Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0233794 (memory impairment)
 7,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study suggests that patients receiving daily doses of 40 mg of prednisone or its equivalent, are at greater risk for developing steroid psychosis. Psychotic reactions were twice as likely to occur during the first 5 days of treatment as subsequently. Premorbid personality, history of previous psychiatric disorder, and a history of previous steroid psychosis did not clearly increase the patient's risk of developing psychotic reaction during any given course of therapy. Steroid psychoses present as spectrum psychoses with symptoms ranging from affective through schizophreniform to those of an organic brain syndrome. No characteristic stable presentation was observed in these 14 cases reported here. The most prominent symptom constellation to appear some time during the course of the illness consisted of emotional lability, anxiety, distractibility, pressured speech, sensory flooding, insomnia, depression, perplexity, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, intermittent memory impairment, mutism, disturbances of body image, delusions, apathy, and hypomania. Phenothiazines administered in average daily doses of 212 mg produced excellent response in all patients studied. Of particular note was the fact that tricyclic antidepressants produced an exacerbation or worsening of the clinical state in all patients to whom they were administered.
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PMID:Presentation of the steroid psychoses. 43 94

Forty depressed in-patients for whom electro-convulsive therapy had been prescribed were rated before treatment on depression and anxiety scales. Side effects, post-operative agitation and retrograde memory impairment were assessed in each patient after each of several treatments. Results were compared when no tranquillizer was given and when either diazepam or haloperidol was administered intravenously immediately before the anaesthetic. It was found than when ECT was given without tranquillization, the incidence and severity of post-operative agitation and of side effects were significantly greater in those patients with a high level of anxiety before treatment. Both diazepam and haloperidol were found to be effective in subduing agitation and side effects in anxious, depressed patients, but with diazepam recovery time was longer.
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PMID:Intravenous tranquillization with ECT. 120 56

The clinical correlates of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) functioning were examined in 29 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. The 8:00 a.m. postdexamethasone cortisol levels of these patients were highly correlated with higher agitation scores but not with the degree of depressed mood or memory impairment. The possible neural basis for the association between hypercortisolism and behavioral disturbance in Alzheimer's disease warrants further exploration and replication.
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PMID:Agitation and postdexamethasone cortisol levels in Alzheimer's disease. 155 44

Three studies were conducted on elderly patients with dementia. A case of control study on life styles before falling ill revealed that "intake of sweets" was significantly associated with clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Evaluation of treatments of outpatients suggests that proper care and some kinds of neuroleptics are useful for alleviation of abnormal behavior such as agitation, wandering, hallucination, insomnia and depression, but not for improvement of cognitive function and memory. A study on caregivers of elderly demented patients was undertaken to determine the relationship between the components of burden and symptoms of patients. Insomnia and abnormal behavior of patients correlated with physical and mental components of the burden of caregivers. Memory disturbance, psychological symptoms and deterioration in ADL correlated with physical burden. These studies indicate that symptoms accompanying dementia such as insomnia, wandering, hallucination and agitation should be the treated intensively for the purpose of improvement of the quality of the lives of patients and caregivers.
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PMID:[Prevention and treatment of dementia: what should we do today?]. 194 24

The authors report a case of bupropion-associated delirium characterized by disorganized thinking, memory impairment, fear, and agitation but not disorientation, delusions, hallucinations, or other perceptual distortions. Symptom onset appeared to be dose-related, and a sustained therapeutic response was subsequently obtained at a lower dose of bupropion without recurrence of delirium. Abnormal bupropion metabolism and elevated plasma metabolite levels did not account for the adverse reaction, which instead was hypothesized to reflect dopaminergic effects of bupropion.
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PMID:A case of bupropion-associated delirium. 211 99

