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Query: UMLS:C0233794 (memory impairment)
 7,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Objective memory criteria for diagnosing age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), age-consistent memory impairment, and late-life forgetfulness (LLF) were applied to 523 cognitively normal older persons divided into 2 groups on the basis of the clinical memory assessment battery they received. Seventy-seven percent of Group 2 and 98% of Group 1 met the Crook et al. (1986) cognitive criteria for AAMI on at least 1 test. Rates based on individual tests varied from 7% to 96%. Objective-cognitive criteria for LLF were met by no members of Group 1 but by 31% of Group 2. Results suggest that, as proposed, the criteria for age-related diagnoses lack reliability. Concerns regarding the diagnosis of normal memory in older populations are considered.
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PMID:Age-associated memory impairment diagnoses: problems of reliability and concerns for terminology. 177 43

We report a patient with a ten-year history of slowly progressive recent memory decline without additional cognitive impairment in presenility. A right-handed Japanese barber first experienced forgetfulness at the age of 59. Neurological examination at age 64 revealed no abnormality except for severe impairment in memorizing. Brain CT-scans were normal. In spite of gradually deteriorating memory, he was capable of organizing his work until the age of 67 years. At age 69, he showed intense recent memory defect and disorientation in time, but immediate memory span and remote memory beyond the retrograde gap were better preserved. Intelligence quotient (IQ) on the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-R remained 85 (verbal IQ, 88: performance IQ, 83). Neurological examination was negative. He showed no signs of aphasia, agnosia, or apraxia. Minimal organic personality changes were noticed. Brain CT-scans and MRI revealed mild atrophy of the temporal lobes and hippocampal formation on both sides. I123-IMP single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) disclosed a decrease of cerebral blood flow in both the inferior temporal and superior frontal regions. SPECT after acetazolamide administration showed augmented accumulation in areas with decreased accumulation at baseline. Despite progressive memory impairment, the absence of aphasia, agnosia, or apraxia differentiates our case from more common Alzheimer's disease. A degenerative disorder of focal cerebral atrophy or "simple senile dementia" of presenile onset was suspected of causing the underlying pathophysiological changes.
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PMID:[Slowly progressive memory impairment without generalized dementia--a clinical and radiological study]. 766 20

Frequency of memory complaints increases with age. Such complaints can be the presenting symptom of Alzheimer's disease. Most cases, however, are not related to Alzheimer's disease. They are included in the constructs of benign senescent forgetfulness or age-associated memory impairment. In the later, memory complaints are considered as the subjective counterpart of the age-associated decline in memory test performance. Actually, memory complaints are associated with various factors: perceptual disorders, general health, functional disability, affective disturbances, psychosocial changes... The first step in the management of memory complaints is to rule out Alzheimer's disease and affective disturbances which could require specific therapeutic measures. Most often, memory complaints are the only presenting symptom: the signification of complaints should be analysed in each individual considering all the possibly causal factors in order to elaborate the appropriate management.
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PMID:[Complaints of memory loss in the elderly]. 793 7

The consequences for cognitive functioning of normal aging, depression and dementia are well known. However, the borderline between normal and pathological cognitive aging is less well understood. Recently, it has been found that it is important to differentiate between 'successful', 'usual' and pathological cognitive aging. This article reviews existing views on this borderline. Recently, it has been found that health-related factors, or biological life events, may determine the rate of cognitive aging. Various different, but similar, diagnostic descriptions of age-related cognitive dysfunction exist simultaneously: benign senescent forgetfulness, malignant senescent forgetfulness, age-associated memory impairment, age-consistent memory impairment, late-life forgetfulness, mild cognitive changes (subthreshold) and cognitive impairment disorders are some examples of different diagnostic categories. There are also various diagnostic tools to obtain these experimental diagnoses; for example, the Global Deterioration Scale, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination. A diagnosis is considered important for the early detection of dementia. Pharmacological treatments are still in the experimental stage. Improvement of cognitive function has particularly been studied in clinical trials with groups of patients with Alzheimer's disease as well as patient groups with age-associated memory impairment. Future strategies may orient more towards treating symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, probably also on the basis of diagnosis of health-related factors, in age-related cognitive decline and depression.
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PMID:Cognitive impairment in elderly people. Predisposing factors and implications for experimental drug studies. 860 Oct 53

