Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0235394 (wasting)
 8,040 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The thymic region of neonatal Swiss mice was exposed to doses varying from 1000 R to 2000 R of X-irradiation. The animals did not show any signs of wasting syndrome up to 6 months after irradiation. At this time hyperplasia of the thymus with an associated lymphocytosis was evident in irradiated animals. Antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was not affected. However, at 12 months post-irradiation the animals showed signs of wasting disease with a progressive increase in their numbers at 18 and 24 months of age. The percentage incidence of animals with wasting disease was dose dependent. At this stage in the majority of the animals with the disease the thymus showed varying degrees of atrophy along with splenomegaly. There were no significant differences in the number of lymphocytes but the number of granulocytes showed a substantial increase. This was more evident in animals exposed to 2000 R to the thymic region. Though one observed a lowered ability to form antibodies to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with advancing age, the thymic irradiation did not affect the immune response to BSA even in animals manifesting wasting disease. An interesting observation has been the development of a severe loss of muscle power and tone in the hind limbs in a large majority of animals.
 ...
PMID:Effects of neonatal thymic exposure to high doses of X-irradiation. 31 96

Region 65-102 of the myelin basic protein (MBP) houses a number of antigenic determinants known to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), suppressor cell function, and antibodies. In this report we describe the biological activity of synthetic peptides S53, S55, and S49 with sequence homology to region 69-84 of the rat, guinea pig, and bovine MBP. Peptide S53-A, defined by residues 75-84 of the guinea pig (SQRSQDEN) and of the rat (SQRTQDEN) MBP induced clinical signs of disease in Lewis rats. These included weight loss, flaccid tail, "muscle wasting," and hind-leg weakness. Histological examination of brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve sections of diseased rats revealed the complete absence of focal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates characteristics of demyelinating EAE lesions. Elongation of peptide S53 by three or six residues to residue sequences naturally found at its N-terminal end gave rise to peptides S55S (PQKSQRSQDEN) and S49S (GSLPQKSQRSDQDEN), respectively. Lewis rats challenged with either S55S or S49S developed classical clinical and histological signs of EAE. Severe hind-leg paralysis was accompanied by incontinence and sometimes death. Injected in the form of carrier-free peptide, S53 was a meager B cell immunogen. S53 conjugated with methylated-bovine serum albumin was also a potent immunogen and produced clinical signs of disease without CNS pathology. By comparison, carrier-free S55S and S49S were potent immunogens giving rise to antibodies that cross reacted completely and competitively with S55S but considerably less so with S53. The results show that the sequence of S53 defines an epitope responsible for the formation of anti-S53 antibodies. Elongation of the S53 sequence at its N-terminal end generated an additional epitope which induced cell-mediated immunity responsible for the concomitant development of pathological signs of EAE. It may be concluded that the induction of classical signs of EAE requires specific and defined sequences capable of expressing both B cell and T cell functions.
 ...
PMID:Biological activity of region 65-102 of the myelin basic protein. 243 Jan 4

To evaluate the extent of the nutritional stress of pediatric bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and to evaluate the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 35 consecutive pediatric patients who received BMT were studied retrospectively. Voluntary cessation of oral nutrition in almost all patients was observed, and significant decreases of serum albumin levels were seen after BMT. In 85% of these patients, TPN was necessary in response to severe wasting and fasting. No deaths were related to indwelling central venous catheters during the period of 2968 catheter-use days in these severely myelosuppressed patients. The mean of the total daily energy intake was 104% of basal energy expenditure (BEE), and 70% of patients lost their weight. Predicted energy requirement to maintain body weight after BMT would be 128% of BEE from a simple linear regression step in this study. Significant correlations were found between the marrow recovery time and the initial nutritional state, expressed as the percentage of ideal weight height ratio, as well as benign nature of the disease. The use of TPN did not show any beneficial effects on the time course of marrow recovery, although it showed favorable effects on the maintenance of body weight.
 ...
PMID:Use of total parenteral nutrition in pediatric bone marrow transplantation. 252 Feb 53

