Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0235394 (wasting)
 8,040 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood vitamin (thiamin, riboflavin, vitamins B6, B12, C, A, and E, folate and beta-carotene), mineral (iron and zinc), alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels and hematocrit were assessed in 960 school-age children selected by random sampling from urban and rural regions of Turkey. Nutritional statuses of the children according to each index were compared with respect to age, sex, area and type of settlement. A biochemical deficiency was observed in 20.1% of the children for thiamin, in 89.9% for riboflavin, in 83.4% for vitamin B6, in 23.3% for folate, in 5.9% for vitamin B12, in 43.0% for vitamin C, in 11.6% for vitamin A, in 3.5% for beta-carotene, in 21.8% for vitamin E, in 6.1% for iron, and in 15.7% for zinc. Hematocrit was low in 54.3%. Alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels were found to be above normal in 54.6% and 4.9% of the children respectively. It is surmised that a major cause of the deficiencies was an ignorance of good dietary practice. Although the children were found to be relatively short according to the National Center for Health Statistics standards, their normalised weights were within acceptable limits, which suggested a prevalence of stunting but not wasting in this population.
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PMID:Blood vitamin and mineral levels in 7-17 years old Turkish children. 158 3

We studied the nutritional status of 32 patients (23 men), aged 50 (SD14) yr, on home hemodialysis (HHD) for one-138 months. No formal dietary restrictions were imposed. Anthropometric measurements were made using standard techniques, diet assessed by three-day dietetic diary and interview and plasma concentrations of nutrients were measured. Mean caloric intake was 29.4 (SD 10.7) kcal/kg; 24 (75%) patients had lower energy intakes than recommended for normals. Protein, vitamin C and folate intakes were above recommended minimum safe intakes. Intakes were less than recommended for calcium in four (13%) patients, iron in one (3%) and vitamin B12 in two (6%). One-third of both sexes had body mass indices (kg/m2) less than 25th percentile for normals, but none was less than 80% of ideal bodyweight. Arm muscle circumference was less than 10th percentile for normals in six men and three women. Triceps skin fold thickness was less than 10th percentile in four men (17%) and five women (55%). No anthropometric measurements were correlated with energy, protein or fat intake. Biochemical measurements were not useful in predicting protein intake. Neither nutritional intake nor anthropometric measurements were correlated with the duration of HHD. There was little evidence of malnutrition and wasting in this group of well rehabilitated HHD patients.
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PMID:Nutritional status of home hemodialysis patients. 278 85

HLA associations with 21-OH deficiency were studied on respectively 109 and 60 congenital and late onset French index cases. Significant negative associations were found with antigens B8: congenital forms; B5, DR3: late onset. Significant positive associations were observed with A3, Bw47 (A3 Cw6 Bw47 DR7): congenital forms; B40: salt-wasting form; B5: simple virilizing form; Aw33, B14, DR1, DR2, DRw6 (Aw33 B14 DR1): late onset form. Among late onset patients not bearing B14 antigens significant positive associations were observed with B12 and B35.
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PMID:[HLA antigens and different clinical forms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the French population]. 353 97

1. The effects of haemorrhage on vitamin B12 (cobalamin) homoeostasis have been studied in rats with and without prior administration of 57Co-labelled cyanocobalamin. 2. Arteriovenous differences in radioactivity and endogenous B12 were measured across the thigh extensor muscles. Radioactivity and endogenous B12 were also measured in skeletal muscle, liver and kidney. 3. Haemorrhage induced a marked rise in circulating B12 with a concomitant loss of the vitamin from skeletal muscle and liver, but in kidney there was a net gain. Restoration of the blood volume with autologous plasma did not prevent release of B12 from tissues. 4. The results suggest that vitamin B12 reserves may be seriously depleted by the wasting of skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Vitamin B12 homoeostasis after haemorrhage in the rat: the importance of skeletal muscle. 369 Sep 74

Diarrhea and malabsorption are common findings in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The pathogenesis and consequences of malabsorption in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are similar to those found in non-HIV-related conditions, and are related to both direct intestinal damage and alterations in the coordination of the body's response to feeding. The pathogenesis of malabsorption is multifactorial and includes primary enterocyte injury with partial villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, ileal dysfunction with bile salt wasting and fat malabsorption, and exudative enteropathy. Clinical studies show that intestinal cryptosporidiosis leads to excess fecal losses of about 20% for protein and fat. The consequences of malabsorption include decreased appetite; "enterogastrone" effects including dry mouth, decreased gastric acid secretion, decreased rate of gastric emptying, and slowed intestinal transit; anemia resulting from iron, folate, or vitamin B12 malabsorption; and metabolic effects including osteomalacia, gallstones, renal stones, and hypocholesterolemia. Few studies of nutritional therapy have been applied specifically to AIDS patients with malabsorption. Total parenteral nutrition promotes weight gain, although the response to this therapy depends on the underlying clinical problem, with body cell mass repletion noted in patients with malabsorption but predominantly fat gain in patients with systemic infections. Nutritional stabilization also was noted in response to oral administration of a semielemental diet.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-related wasting: malabsorption syndromes. 962 87

