Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0233794 (memory impairment)
 7,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the kappa-opioid receptor agonists tifluadom, bremazocine and U-50,488 on locomotor activity (test: toggle-floor box) and memory (test: passive avoidance) were assessed in C57BL/6 (C57) and DB/2 (DBA) mice. The drugs administration resulted in activity depression in both strains, the effect was higher in DBA mice and was enhanced by pretreatment with haloperidol and with muscimol. Memory impairment was observed in DBA mice following posttraining administration of all drugs. This effect was enhanced by immobilization stress and decreased by familiarization with the apparatus. Memory improvement was evident in C57 mice (U-50,488 experiments). In a research carried out with CD1 mice, amygdaloid lesions decreased the memory impairing effect of U-50,488. The results are compared with those previously obtained with mu agonists and, as concerns memory, are discussed in terms of the involvement of emotional factors in mice responses to kappa agonists administration.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:Effects of kappa-opioid receptor agonists on locomotor activity and memory processes in mice. 285 67

This paper presents the diagnostic criteria for age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), proposed by the National Institute of Mental Health work group in the USA [1]. The paper also discusses the related notions and possibilities of differentiation between AAMI and dementia of the Alzheimer type.
Psychiatr Pol
PMID:[Age-associated memory impairment]. 765 85

Author presents a review of detailed psychopathological picture of dementia syndromes. Apart from memory impairment, a large, number of other symptoms regarding personality changes, perception and thought changes as well as disturbed behaviour must be taken into account.
Psychiatr Pol
PMID:[Clinical picture of dementia]. 857 1

Giving expert opinions within legal psychiatry in civil cases requires more and more strict co-operation of expert psychiatrists with psychologists. Assessment of the cognitive functions with the help of neuropsychological methods is an important diagnostic element that leads to giving the right opinion. The most frequent reasons for appointing experts in psychiatry and psychology are disorders of cognitive functions as a result of various brain injuries. Dementia syndromes are particularly often subjects of doubts in preparing expert opinions as they must be distinguished from other organic dysfunctions and from the age--associated memory impairment. Considering the evidence value the most important thing is to assess all the objective data included in the medical records and subsequently to assess the testimony of the witnesses Usually people from legal circles and families of the people who make declarations of will overvalue the importance of additional examinations. Those examinations are important but they do not settle the patient's psychic state because the decisive factor is not the kind of somatic disease but the influence of that disease on the psychic state. The neuropsychologist's role in giving medical statements is going to increase together with the tendency to objectivization and qualitative assessment of intensification of respective disorders of cognitive functions when examining patients in order to give expert opinions.
Psychiatr Pol
PMID:[About the necessity of neuropsychological assessment in the civil law]. 1105 84

Competitive antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, D(-) CPP (up to 0.625 mg/kg) and (+/-)CPP (up to 0.625 mg/kg), did not influence the electroconvulsive threshold in mice. At a dose of 1.25 mg/kg, both drugs significantly elevated the threshold. D(-)CPP (0.625 mg/kg) and (+/-)CPP (0.625 mg/kg) potentiated the anticonvulsant activity of valproate, carbamazepine and phenobarbital. No potentiation was observed in the case of diphenylhydantoin. Moreover, these competitive NMDA antagonists did not influence the plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs, so a pharmacokinetic interaction, in terms of total and free plasma levels at least, is not probable. The combined treatment of both CPP agents with either carbamazepine, diphenylhydantoin or phenobarbital (providing a 50% protection against maximal electroshock) was devoid of significant side effects (in the tests evaluating motor and long-term memory impairment). Valproate co-administered with CPP compounds caused a moderate motor impairment, but did not affect cognitive functions in mice. It is noteworthy that valproate and phenobarbital given alone at doses equal to their ED50s resulted in significant long-term memory deficit. The results indicate that combinations of antiepileptic drugs with some NMDA receptor antagonists, apart from enhanced anticonvulsant potential, may not necessarily result in the occurrence of considerable adverse reactions.
Pol J Pharmacol
PMID:Influence of D(-)CPP and (+/-)CPP upon the protective action of conventional antiepileptic drugs against electroconvulsions in mice. 1155 63

Studies on animals have shown that chronic stress is able to evoke behavioral changes such as locomotor activity deficit, decreased sleep, reduced food and water consumption and impaired memory. Chronic stress produces changes in concentrations of neurotransmitters, mainly in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is a vulnerable brain structure that is involved in learning and memory functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic stress procedure and moclobemide in rats, and the influence of chronic stress on the levels of monoamines: noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the rat hippocampus [as well as their metabolites: dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)]. It was found out that chronic 21-day stress caused worsening of memory: the well trained rats after stress procedure lost their ability to find food quickly. Because of many errors in finding the way, the time these animals needed was on average 2.4-times longer than that of the control group. Single, as well as prolonged (21 days) treatment with moclobemide (10 mg/kg/day) counteracted the deficit of memory induced by chronic stress. In stressed animals, we observed an increase in DA, decrease in DOPAC, 5-HT and 5-HIAA and decrease in NE levels. Moclobemide modulated the changes in the levels of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, decreasing their turnover. The results demonstrate that moclobemide improves memory impaired by stress. They suggest also that moclobemide has a modulatory effect on stress-induced neurotransmitter changes which may be of importance for the protective effect of the drug with regard to memory impairment.
Pol J Pharmacol
PMID:Reversal of stress-induced memory changes by moclobemide: the role of neurotransmitters. 1178 23