Lorazepam 0.05 mg X kg-1 and diazepam 0.1 mg X kg-1 administered intravenously were compared as sedatives for 42 patients undergoing Caesarean Section under epidural anaesthesia. After receiving the drug, 15 per cent of the diazepam patients and 32 per cent of the lorazepam patients were still agitated. Ten per cent of the diazepam patients and 36 per cent of the lorazepam patients had severe symptoms of delirium. These included hallucinations, confusion, agitation, restlessness, inappropriate weeping and repetitive hand movements. Memory impairment was greater with lorazepam. Thirty-five per cent of the diazepam patients had pain at the injection site. None of the lorazepam patients had such pain. Respiratory rate, heart rate and mean blood pressure did not change significantly in either group. Half the patients who had been given lorazepam had side effects that were bothersome enough to cause them to complain the following day. Lorazepam and diazepam were both unsatisfactory as sedatives for patients having Caesarean Section.
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PMID:Lorazepam and diazepam as adjuncts to epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. 612 34

Of a group of 288 depressed female inpatients, 43 (15%) had secondary panic attacks. Compared to other depressives, the subgroup with panic attacks had significantly higher frequencies of anorexia, weight loss, gastrointestinal disturbances, hypochondriasis, and psychomotor agitation, and significantly lower frequencies of melancholic symptoms, including loss of interest in usual activities, guilt feelings, delusional thinking, psychomotor retardation, and orientation or memory impairment. Patients with panic attacks were less likely to have a depressed parent and were more likely to be described as having been nervous, worrisome, sensitive, and sexually dysfunctional before the onset of depression. Phenomenologically, they resembled "anxious depressives" as described by other authors.
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PMID:Depressed women with panic attacks. 646 19

Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily results in memory impairment and cognitive deficits in areas such as language, visuospatial function, calculation, praxis and judgement. However, over 30% of patients with dementia develop a group of secondary behavioural disturbances, including depression, hallucinations and delusions, agitation, insomnia and wandering. Because these secondary symptoms impair patients' function, increase their need for supervision, and often influence the decision to institutionalise them, the control of these symptoms is a priority in managing AD. Psychotropic drugs, particularly antipsychotics (neuroleptics), have been a mainstay in treating many of these symptoms, but carry a high risk of adverse effects. Patients with AD may be particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of medications because of changes in pharmacokinetics and neurotransmitter systems, related to both AD and aging. At present, treating secondary symptoms of AD is more of an art than a science. For virtually every group of symptoms, older and newer classes of medications are available, with proven efficacy in patients without dementia and less clear results in AD patients. We review current treatment options and suggest preferences for each symptom complex, based on a trade-off between efficacy and adverse effects. New agents, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and atypical antipsychotics, may herald the arrival of symptom- (and receptor-) specific drugs with minimal adverse effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adjunctive therapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A practical approach. 757 86

This study evaluated Alzheimer disease (AD) patients' awareness of impairment in several domains, including cognitive, psychiatric, and behavioral functioning. Ratings made by 13 patients with moderate to moderately severe probable AD were compared with ratings made by their relatives using the Cognitive Behavior Rating Scales (Williams et al., 1985; Williams, 1987). Unawareness was defined as the discrepancy between informant and patient ratings. Informants consistently rated patients' impairment as more severe than the patients rated themselves. However, the discrepancy between the ratings was statistically significant only for Language Disorder, Higher Cognitive Deficits, Memory Disorder, Dementia, and Apraxia, and not for Agitation, Need for Routine, Depression, and Disorientation scales. Unawareness was not related to severity of memory impairment, as measured by the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (Wilson et al., 1985). The results of this small, preliminary study of relatively severely impaired AD patients suggest that awareness of psychiatric and behavioral problems may be relatively preserved compared to awareness of cognitive problems. These findings should be replicated with a larger sample with a broader range of severity.
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PMID:Anosognosia in Alzheimer disease. 760 23

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is seldom mentioned in the psychiatric literature and premortem diagnosis is rare. Affective symptoms, agitation, and memory impairment are the core features, which can predate the diagnosis of carcinoma. We report the case of a patient with bronchial carcinoma, whose clinical picture could hardly be distinguished from that of endogenous schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Schizophreniform psychosis in paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis]. 839 60


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