The term "mild cognitive impairment" refers to cognitive deficits which exceed normal physiological aging processes, but do not fulfill the criteria for dementia. While recent studies indicate that the respective deficits can be reliably assessed, different diagnostic criteria have prevented a wide application of this diagnosis in clinical practice. The aims of the present study were (1) to assess the prevalence rates of four current diagnostic concepts and (2) to investigate mild cognitive impairment with respect to psychological and sociodemographic variables. Data from 202 probands recruited from the interdisciplinary longitudinal study on adult development were analyzed. On the time of examination, probands were between 60 to 64 years old and in a good health. The following prevalence rates were determined: 13.5% for age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), 6.5% for age-consistent memory impairment (ACMI), 1.5% for late-life forgetfulness (LLF), and 23.5% for aging-associated cognitive decline (AACD). Complaints of cognitive deficits were significantly correlated with higher scores on depression and neuroticism scales but with none of the neuropsychological measures. Reduced performance in neuropsychological tests was associated with a lower educational level and socioeconomic status. We conclude that the prevalence rates of mild cognitive impairment are highly dependent on the diagnostic criteria applied. In this respect the self-report of cognitive decline might be a less useful criteria. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further elucidate the predictive value of these diagnostic criteria.
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PMID:Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in an elderly community sample. 985 Sep 14

The term "mild cognitive impairment" refers to cognitive deficits which exceed normal physiological aging processes, but do not fulfill the criteria for dementia. The prevalence rates of four current concepts were compared in a sample of 202 healthy 60-64 year-old participants recruited from the interdisciplinary longitudinal study on adult development and aging (ILSE). Furthermore, the relationships between cognitive deficits and psychological and sociodemographic variables were examined. The following prevalence rates were determined: 13.5% for age-associated memory impairment, 6.5% for age-consistent memory impairment, 1.5% for late-life forgetfulness and 23.5% for aging-associated cognitive decline. Subjective cognitive complaints did not correlate with results obtained from neuropsychological tests. Significant correlations were however found between subjective cognitive complaints and higher scores on depression and neuroticism scales. Significant correlations were also found between a reduced test performance and a lower educational level and socioeconomic status. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further elucidate the predictive value of these diagnostic concepts.
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PMID:[Mild cognitive deficit in the elderly. Results of a gerontologic study]. 985 19

Impairments in verbal learning and memory functioning have been found to be cardinal features among individuals with schizophrenia as well as among non-schizophrenic cocaine abusers. Cognitive deficits in these areas, moreover, have been associated with poor treatment response and short-term outcome. Little is known, however, about the acute effects of cocaine abuse on schizophrenic patients' learning and memory functioning. Consequently, a potentially reversible and treatable source of cognitive impairment has been virtually ignored. The present study examined the extent of verbal learning and memory impairment in a group of cocaine-dependent schizophrenic patients (n=42) and a group of non-schizophrenic cocaine-dependent patients (n=21) within 72 h of the last cocaine use using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Schizophrenic patients (n=34) without any substance-use disorders were also tested in an identical time frame and served as a comparison group. Results revealed that all groups demonstrated significant learning and memory impairment relative to CVLT published age and gender corrected norms. Both cocaine-dependent and non-substance abusing schizophrenic groups presented a very similar pattern of impaired learning and recall performance across all CVLT task domains. Comorbid patients, in contrast, presented with marked deficits in their ability to learn and recall verbal information relative to either schizophrenic or cocaine-only groups. Moreover, the cocaine-abusing schizophrenic patients showed significant forgetfulness of the information that they did acquire during delayed recall conditions. The performance deficits exhibited by cocaine-abusing schizophrenic patients differed not only in relative severity of impairment, but also qualitatively in their increased rates of forgetfulness of acquired information. These results are interpreted in terms of the neurobiological substrates of learning and memory and the neurobiological impact of cocaine on schizophrenic patients' cognition during the early phase of inpatient hospitalization. These results suggest that comorbid patients should be targeted for specialized remediation efforts at the beginning phases of inpatient treatment.
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PMID:Learning and memory impairment in cocaine-dependent and comorbid schizophrenic patients. 1069 25

