Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0233794 (memory impairment)
 7,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of functional decline in Down syndrome (DS) adults. Acquired cognitive deficits may be difficult to evaluate in the context of baseline impairments. Behavioral symptoms are also common and may represent the effects of depression, AD, or both. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report a clinical case series of selected adults with DS and behavioral change who responded to treatment with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication. Six patients, aged 23 to 63 years, 5 women and 1 man, with the clinical diagnosis of DS presented for diagnosis and treatment of functional decline in adult life. Noncognitive symptoms were prominent and included aggression, social withdrawal, and compulsive behaviors. Memory dysfunction was reported in varying degrees. Treatment with SSRI antidepressants was instituted for depressive, apathetic, and compulsive behaviors. Treated patients showed improvement in behaviors as reported by caregivers, and on objective measures, such as workplace productivity. Noncognitive symptoms are a cardinal feature of functional decline in adults with DS and may represent either depression or AD. In some patients, the symptoms respond well to SSRI agents with concomitant improvement in daily function. Treatment trials with SSRIs may, therefore, be warranted in such cases.
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PMID:Treatment of functional decline in adults with Down syndrome using selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor drugs. 932 31

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder of cognition. Behavioral symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise and methylphenidate (MPH) on activity and spatial learning memory in relation to dopamine synthesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression using spontaneously hypertensive adult male rats. The rats in the MPH-treated group received 1mg/kg MPH orally once a day for 28days. The rats in the treadmill exercise group were made to run on a treadmill for 30min once a day, five times a week, for 28days. Activity was determined by an open-field test and spatial learning memory was evaluated by an 8-arm maze test. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were conducted to examine the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine, and BDNF. The rats in the ADHD group showed hyperactivity and spatial learning memory deficit. Reduction of TH in the striatum and substantia nigra and BDNF in the hippocampus was observed of the rats in the ADHD group. Treadmill exercise and MPH alleviated the ADHD-induced hyperactivity and spatial learning memory impairment. Expressions of TH and BDNF in the ADHD rats were also increased by both treadmill exercise and MPH. These findings provide a possibility that exercise may be used as an effective therapeutic intervention for ADHD patients as MPH treatment.
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PMID:Treadmill exercise and methylphenidate ameliorate symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder through enhancing dopamine synthesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in spontaneous hypertensive rats. 2190 64

Semantic dementia (SD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by selective and progressive semantic memory impairment due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Semantic memory disorders appear in every cognitive fields, be it language or recognition of familiar people and objects. Left-right asymmetry produces a distinctive clinical symptom of anterior temporal lobe atrophy. Progressive gogi (word-meaning) aphasia, i.e., word comprehension deficits with severe anomia, is prominent in left-dominant patients, whereas progressive prosopagnosia, i.e., difficulty recognizing familiar faces, is prominent in right-dominant patients. Loss of semantic memory of objects is observed in advanced stages of the disease. Behavioral symptoms are less prominent in the early stages; however, behavioral changes in patients with gogi aphasia are observed even in their initial visits. In addition to neuroimaging and neuropsychological evaluation of semantic memory, it will be useful if clinicians pay attention to behavioral changes of patients with gogi aphasia.
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PMID:[Evaluation of Semantic Dementia Patient]. 3250 58