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Query: UMLS:C0239182 (Watery diarrhea)
 34 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1985 to 1988, 857 children (aged between 1 day and 60 months) admitted to hospital with diarrhoea and 241 controls (aged between 5 days and 60 months) were examined for campylobacters and other enteric pathogens by means of conventional methods. The difference between the isolation rates of campylobacters in those cases in which no other enteric pathogen was found (4.8%) and controls (6.2%) was not significant (P greater than 0.05). Strains of Campylobacter jejuni/coli were isolated throughout the year with higher isolation rates during the summer and monsoon months. Mixed infections were very common. Watery diarrhoea (97.6% cases) was the most common clinical presentation of patients found to be infected solely by C. jejuni/coli. Most patients infected with campylobacters were mildly to moderately dehydrated. Biotype I of C. jejuni and C. coli was the dominant biotype associated with cases and controls. All strains of C. jejuni/coli, regardless of their source, were found to be sensitive to erythromycin. From this study, it appears that enteric infections with campylobacters among children in Calcutta are common but often asymptomatic.
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PMID:Campylobacter species as a cause of diarrhoea in children in Calcutta. 154 18

The worst flood in the history of Bangladesh affected millions of people in 1988. To determine morbidity and mortality during the flood, we investigated the causes of illness in 46,740 patients and causes of death in 154 persons while providing medical relief services in 72 flood affected upazilas (sub-districts). Diarrhoea was the most common illness (34.7%), followed by respiratory tract infections (17.4%). Watery diarrhoea was the most common type (47%) of diarrhoea and the most common cause of death for all age groups except those above 45-years of age. Respiratory disease was responsible for 13% of all reported deaths; only 7% of these were associated with acute respiratory tract infections. Accidental deaths accounted for 9.7% of the reported deaths: 5.8% of those were due to drowning, a figure twice as high as that reported previously. Our study suggests that floods have influenced the distribution of disease and death among the affected population.
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PMID:1988 floods in Bangladesh: pattern of illness and causes of death. 180 May 61

Seasonal and clinical aspects of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in 98 of the 326 children hospitalised for diarrhoea are described. Rotavirus infection was detected (30% overall) throughout the year from May 1980 to April 1981, but the prevalence was higher during the rainy season (40-50%). The age group in which rotavirus was detected most frequently was from 4 months to 2 years (34.6%). Watery diarrhoea and vomiting were significantly commoner in children with rotavirus diarrhoea (75% and 71% respectively) than those with non-rotavirus diarrhoea (54.2% and 60.8% respectively; p less than 0.05). Although about 15% of the children with rotavirus-associated diarrhoea showed blood or mucus in stools, the invasive nature of rotavirus infection cannot be drawn since the study did not include tests to detect other diarrhoeal pathogens.
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PMID:Rotavirus infection in children hospitalised with diarrhoea in Sri Lanka. 224 81

Watery diarrhea is a prominent symptom in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) and may occur as the initial symptom and/or during the course of metastatic malignant disease. Death is generally the result of widespread dissemination of the tumour. We report a case with MCT and metastatic disease manifesting with diarrhea and dying due to widespread metastatic disease.
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PMID:Diarrhea associated with metastasis from medullary carcinoma of thyroid. 259 75

Thirty-six measles cases with diarrhea were studied with two age and sex matched control groups, measles without diarrhea (75 cases) and acute diarrhea (70 cases). Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 5 out of 36 (13.9%) in measles with diarrhea but rotavirus, coronavirus and parasites were not detected in any case. The bacterial and viral etiology of measles with diarrhea were statistically significant different from the acute diarrhea group (p less than 0.005) and p less than 0.01 respectively) but not from the measles without diarrhea group (p greater than 0.05). 83.3 per cent of cases had diarrhea during 4 days before and after the appearance of rash. Watery diarrhea was frequently observed in this study (63.9%). Although measles virus was not identified in stools, data from this study suggested that measles may be the viral agent causing diarrhea. Watery stools are often observed and the presence of faecal white blood cell may be seen.
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PMID:Etiology of diarrhea in measles. 273 37

