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 2,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven formerly cocaine-dependent (FCD) adults (mean 4 years in recovery) and 11 with no substance dependence history (ND) drank one cup of coffee (caffeine content 0, 50, or 100 mg) per hour for 5 h (for a total of 0, 250, or 500 mg caffeine) in a double-blind, randomized crossover procedure. Participants completed self-report scales before the first cup and 50 min after each cup. Caffeine did not increase cocaine-like effect or desire-for-cocaine ratings among the FCD subjects. Ratings of 'jittery' (P < 0.05) and 'anxious/tense/nervous' (P < 0.10) increased more with caffeine in the FCD group than among ND subjects. Self-report measures of caffeine reinforcement did not differ between FCD and ND groups. These results suggest that, among FCD adults, (a) caffeine does not produce cocaine-like effects, (b) caffeine reinforcement is neither greater nor lesser than that among ND adults, and (c) chronic cocaine use may induce sensitization to some effects of stimulants.
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PMID:Subjective effects of oral caffeine in formerly cocaine-dependent humans. 947 95

The effects of caffeine on cognition were reviewed based on the large body of literature available on the topic. Caffeine does not usually affect performance in learning and memory tasks, although caffeine may occasionally have facilitatory or inhibitory effects on memory and learning. Caffeine facilitates learning in tasks in which information is presented passively; in tasks in which material is learned intentionally, caffeine has no effect. Caffeine facilitates performance in tasks involving working memory to a limited extent, but hinders performance in tasks that heavily depend on working memory, and caffeine appears to rather improve memory performance under suboptimal alertness conditions. Most studies, however, found improvements in reaction time. The ingestion of caffeine does not seem to affect long-term memory. At low doses, caffeine improves hedonic tone and reduces anxiety, while at high doses, there is an increase in tense arousal, including anxiety, nervousness, jitteriness. The larger improvement of performance in fatigued subjects confirms that caffeine is a mild stimulant. Caffeine has also been reported to prevent cognitive decline in healthy subjects but the results of the studies are heterogeneous, some finding no age-related effect while others reported effects only in one sex and mainly in the oldest population. In conclusion, it appears that caffeine cannot be considered a ;pure' cognitive enhancer. Its indirect action on arousal, mood and concentration contributes in large part to its cognitive enhancing properties.
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PMID:Is caffeine a cognitive enhancer? 2018 35

Caffeine has become the most prevalently consumed psychostimulant in the world, but its influences on daily real-world functioning are relatively unknown. The present work investigated the effects of caffeine (0 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg) on a commonplace language task that required readers to identify and correct 4 error types in extended discourse: simple local errors (misspelling 1- to 2-syllable words), complex local errors (misspelling 3- to 5-syllable words), simple global errors (incorrect homophones), and complex global errors (incorrect subject-verb agreement and verb tense). In 2 placebo-controlled, double-blind studies using repeated-measures designs, we found higher detection and repair rates for complex global errors, asymptoting at 200 mg in low consumers (Experiment 1) and peaking at 400 mg in high consumers (Experiment 2). In both cases, covariate analyses demonstrated that arousal state mediated the relationship between caffeine consumption and the detection and repair of complex global errors. Detection and repair rates for the other 3 error types were not affected by caffeine consumption. Taken together, we demonstrate that caffeine has differential effects on error detection and repair as a function of dose and error type, and this relationship is closely tied to caffeine's effects on subjective arousal state. These results support the notion that central nervous system stimulants may enhance global processing of language-based materials and suggest that such effects may originate in caffeine-related right hemisphere brain processes. Implications for understanding the relationships between caffeine consumption and real-world cognitive functioning are discussed.
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PMID:Caffeine enhances real-world language processing: evidence from a proofreading task. 2198 25