From early 1999 onwards, cattle health problems accompanied by chronic wasting of unknown aetiology were reported on a number of dairy farms. An association between these health problems and the compulsory use of gE-negative marker vaccines against bovine herpesvirus 1 was presumed by farmers. On one dairy farm an increased milk production of 50% was reported within a few days after parenteral vitamin B12 treatment. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the effect of parenteral vitamin B12 treatment on the milk production of dairy herds with wasting cattle. A randomized blind trial was performed in five problem herds and two control herds. On each farm five lactating cows were injected intramuscularly with 20 mg vitamin B12 and paired with five untreated lactating cows. The milk production of treated and untreated animals was measured for 19 days following treatment and compared to pre-treatment production. No effect of vitamin B12 treatment on milk production was established on either problem farms or control farms. Neither was a difference detected in the response to vitamin B12 treatment between problem herds and control herds. In a second experiment, parenteral vitamin B12 treatment was applied in three problem herds by local veterinary practitioners. The results of this experiment were in line with the results of the first experiment.
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PMID:[Vitamin B12 supplementation and milk production on farms with 'chronic wasting' cattle]. 1128 43

Various vitamins and minerals play roles in HIV infection. There is evidence that a number of HIV+ patients suffer from deficiencies in vitamins B12, B6, A, and D; folate, zinc and selenium; and carotenoids such as beta-carotene, betacryptoxanthin, and lutein. Vitamin B12 deficiency can result in peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, cognitive dysfunction and anemia. Lowered levels of vitamins B6 and A can lead to impaired immune function and, in the latter, an increased rate of perinatal transmission. Low levels of vitamin D have been linked to weight loss and wasting. Folate deficiencies are related to anemia, and low levels of zinc and/or selenium have been linked to impaired immune function. Information on the carotenoids, which have been found to be associated with cellular immune function, is mostly derived from recent research. Studies have shown that the levels of carotenoids are decreased in HIV+ people even in the early stages of infection, but the greatest deficiencies appeared in patients with the most advanced disease. Other clinical trials seem to indicate that administration of beta-carotene improves immune function, causing an increase in CD4 counts over baseline levels. Clinical trials conducted in response to all of these deficiencies have found multivitamin supplementation to be beneficial. Therefore, it is recommended that all HIV-infected patients receive a multivitamin supplement to assist in reversing the damage caused by these vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
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PMID:Update on vitamins, minerals, and the carotenoids. 1136 98

The nutritional abnormalities resulting from HIV/AIDS are discussed, including the consequences of wasting and its profound effects on patient quality of life. Deficits of vitamins A, E, B6 and B12, and riboflavin, zinc, and copper have been found in asymptomatic HIV-positive persons. The nutrient abnormalities may be linked to HIV disease progression. The cyclic process of contracting infections, requiring increased nutrients, is discussed. How the body suffering from HIV/AIDS-related wasting reacts to daily protein loss is examined, focusing on nitrogen depletion and increased lipogenesis.
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PMID:Nutritional abnormalities in HIV/AIDS. 1136 62

A wasting, debilitating disease with uncertain aetiology affecting moose (Alces alces americana) in Eastern North America has been reported repeatedly ever since the 1910s. Despite the intensive studies during 1930-1960s the cause of the sickness could not be established. In the 1960s a parasitic nematode (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) was reported as constituting a probable explanation for the sickness, although several clinical and pathological signs remained unexplained. In Sweden, a moose disease with similar signs, has been shown to be caused by molybdenosis resulting from a nutritional imbalance. The findings of this investigation were applied in Nova Scotia to determine trace element concentrations in tissues from indigenous moose. Co deficiency was found in about half of the cases and the investigation was complemented by determining the vitamin B12 level, which proved nutritional Co/vitamin B12 deficiency, further verified by an increased MMA (methylmalonic acid) level in plasma. Deficiencies were found mainly in the Tobeatic and Cape Breton Highland regions. No indications of molybdenosis or other trace element disturbances were found in Nova Scotia. Otherwise, extremely high Cd levels (148 mg Cd/kg kidney wet wt., maximum) were found, though probably not contributing to the moose sickness. The Cd burden of moose on mainland Nova Scotia was more than 50% higher than that of moose in Huntville and Alonquin (Ontario, Canada) and five- to six-fold is higher than the highest Cd levels found in Sweden. To counteract the bio-geochemical effects of Co deficiency in the moose environment, provision of Co-containing salt licks is suggested.
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PMID:Nova Scotia moose mystery--a moose sickness related to cobalt- and vitamin B12 deficiency. 1465 77

A 32-year-old male presented with progressive weakness and numbness of both upper limbs of one-month duration. The patient had weakness and wasting of small muscles of both hands with weak grip. Sensory system revealed graded sensory loss to pain, temperature and touch in C5 to T1 distribution and vibration and joint position sense from C5 to C8 in the both upper limbs. There was areflexia in the upper limbs while there was no motor or sensory deficit in the lower limbs. The cortical potential on stimulation of posterior tibial nerve was prolonged on both sides. On MR imaging of the cervical spine there was iso to low intense lesion which was hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging along the dorsal aspect of the cord extending from C2 to C6 level. The axial images showed involvement of the posterior column. The serum vitamin B12 level was found to be low. The patient responded to parenteral cyanocobalamine therapy and the radiological lesion subsequently resolved.
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PMID:Syringomyelia-like manifestation of subacute combined degeneration. 1526 Dec 51


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