Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0234215 (discomfort)
 24,445 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a clinical survey the relation between migraine and menstruation was studied in 142 otherwise healthy women. In 24, onset of migraine coincided with the year of menarch. Of the 138 patients in whom onset of migraine predated the menopause, there were only 13 in whom attacks occurred regularly, and only, just before or during menstruation; in a further 11 attacks occurred regularly in relation to menstruation and at other times. Those with menstrually related migraine were more likely to have onset of migraine at menarche, to have associated weight gain and breast discomfort as part of a periodic syndrome, and to show improvement during pregnancy. There appeared no clear pattern of change at the menopause. In a study of reproductive hormones, blood was collected daily throughout a menstrual cycle from each of 8 women with menstrually related migraine, 6 with menstrually non-related migraine, and 8 healthy headache-free controls. Plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (F.S.H.), luteinising hormone (L.H.), prolactin, oestrogen, and progesterone were measured in all. Plasma-testosterone was measured in 8 migraine patients. Mean plasma oestrogen and progesterone levels were significantly higher in migraine patients than controls for most of the menstrual cycle, with the most striking differences found in the late luteal phase for progesterone. No significant difference was found between the menstrually related and non-related patients for these or the other hormones measured. Mean plasma-prolactin levels were lower in migraine subjects than controls, but the difference was not significant. Mean plasma F.S.H. and L.H. levels were similar in both migraine and control groups. Plasma-testosterone levels were within the range for normal in the 8 migraine patients studied. No specific hormone changes were associated with the occurrence of a migraine attack, nor did rising or falling levels, or greater increments of change over given cycle phases, appear important in provoking attacks.
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PMID:Migraine and reporoductive hormones throughout the menstrual cycle. 4 17

Older people often describe their headaches as starting with vague neck discomfort and eventually moving to the temples and forehead. These are muscle-tension headaches, by far the most common type in the elderly. Although cervical osteoarthritis often is at fault, depression can be a significant factor, patricularly when headaches are chronic. There is no sure cure for tension headache, and often, several of the many remedies-ethyl chloride spray, moist heat, massage, antidepressant drugs, analgesics, local anesthetics, etc.-must be tried before an effective one is found. But just as important to successful therapy are concern, compassion, and a willingness to listen on the part of the physician. True migraine headaches are rare in the elderly. More prevalent is the type of vascular headache associated with giant cell arteritis, which is severe and resistant to any form of analgesic except the strongest narcotics. Vascular headaches also may result from congestive heart failure (which produces venous congestion in the cranial cavity), transient ischemia, increased intracranial pressure, and a variety of metabolic disturbances.
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PMID:The types of headache that affect the elderly. 95 13

Exteroceptive suppression (ES) of temporalis muscle activity, particularly the multisynaptic ES2, has been reported to be significantly reduced in tension type headache, but not in migraine. We re-evaluated the methods of optimally analysing the single shock technique and its intra- and inter-individual variability in 26 normal subjects. These data were compared with the results in patients with migraine, post-lumbar puncture headache, headache due to meningitis, tension-type headaches in HIV infection and patients with symptomatic headache of various etiologies. ES2 was absent in about 50% of tension-type headache patients, but only in one normal subject. With the methods used here and when patients with absent ES2 were excluded, mean duration of ES2 was not significantly different between the various groups. It seems therefore necessary, in spite of increased discomfort for patients, to use complementary methods, such as averaging 16-32 responses and applying various stimulation sets, if one wants to increase the potency of temporalis ES2 as a diagnostic and pathophysiologic tool in headache.
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PMID:Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity in various types of headache. 155 31