Watery diarrhoea as distinct from dysentery is occasionally seen in intestinal amoebiasis, suggesting a component of intestinal secretion. To study the pathogenesis of this watery diarrhoea, we evaluated the effect of lysates of Entamoeba histolytica on active intestinal electrolyte transport using rabbit ileum and rat colon studied by the Ussing chamber-voltage clamp technique. Amoebic lysates added to the ileal and colonic mucosal surfaces did not alter electrolyte transport; in contrast, addition to the ideal and colonic serosal surfaces caused an increase in short-circuit current which was transient in the ileum but more prolonged in the colon. This increase in current corresponded to inhibition of active Na+ and Cl- absorption and apparent stimulation of Cl- secretion in rat colon. In rabbit ileum, the short-circuit current response was: (1) dependent on serosal Ca2+, (2) inhibited by serosally applied verapamil, (3) associated with reversible desensitization, and (4) only partially inhibited by heating. These characteristics were similar to those of a series of neurohumoral substances present in mammalian intestinal mucosa which affect active electrolyte transport by increasing the permeability of the basolateral membrane to Ca2+. Substances with these properties identified include serotonin, substance P and neurotensin. All three substances were shown to be present in amoebic lysates by radioimmunoassay. Serotonin was also present by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography, and neurotensin by HPLC. Prostaglandins were not present by radioimmunoassay. Attempts were made to determine which of these neurohumoral substances contributed to the changes in intestinal transport caused by amoebic lysates. Serotonin was thought to be involved, from the inhibition of the transport effect of amoebic lysate on rat colon by anti-serotonin antibody and by bufotenine, which inhibits the effect of serotonin on ion transport. Prostaglandins also appeared to be involved, since pretreatment with PGE2 or indomethacin inhibited the effects of amoebic lysate on transport. We conclude that amoebae contain neurohumoral substances, including serotonin, neurotensin and substance P, which may be important in the intestinal secretion caused by amoebae. Serotonin appears partially responsible for the intestinal secretion. In addition, amoebae may induce prostaglandin synthesis by the intestinal mucosa which could also contribute to the secretory response. The relation between the neurohumoral substances which act by Ca2+ and the prostaglandins presumably caused to be synthesized in the intestinal mucosa is not known.
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PMID:Secretory hormones of Entamoeba histolytica. 286 Oct 68

By auramine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, cryptosporidial oocysts were found in the stools of 31 (1.36%) out of 2,367 patients with diarrhoea. All specimens were also tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and Rotavirus. Among these patients, 432 were children and 24 (5.5%) of them were positive for cryptosporidia. All children infected with cryptosporidia were immunocompetent. Watery diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain were the most frequent symptoms. The survey showed that in patients with gastroenteritis, cryptosporidial oocysts were found more commonly in the stools of children than in those of adults, and the prevalence of infection was the highest in August and September (16 cases). The epidemiological aspects and clinical significance are discussed.
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PMID:Cryptosporidial diarrhoea in children. 343 76

The histopathologic features of collagenous colitis were studied in 14 women and one man. All but one patient presented with chronic watery diarrhea: 10 had a history of thyroid disease or unspecified arthritis. All 15 patients showed characteristic thickening of the subepithelial collagen layer (SCL) in colorectal biopsy specimens, but in the distal colorectum the thickening was sometimes absent or borderline. Patchy or diffuse injury to the surface epithelium was seen in all cases and was independent of SCL thickening. The injured surface epithelium was infiltrated by lymphocytes and variably by eosinophils and neutrophils, causing it to resemble the surface epithelial injury seen in the small intestine in celiac disease. Crypts were commonly infiltrated by lymphocytes but without associated epithelial injury. The lamina propria in all patients was expanded by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Neutrophilic cryptitis was seen in seven patients but was usually sparse. Watery diarrhea abated in eight patients treated with corticosteroids or sulfasalazine and was often paralleled by restoration of surface epithelium, reduction in surface epithelial lymphocytes, diminished SCL thickening, and reduced lamina propria eosinophils. Therapy did not consistently alter other inflammatory changes. The possible role of autoimmunity in collagenous colitis should be investigated because of the following circumstantial evidence: the overwhelming female predominance; the frequent presence of possible immunologically mediated disorders such as thyroid and joint disease; the resemblance of surface epithelial changes to those in celiac disease; and the response to corticosteroids.
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PMID:Chronic colitis with thickening of the subepithelial collagen layer (collagenous colitis): histopathologic findings in 15 patients. 361 Jan 34

Cryptosporidiosis in Children. During an 11-month survey, Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the stools of 20 of 142 children admitted with gastroenteritis. Five of these 20 patients also excreted other enteropathogens. The clinical findings in 18 children infected with cryptosporidia could be analyzed. All patients were immunocompetent. Watery diarrhea, vomiting and anorexia were the most frequent symptoms. Differences in the clinical findings were observed between children aged one to two years and older children. The older children remained ill for 4.1 days compared to 19.9 days in the younger children. The younger children also presented a history of recurrent diarrhea. Problems of etiology and therapy are discussed. Cryptosporidia should be considered as a cause of diarrhea in children.
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PMID:[Cryptosporidiosis in children]. 375 46

An 11 month old female infant, diagnosed as having congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and suffering from pneumonia and intractable diarrhea, was treated with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (DHPG), intravenously for 8 weeks. Watery diarrhea ceased and pneumonia associated with massive endotracheal aspirates was reduced. No leukopenia, thrombocytopenia or other side effects were observed during the therapy. The clinical findings suggest that DHPG might be an effective and safe agent for the treatment of both intestinal and lower respiratory CMV infection in young infants.
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PMID:A female infant successfully treated by ganciclovir for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. 779 58


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