A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for forgetfulness, depression and eccentric behavior that had been first noticed 2 years prior to admission. She showed memory impairment, perseveration and repeated violent actions, but no limb-kinetic apraxia. She died 12 years after the onset of symptoms. At autopsy, the unfixed brain weighed 820 g. Atrophy was circumscribed in the frontal lobe on both sides. The globus pallidus and the caudate nucleus were markedly atrophic and gold yellow in color, and the substantia nigra was strikingly pale. The cortical area showed neuronal loss and status spongiosus of the second and third cortical layers with ballooned neurons. Marked neuronal loss was observed in the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, Meynert basal nucleus and substantia nigra. With Holzer stain, fibrillary gliosis was found to be severe in the frontal lobe, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, hippocampus, dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus, substantia nigra, pontine tegmentum and inferior olivary nucleus. With Bielschowsky-Hirano stain, neurofibrillary tangles were observed in the cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, pontine nucleus, the inferior olivary nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus and, to a lesser extent, the neostriatum. Strikingly numerous argyrophilic and tau-positive threads were present in the cerebral white matter. These neuropathological findings corresponded to corticobasal degeneration, but lesions characteristic of progressive supranuclear palsy were also found. Moreover, widespread iron deposition throughout the central nervous system was the most striking finding of the present case. To our knowledge, such a case has not been reported in the literature to date.
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PMID:A case of clinically and neuropathologically atypical corticobasal degeneration with widespread iron deposition. 1190 10

It is essential to determine whether memory impairment is accompanied by impairment in other cognitive areas in patients presenting with the complaint of forgetfulness. Furthermore, it should be established whether this impairment is associated with normal aging or dementia. Several terms have been suggested to identify cognitive disorders without dementia. Benign senescent forgetfulness, age-associated memory impairment and aging-associated cognitive decline are considered to fall within the limits of normal aging. A recently proposed term, mild cognitive impairment, as opposed to the terms mentioned above, identifies a transitional state between normal aging and dementia. With the use of criteria proposed for mild cognitive impairment, this disorder converts to Alzheimer's disease at a rate of 10-15 % yearly. However, in longitudinal studies different neuropsychological tests and assessment scales were used for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, resulting in different conversion rates to Alzheimer's disease. Recently, it has been proposed to classify mild cognitive impairment according to memory and non-memory involvement as amnestic, multiple domain and non-memory single domain clinical subtypes. Furthermore, vascular, metabolic, traumatic and various etiologies other than degenerative etiology are mentioned. Besides the medications known to be effective for cognitive dysfunctions, memory enhancement training is suggested for treatment. A consensus on the diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment, determining the subgroups and further studies on treatment are necessary.
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PMID:[Mild cognitive impairment]. 1562 11

We studied 200 subjects recruited by general practioners and meeting the seminal criteria for the age-associated memory impairment construct (AAMI). These criteria did not allow to select an homogeneous population. Three groups could be distinguished. First, 18 subjects had apparent psychoaffective disturbances, mainly related to anxiety. Second, 41 subjects had lower memory performance than the other subjects and could be classified as severe AAMI or late-life forgetfulness, former constructs similar to the present construct of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A large majority of subjects (n -/+ 141) had no apparent psychoaffective disturbances and normal memory performance. They could correspond to the proper AAMI construct. Actually, two subgroups could be distinguished in these subjects. Half of them had low cognitive complaints, assessed by the cognitive difficulties scale, compared to those formerly found in a population of 1349 subjects aged over 50, studied by GP, but not specifically recruited on the presence of memory complaints. These subjects could be considered as quite normal subjects. The other half of AAMI subjects had higher scores of memory complaints and more psychoafective disturbances than the subjects of the first group. No relationship was found between subjective complaints and memory performance in the total population as well as in any subgroup. The main correlate of memory complaints was the score on the Zung anxiety scale in the total population, the LLF and the AAMI groups. This study do not support the existence of a specific category of aged subjects intermediate between normal subjects without subjective memory decline and patients with MCI or incipient Alzheimer's disease. Memory complaints appear to be related to psychoaffective disturbances even in subjects with low memory performance.
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PMID:[Memory complaints in 200 subjects meeting the diagnostic criteria for age-associated memory impairment: psychoaffective and cognitive correlates]. 1568 70


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