A six-week cardiovascular exercise program was provided to 11 subjects classified as experiencing classical migraines, while 9 similarly-classified subjects served as waiting-list controls. Measures included the Canadian Aerobic Fitness test, a headache diary to record the Frequency, Intensity, and Duration of migraine episodes and the Pain-Severity, Affective-Distress, and Support scales of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). Measures were taken on both treatment and control subjects before, mid-way through, and upon termination of the first aerobic program, as well as after a two week follow-up. The aerobic classes were effective in significantly improving cardiovascular fitness. Pain Severity decreased significantly for those receiving aerobic training, who also showed (nonsignificant) trends, over the measurement periods, toward reductions in Affective Distress as well as the Frequency, Intensity and Duration of migraines, but these trends failed to reach statistical significance. Control subjects demonstrated no systematic changes in any of the dependent measures. These results suggest possible long-term benefits of aerobic fitness in the management of classical migraines.
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PMID:The effects of aerobic exercise on migraine. 155 33

The effects of oral Magnesium (Mg) pyrrolidone carboxylic acid were evaluated in 20 patients affected by menstrual migraine, in a double-blind, placebo controlled study. After a two cycles run-in period, the treatment (360 mg/day of Mg or placebo) started on the 15th day of the cycle and continued till the next menses, for two months. Oral Mg was then supplemented in an open design for the next two months. At the 2nd month, the Pain Total Index was decreased by both Placebo and Mg, with patients receiving active drug showing the lowest values (P less than 0.03). The number of days with headache was reduced only in the patients on active drug. Mg treatment also improved premenstrual complaints, as demonstrated by the significant reduction of Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) scores. The reduction of PTI and MDQ scores was observed also at the 4th month of treatment, when Mg was supplemented in all the patients. Intracellular Mg++ levels in patients with menstrual migraine were reduced compared to controls. During oral Mg treatment, the Mg++ content of Lymphocytes (LC) and Polymorphonucleated cells (PMN) significantly increased, while no changes in plasma or Red Blood Cells were found. An inverse correlation between PTI and Mg++ content in PMN was demonstrated. These data point to magnesium supplementation as a further means for menstrual migraine prophylaxis, and support the possibility that a lower migraine threshold could be related to magnesium deficiency.
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PMID:Magnesium prophylaxis of menstrual migraine: effects on intracellular magnesium. 186 Jul 87

Treatment of a patient with otologic symptoms and associated migraine-like headache presents the otolaryngologist with formidable problems. Although clinical practice and scientific publications recognize their frequent association, relationships have yet to be well defined. This study seeks to add order to disarray by delineating symptoms and signs of a clearly identified group of migraine patients. Fifty patients with well-defined basilar migraine underwent a thorough neurotologic examination, as well as comprehensive auditory and vestibular testing. Patients were selected from 5880 patients seen over a 2-year period and were prospectively entered into the study after detailed questionnaires and testing were completed for each patient. The most common symptoms found were dysequilibrium, phonophobia, and head pressure. The most common signs were positional nystagmus, low-frequency hearing loss, abnormal loudness discomfort level, and an abnormality on caloric examination. Advanced vestibular testing showed abnormal amplitude scaling, abnormal toes-down pertubation, and an abnormal sway (condition 6) on dynamic posturography. There was frequently an asymmetry on computerized rotation. The author concludes that the majority of patients have subtle findings on testing, but a few have severe peripheral injury due to the basilar migraine. Findings are consistent with the theory that basilar migraine is a central nervous system maladaptation syndrome which creates otoneurologic symptoms and, in a small percentage of cases, may injure the peripheral end-organ.
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PMID:Neurotologic findings in basilar migraine. 198 61

In nine women suffering from menstrual migraine (MM), and in six healthy asymptomatic volunteers, plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP), growth hormone (GH), norepinephrine (NE), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) concentrations were measured in response to clonidine (0.075 mg, i.v.) stimulation. In MM patients clonidine testing was performed in both the early and the late luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Premenstrual symptoms were prospectively evaluated in the actual cycle using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. beta-EP (after gel chromatography) and GH were measured using radioimmunoassay. NE and MHPG were evaluated by HPLC using electrochemical detection. In both phases of the menstrual cycle clonidine significantly reduced NE and MHPG levels in MM patients and controls in a similar way. In MM patients beta-EP and GH plasma levels were stimulated by clonidine only in the early luteal phase, whereas they remained unchanged when they were stimulated in the premenstrual period. In controls the response of both hormones was not affected by the menstrual cycle. The lack of hormonal response to clonidine in MM may suggest a postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoreceptor hyposensitivity during the premenstrual period. This demonstrates a transient vulnerability of the neuroendocrine/neurovegetative systems, and could thus be a factor facilitating the precipitation of both behavioral changes and migraine attacks.
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PMID:Premenstrual failure of alpha-adrenergic stimulation on hypothalamus-pituitary responses in menstrual migraine. 255 88