In this paper we discuss seven cases of major depression in elderly (age > 60) treated with ECT. Six suffered from unipolar disorder and one from bipolar; four of them had psychotic features. In all patients at least some improvement was gained. Memory impairment appeared in two patients, however in one case no abnormalities in neuropsychological tests were found; in the second patient memory impairment, which could have been seen before treatment, became slightly more pronounced. In one patient after injection used for anaesthesia convulsion (type grand mal) occurred, but when the medicine was changed all ECT sessions were successful without any side effects. In three patients ECT had been successfully used before and was still efficient during our study. In other three patients ECT as prevention is still being used. Our first experience with ECT in elderly patients is highly encouraging, especially after careful selection of patients.
Psychiatr Pol
PMID:[Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression in the elderly]. 1264 35

Riluzole, a pre- and postsynaptic modulator of glutamate transmission, administered alone at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg did not affect pentetrazole-evoked seizures in mice. However, it enhanced the anti-seizure action of valproate, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, although not that of clonazepam, in this model of experimental epilepsy. Keeping in mind that riluzole did not change plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs, a pharmacokinetic interaction, at least in terms of free plasma levels, does not seem probable. Regarding undesired effects, riluzole (5 mg/kg) and its combination with valproate did not produce any motor or long-term memory impairment. In contrast, the concomitant treatment of riluzole (5 mg/kg) with valproate (144 mg/kg), phenobarbital (4.9 mg/kg), or ethosuximide (90 mg/kg), resulted in a moderate motor deficit, but not long-term memory impairment in the tested mice. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that riluzole might occur effective as an additive drug in the treatment of myoclonic or absence epilepsy in humans.
Pol J Pharmacol
PMID:Riluzole enhances the anti-seizure action of conventional antiepileptic drugs against pentetrazole-induced convulsions in mice. 1515 69

We investigated the effects of 2R,4R-APDC, a selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (II mGluR) agonist, on certain behaviors in rats subjected and non-subjected to hypoxia. Short-term hypoxia was used as a model of experimentally induced amnesia. 2R,4R-APDC given intracerebroventricularly (icv) at doses of 1 mumol and 100 nmol decreased the number of crossings and rearings in the open field, impaired acquisition and consolidation but improved retrieval in the passive avoidance tests. It also shortened the time spent in open arms and prolonged the time spent in closed arms, reduced the number of open and closed arms entries in an elevated "plus" maze, which is a measure of anxiety. Four-minute hypoxia (2% O(2), 98% N(2)) retrieval of conditioned responses, and exhibited an anxiogenic effect in the elevated "plus" maze in rats, i.e. it reduced the time spent in open arms and the number of entries to closed and open arms. 2R,4R-APDC effect on locomotor and exploratory activity was not changed after hypoxia, i.e. we observed inhibition of motility. This agonist of II mGluRs used at both doses before hypoxia significantly improved acquisition and retrieval, and had dual effect on consolidation, viz. at a dose of 1 mumol, it impaired this process and at a dose of 100 nmol it improved it. In the elevated "plus" maze, rats pretreated with 2R,4R-APDC and then subjected to hypoxia shortened the time spent in open arms and prolonged the time spent in closed arms, reduced the time spent in open arms, i.e. the drug exhibited anxiogenic effect. We conclude, therefore, that 2R,4R-APDC itself impaired acquisition and consolidation, enhanced retrieval but in rats undergoing hypoxia, it improved acquisition, retrieval and when used at the dose of 100 nmol enhanced consolidation. 2R,4R-APDC had beneficial effect in hypoxia-induced memory impairment in passive avoidance test.
Pol J Pharmacol
PMID:2R,4R-APDC influence on hypoxia-induced impairment of learning and memory processes in passive avoidance test. 1559 40

Primary dementias are the most common cause of memory impairment in patients above the age of 60. Hypothyroidism, depression, vitamin B12 deficiency and infectious diseases such as syphilis at times may present with memory impairment mimicking primary dementias in their clinical presentation. We present here a 64-year-old female who presented with complaints of forgetfulness, confusion, memory loss and impaired concentration for the past 3 months. Neuroimaging and computed tomography of the chest were suggestive of active tuberculosis. Anti-tubercular therapy led to resolution of enhancing lesions in the brain and abatement of memory deficits.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:Central nervous system tuberculosis masquerading as primary dementia: a case report. 2212 48


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