Urinary concentrating defects and renal salt wasting have been described in the hyperbilirubinemic Gunn strain strain of rat. Homozygous animals demonstrate significant reductions in renal medullary urea and sodium ion concentrations. These observations are consistent with possible bilirubin associated disorders in the transepithelial transport of water and solute. To test this hypothesis, measurements of active sodium transport and passive water and urea fluxes were made in hemibladders isolated from the Dominican toad, Bufo marinus. Tissues were exposed to amphibian bicarbonate Ringer's solution containing 0.1 mM bilirubin with 0.05% bovine serum albumin (BSA) or BSA alone. Vasopressin-stimulated sodium transport, as reflected by short circuit current (SCC), was inhibited by 18 +/- 6% in the presence of bilirubin (N = 10; P less than 0.02). Cyclic AMP (p-Cl-phenylthio cAMP 10(-5) M) stimulated SCC was inhibited to a similar degree in the presence of bilirubin. The inhibition was noted only when bilirubin was in the serosal bath, and it could be abolished with BSA 0.5%. Bilirubin had no effect on the increase in SCC induced by higher concentrations of cyclic AMP (10(-4) M), aldosterone, or amphotericin B. Furthermore, bilirubin had no effect on the hydro-osmotic response to vasopressin and vasopressin-induced changes in urea permeability. These findings show that short-term exposure to bilirubin exerts a tissue-specific effect on the vasopressin-stimulated active transport of sodium but has no effect on the vasopressin-induced fluxes of water and urea.
 ...
PMID:Effects of bilirubin on transepithelial transport of sodium, water, and urea. 298 53

In 44 adult patients, 16 men and 28 women, with chronic renal failure who were dialysed under uniform conditions (Dialyser area 1.2 m2, blood flow 200 ml/min, dialysate flow 500 ml/min, dialysis fluid acetate concentration 35 mmol/l) we determined the plasma acetate concentration after 1 h of haemodialysis (1H-Ac) and 3 h of dialysis (3H-Ac). 1H-Ac was significantly lower than 3H-Ac in both male and female patients, and both mean values were significantly greater in males than in females. 3H-Ac showed a negative correlation with body surface area, serum creatinine before dialysis, and serum albumin, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, body surface area and serum creatinine showed the strongest significant combination of independent variables (R = 0.66), and accounted for 43% of the total variance in 3H-Ac. Sex, age, serum albumin and haematocrit did not further contribute to explaining the variance in 3H-Ac independently of body surface area and serum creatinine. Assuming that serum creatinine to some extent reflects the generation rate of creatinine and thus the muscle mass of the patients, our findings suggest that the rate of metabolism of acetate is proportional to the body size and that acetate is metabolised to a large extent in skeletal muscle. Accordingly, malnutrition with muscle-wasting may lead to slow metabolism of acetate and possibly to exaggerated acetate-related side-effects.
 ...
PMID:Patient-related factors influencing the plasma acetate concentration during haemodialysis. 312 53

Components of the immunosuppressive regimen used to reactivate latent Pneumocystis carinii infection were analyzed for their effects on the growth, nutrition, and lymphoid system of hosts. Rats that were administered either tetracycline or a low-protein (8%) diet alone for 7 weeks developed few abnormalities, but animals on the combined regimen developed lower body and lymphoid organ weights, lower serum albumin levels, and fewer circulating lymphocytes. Rats that were administered corticosteroids and tetracycline experienced severe wasting, debilitation, and generalized lymphocyte depletion; the low-protein diet increased the magnitude of these changes. Alterations in the frequency of occurrence of specific lymphocyte subsets occurred only in rats given corticosteroids and consisted mainly of a greater decline in peripheral blood T helper cells than in T suppressor cells. The data suggest that long-term tetracycline administration and a low-protein diet have a variety of adverse effects on the host which enhance the immunosuppressive properties of corticosteroids.
 ...
PMID:Predisposing factors in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: effects of tetracycline, protein malnutrition, and corticosteroids on hosts. 633 32

The great killers in the developing countries are the classical contagious diseases and diarrhoea. The high incidence of these diseases is mainly due to the enormously increased exposure to infectious agents in a milieu of incredibly low hygienic standards. Malnutrition on the other hand, is responsible for the long duration and the often malignant course of these diseases. Undermined immunity in malnutrition may lead to septicaemia. Diarrhoea, besides the danger of hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, acceleration of the wasting process may lead to hypovolaemic shock. Other types of circulatory disturbance are caused by very low serum albumin values, by the overloading of the wasted heart by fluid, by hight salt or calorie intake. Further dangers are hypoglycaemia and hypothermia. The briefly summarized dangers can rather exceptionally also be encountered in the advanced countries. Malnutrition in these parts of the world is brought about by organic diseases, by intractable diarrhoea or by psychologic disturbances.
 ...
PMID:The main causes of death in malnutrition. 643 43

