Treatment of an infant with congenital sodium diarrhea by oral rehydration. 846 May 45

A retrospective review of the records of 724 children under 5 years of age admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital (Papua New Guinea) in 1992-93 with diarrhea was conducted, with emphasis on risk factors for persistent diarrhea. These cases represented 84% of total under-5 diarrhea admissions during the study period. Of the 720 children for which the duration of diarrhea was recorded, 144 (20%) had persistent diarrhea lasting 14 or more days. 49% of persistent diarrhea cases involved children 12-23 months of age; the largest proportion (40%) of short-term diarrhea cases occurred in infants 0-11 months old. Watery diarrhea, vomiting, cough, and fever were the most common presenting symptoms for diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection was the most frequent cause of co-morbidity. Seasonal peaks in incidence occurred in May-July and November-January. After adjustment for dehydration-related weight loss, 42% of children with diarrhea were classified as malnourished. The case fatality rate was 4.9% for persistent diarrhea and 3.6% for non-persistent cases. In the univariate analysis, age and nutritional status were the only significant risk factors for persistent diarrhea; sex, past hospital admission, and co-morbidity were only weakly associated with persistent diarrhea. In the logistic regression analysis, only malnutrition remained a significant risk factor (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-4.0). It is speculated that malnutrition associated with weaning accounts for the high rate of persistent diarrhea among children 12-23 months of age.
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PMID:Persistent diarrhoea in children admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital. 952 67

OBJECTIVES: To observe the occurrence of different etiological agents of acute diarrhea (AD) in stool specimens of patients and children in a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 children less than three years of age with AD were studied as well as 100 controls, between November 1993 and May 1994. Stool specimens were collected in both groups and the following enteropathogens were searched for: Rotavirus, Escherichia coli (EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, EHEC), Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Cryptosporidium sp, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica. Statistical analysis using the exact Fisher test (at significance level p<0,05) was done. The mean age was 12,5 months, with more cases in patients less than 6 months (35%). Children were seen at the emergency section on an average fifth day after the start of the diarrhea. Most came from homes with basical sanitary conditions. Watery diarrhea was more frequent than bloody diarrhea with mucus, at a proportion of 4:1. RESULTS: Rotavirus was the most frequent agent: 21% in the AD group and 3% in the control group (p= 0,0001). Shigella sp was isolated in 7% of the AD group and none of the control group (p= 0,0140). EPEC was detected in 13% of AD cases and 7% in the control group (p= 0,2381) but the classical subgroups O55, O111, O119 were only isolated from the patients with AD. The other enteropathogens were infrequently detected or in equal proportion in both groups. Rotavirus and EPEC were the more frequently isolated agents in watery diarrhea, while Shigella sp was the predominant agent found in bloody stools with mucus. CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus was the most common causative agent in AD. The detection of Rotavirus and Shigella sp nearly exclusively in patients with AD confirms the high patogenicity of these etiological agents when compared to the others. Escherichia coli (EPEC) diagnosed by polyvalent sera does not confirm its respective diarrheogenic property due to isolation in the same proportion among patients with AD and controls. Monovalent antisera made possible the detection of classical subgroups of EPEC O111, O119, O55 isolated only from AD patients, confirming the already known high patogenicity of these strains.
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PMID:[Acute diarrhea in children less than 3 years of age: Enteropathogens isolated in patient's stools, compared with a control group] 1468 48

Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection is one of the more intriguing emerging infectious diseases of the industrialized world. The clinical importance of this organism first came to light in the 1980s and has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. The infection is more common in industrialized countries than developing ones and is most closely associated with asymptomatic colonization of cattle. Fecal oral transmission is the rule, with the inoculum needed for infection much smaller than that required for E. coli-related travelers' diarrhea. The organism can survive for months in the environment, and cross contamination is common. Watery diarrhea that progresses to bloody diarrhea without prominent fever is the classic presentation. The classic biopsy finding is similar to that of ischemic colitis, with acute inflammation and hemorrhage involving the superficial mucosa with preservation of the deeper crypts. E. coli O157:H7 has powerful Shigella-like toxins that are encoded by bacteriophages and can trigger thrombotic complications such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The very young and the elderly are most at risk for serious disease and complications. Treatment with antibiotics has been reported to increase the risk for complications, but the evidence supporting this conclusion is unconvincing, with many variables affecting outcome in any one patient.
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PMID:Update on Escherichia coli O157:H7. 1524 97

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important diarrheal enteropathogen defined by aggregative adherence to cultured epithelial cells. We have detected EAEC from 121 (6.6%) of 1,826 hospitalized patients admitted with diarrhea to the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kolkata, India. Watery diarrhea was recorded significantly (P = 0.0142) more often in children. The majority of the EAEC isolates were not serotypeable (62%) and showed resistance to five or more antibiotics (76%). We studied different virulence genes and the molecular epidemiology of 121 EAEC isolates recovered from diarrheal patients. A PCR assay for detection of virulence genes, an assay for determination of clump formation in liquid culture, and a HeLa cell adherence assay were carried out to characterize the EAEC isolates. Investigations were also conducted to correlate the virulence gene profiles with diarrheal symptoms and molecular epidemiology by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Two or more virulence genes were detected in 109 (90.1%) EAEC isolates. In the cluster analysis, some isolates with specific gene profiles and phenotypes formed a group or subcluster. This study highlights the comparative distributions of three fimbrial adhesins and other virulence genes among EAEC isolates. The diverse virulence gene and PFGE profiles, along with the existence of diverse serotypes and antibiograms, suggests that the EAEC isolates are genetically heterogeneous in Kolkata.
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PMID:Virulence characteristics and molecular epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized diarrheal patients in Kolkata, India. 1536 97

We describe the first case of isosporiasis in a liver transplant patient. Watery diarrhea due to Isospora belli was observed in a woman who had undergone liver transplantation 8 months prior. She was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This parasite should be taken into consideration as an opportunistic infection in transplant patients who need increased hygienic awareness.
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PMID:A rare diarrheic parasite in a liver transplant patient: Isospora belli. 1758 Feb 23

Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome caused by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) -producing tumor only rarely occurs in patients with nonpancreatic disease. A 49-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a right adrenal tumor incidentally diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound during the investigation of chronic watery diarrhea. Laboratory findings showed hypokalemia and excessive production of VIP and catecholamines. After surgical resection of the tumor, diarrhea subsided and both electrolytes and affected hormone levels normalized. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, which contained VIP-positive ganglion-like cells. We herein present the clinical and histogenetic implications of this rare clinical entity, with literature review.
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PMID:Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria syndrome due to an adrenal pheochromocytoma. 1772 24


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