We investigated stripe-induced visual discomfort and its relation to migraine. Some people find viewing striped patterns aversive. Prior work has suggested that migraineurs, in particular, are bothered by stripes. Subjects were selected by opportunity sampling. They were shown striped patterns and asked questions about their general health and their headache history, if any. Of the 102 subjects, 38 were diagnosed as having migraine headaches, 22 had nonmigraine headaches, and 42 were considered to be nonheadache subjects; 82% of those with migraines were stripe sensitive while only 6.2% without migraines were stripe sensitive. We conclude that stripe aversiveness is related to migraine headaches and can assist differentiation of migraine and nonmigraine headaches.
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PMID:Migraine and stripe-induced visual discomfort. 280 73

In order to evaluate the relationships between endogenous opioid activity and premenstrual complaints, we subjected three groups of patients in the mid (days 8-12 prior to menses) and late (days 1-5 prior to menses) luteal phases of the cycle to a naloxone test and some of the patients to a luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) test. The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) group was composed of nine patients complaining of dizziness, irritability and depression close to menses for at least three years. The menstrually related migraine (MM) group was composed of 15 patients complaining of premenstrually related migraine. The common migraine (CM) group was made up of 16 women suffering from common migraine for years whose attacks occurred independently of menstrual cycle events. A group of seven fertile women served as controls. Every two days the patients filled out the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire for evaluation of their complaints. After the evaluation of spontaneous LH pulsatility for one hour, 4 mg of naloxone was injected as a bolus, and samples were collected every 15 minutes for 2 hours. Both estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in basal samples from each naloxone test. LH responsiveness to LHRH was similar in the mid and late luteal phases and did not change between groups. In the mid luteal phase the LH response to naloxone in PMS and MM patients was similar to that in normal subjects, while CM patients had impaired LH secretion. In the premenstrual phase only the controls maintained an LH responsiveness similar to that observed in the mid luteal phase, while both PMS and MM lost the naloxone-induced LH release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Transient failure of central opioid tonus and premenstrual symptoms. 305 71

There is little information available concerning whether, and to what extent, migraine-prophylactic agents interfere with the symptoms of migraine attacks. The present study is a placebo-controlled, double-blind study concerning metoprolol in classic migraine. The data refer to the symptoms of single migraine attacks. During metoprolol treatment more attacks were characterized as mild (p = 0.002), and mean global rating (an integrated estimate of headache intensity and of other discomfort) was lower (4.2 versus 5.2, p = 0.003). The mean headache intensity per attack (1.97 versus 2.15) and the mean duration (5.5 versus 6.8 h) were not significantly different. Consumption of analgesics per attack was lower during metoprolol treatment (0.6 versus 1.1; p = 0.02). Attacks with associated symptoms accompanying the headache were fewer during metoprolol treatment (p = 0.014). Total visual and non-visual aura symptoms occurred with similar frequency, but scintillations and paraesthesia were more frequent during metoprolol treatment, whereas speech disturbances were less frequent. In spite of lower consumption of analgesics, the symptoms appeared milder during metoprolol than during placebo. The pattern of changes indicates that metoprolol exerts its action via the sympathetic nervous system; peripheral vasoconstriction is hardly the underlying mechanism of action.
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PMID:Symptoms of classic migraine attacks: modifications brought about by metoprolol. 306 20


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