Antithrombin III (AT-III) deficiency has been associated with increased risk of venous and arterial thromboses and arterial graft failure. Deficiency of this circulating glycoprotein may be congenital; however, acquired deficiencies may develop in protein-losing or protein-wasting states. In the present study, AT-III levels of 108 patients undergoing vascular surgical procedures were determined preoperatively and at intervals (third, fifth, and seventh days) postoperatively. The mean AT-III level was then compared to the patient's protein status. The effect of reduced AT-III activity on early graft failure was also noted. A low preoperative AT-III level (less than 80%) was found in 16.3% of the patients studied. Among 83 patients with serum albumin levels greater than 3.0 gm/dl or transferrin levels greater than 180 mg/dl, reduced AT-III activity was present in only 10 (12%). In contrast, when serum albumin levels were less than 3.0 gm/dl, AT-III deficiency was found in 12 of 25 patients (48%) (p less than 0.01). Early thrombosis of a femorodistal graft occurred in 5 of 15 patients (33%) with reduced AT-III levels. When AT-III levels were normal, early bypass failure occurred in only 9 of 67 grafts (13.4%). However, this difference was not statistically significant. An additional 15 patients had sequential pre- and postoperative measurements (up to 3 weeks) of serum protein and AT-III levels to illustrate the relationship between the dynamics of protein metabolism and AT-III levels. There was a clear temporal relationship between albumin, transferrin, and AT-III levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Antithrombin III deficiency as a reflection of dynamic protein metabolism in patients undergoing vascular reconstruction. 649 12

Although malnutrition and wasting are known features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, their incidence and possible association with immunologic impairment are largely unknown, as is the prognostic value of the nutritional state. Nutritional, clinical, and immunologic parameters were measured in 100 outpatients in different stages of HIV infection. In addition, 39 patients with AIDS were prospectively followed for a mean period of 343 (range, 53-650) days. Sixty-three percent of the patients showed evidence of malnutrition, 21% suffered from wasting. A reduced body cell mass and decreased serum albumin levels were observed in 32 and 14%, respectively, predominantly in more advanced disease stages. Fourteen of 39 AIDS patients died after a mean survival of 212 days. Survivors showed significantly larger initial body cell mass values and higher initial serum albumin levels compared with nonsurvivors, whereas CD4+ lymphocyte counts, disease complications, and medication were all similar in both groups. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed a significantly prolonged survival in patients with a body cell mass > 30% of body weight or serum albumin levels exceeding 30 g/L. Factor analyses indicated that the parameters of nutritional state were independent from each other and from CD4+ lymphocyte counts. Malnutrition occurs frequently during HIV infection and increases with disease progress. It strongly predicts patient survival independent of CD4+ lymphocyte counts.
 ...
PMID:Incidence and prognostic value of malnutrition and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus-infected outpatients. 785 35

1. Increased release of tumour necrosis factor is thought to contribute to human-immunodeficiency-virus-associated wasting syndrome. Elevated serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor have, however, mainly been found during acute opportunistic infections and were not correlated with the degree of wasting. This finding may be explained by the paracrine release and the rapid inactivation of tumour necrosis factor. Serum levels of the two recently detected soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor proteins (p55 and p75) are assumed to reflect tumour necrosis factor release. 2. Serum levels of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors 55 and 75 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunological and biological binding assay in 45 human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected patients and seven healthy control subjects. Patients were followed up for survival. Serum albumin, prealbumin, total iron-binding capacity (transferrin) and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured using standard laboratory methods. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. 3. Serum concentrations of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 55 and 75 were both significantly increased in human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected patients as compared with the health control subjects (P < 0.05); soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor concentrations were even more increased in patients with elevated C-reactive protein levels (> or = 5mg/l) as compared with those with normal C-reactive protein levels (< 5mg/l; P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Tumour necrosis factor receptor levels are linked to the acute-phase response and malnutrition in human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected patients. 816 42


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>