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Query: UMLS:C0233794 (memory impairment)
 7,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 18-years-old girl suddenly became comatose and afterwards presented stlpor, complex hyperkinesias and aphonia lasting 15-20 days. The clinical picture was that of an acute encephalopathy which was found to be due to typhoid fever. Follow-up showed severe permanent memory impairment and some degree of mental deterioration, but no longer evidence of basal ganglia signs.
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PMID:[Typhoid encefalopathy followed by permanent memory defects (author's transl)]. 123 6

Lyme borreliosis, a tick-borne multisystem disease, may cause a variety of neurologic complications, including meningoencephalitis and encephalopathy. To evaluate neurobehavioral function following treated Lyme borreliosis, 15 patients with Lyme disease and complaints of persistent cognitive difficulty a mean of 6.7 months following antibiotic treatment underwent neuropsychological evaluation and were compared with 10 healthy controls, matched in aggregate for age and education, who underwent the identical neuropsychological assessment. Compared with controls, patients with Lyme disease exhibited marked impairment on memory tests and particularly on selective reminding measures of memory retrieval. The memory impairment did not correlate with serum or cerebrospinal fluid anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody titers and was not explained by magnetic resonance imaging findings or depression. The cause of this encephalopathy is currently unknown; however, indirect effects of systemic infection or other toxic-metabolic factors may be partly responsible.
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PMID:Cognitive functioning in late Lyme borreliosis. 141 7

Neurotoxic volatile organic solvents used by house and car painters may lead to professional toxic encephalopathy after several years of exposure. The symptoms are memory impairment, fatigue, personality changes, headache and dizziness. Vestibular dysfunction was found in 55% of 113 painters examined, mainly in the form of reduced caloric vestibular reactions. No correlation between vestibular dysfunction and the duration of exposure, cerebral atrophy or intellectual impairment could be demonstrated. Vestibular examination may be helpful in detecting early changes in exposed persons and in determining more accurate safety limits for harmful chemicals.
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PMID:Vestibular dysfunction in occupational chronic solvent intoxication. 697 23

It has become increasingly clear that many cirrhotic patients who do not display overt clinical encephalopathy, on closer examination, do demonstrate significant cognitive impairment, which often goes unrecognised. This "latent" hepatic encephalopathy (LHE) is usually characterised by memory impairment and psychomotor slowing, and is not simply attributable to the effects of alcohol. Structural neuroimaging studies (CT and MRI) have produced conflicting results. Functional neuroimaging studies (PET and SPECT) which have measured regional cerebral blood flow, however, have found evidence of increased regional cerebral activity in sub-cortical areas in LHE patients, with the degree of sub-cortical activity correlated with the severity of neuropsychological impairment.
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PMID:Neuropsychological and neuroimaging aspects of latent hepatic encephalopathy (LHE). 774 99

Evaluation of HIV disease status includes physical examination (anthropomorphic measurements, neurological assessment, etc.) and laboratory examination. Consideration should be given to changes from baseline values, age adjusted normal values and the rapidity of changes. Here we compare results of neuroophthalmologic assessment with Western Blo (WB) profiles in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of 54 children with AIDS. Children were classified by Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) administration in encephalopathy positive (n = 44) and encephalopathy negative (n = 10) groups. Neuroophthalmological examination which included nine items with good test-retest reliability showed that two of them (nystagmus on following and visual memory impairment) appeared early in the encephalopathy free group and correlated with the loss of some gag band in Western Blot (lower gag score). No correlation was however, found with respect to p24 antigen level in cerebrospinal fluid, a marker which reflects CNS viral load.
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PMID:Neuroophthalmological examination in children with AIDS. 782 69

To understand central nervous damage after long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2), 10 patients who had polyneuropathy with various neuropsychiatric symptoms in a viscose rayon plant were studied. Clinical and laboratory examinations including electroencephalography (EEG), brain computed tomography (CT), brain magnetic resonance images (MRI), and carotid duplex sonography were carried out. Clinically, headache, unpleasant dreams, memory impairment, fatigue, anorexia and emotional lability were common in these patients while 2 patients had stroke episodes. EEGs were all normal. Brain CT scan showed mild cortical atrophy in 3 and low density lesions in the basal ganglia in 3. Brain MRI studies also disclosed mild cortical atrophy in 4 and multiple lesions involving the basal ganglia and corona radiata in 4. Carotid duplex sonography revealed mild atherosclerosis with plaques (< 20% stenosis) of extracranial vessels in 6. However there was no significant difference in flow velocities and flow volumes in the extracranial carotid arteries between patients and the normal controls. Interestingly, 2 patients had multiple brain lesions in the subcortical white matter but without strokes. In conclusion, encephalopathy with possible strokes may occur after chronic exposure to CS2, as well as polyneuropathy. The lesions usually involve the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter. Furthermore, MRI study may detect brain lesions particularly in the subcortical white matter areas before the occurrence of stroke.
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PMID:Chronic carbon disulfide encephalopathy. 895 4

Despite rapid dissemination of Borrelia burgdorferi throughout the body following initial inoculation, the clinical manifestations of this illness tend to involve specific organ systems preferentially. The nervous system, in particular, is frequently affected; involvement usually follows one of several distinct patterns. Most commonly, patients develop a lymphocytic meningitis, radiculoneuritis or cranial neuropathy, occurring singly or in combination. Patients with radicular involvement often have a myelopathic component as well. At the other extreme, rare patients will develop focal inflammation of the central nervous system, an encephalomyelitis, that appears to involve white matter more often than grey. More commonly, patients may develop cognitive and memory impairment-a mild encephalopathy. In some patients this may represent a subtle form of encephalomyelitis, while in others it is probably a "toxic-metabolic" effect of systemic infection. Disease variability among patients probably is the result of multiple factors, including bacterial strain differences in virulence and organotropism, inoculum size, host immunity, and simultaneous co-infection with other tick-borne organisms. Accurate diagnosis remains somewhat problematic. The cerebrospinal fluid is almost always abnormal in the presence of active CNS infection. Intrathecal production of specific antibody can be demonstrated in over 90% of patients with meningitis or frank inflammatory encephalomyelitis; in patients with a milder encephalopathy this is less consistently observed. In most instances, diagnosis relies on a combination of demonstration of a specific immune response, and clinical judgment. In patients in whom the diagnosis is secure, appropriate antimicrobial therapy is highly effective in the vast majority of cases, although if there has been significant structural damage to the CNS, some residua may remain.
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PMID:Neuroborreliosis: central nervous system involvement. 916 55

Memory dysfunction is reported in cirrhotics. The aim of this paper was to increase insight into memory function of cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy. Eighty-six consecutive cirrhotics without overt hepatic encephalopathy (aged 54+/-10 yr., mean+/-s.d.) and 28 controls (52+/-10 yr.) with comparable education level were enrolled. Seventeen patients were class A, 55 class B, 14 class C according to Child-Pugh classification; 29 had alcoholic cirrhosis. The presence of subclinical signs of central nervous system dysfunction were assessed by Number Connection Test (NCT) and quantified EEG analysis. Memory scanning was evaluated by reaction times (RTs) in the Sternberg paradigm. MANOVA analysis showed that RTs were higher (F1,99=11, p<0.01) and time outs (TOs) more frequent (F1,110=10, p<0.01) in cirrhotics than in controls, whereas button press errors (BPEs) did not differ significantly (F1,110=2, p=n.s.). In cirrhotics, an interaction Child-Pugh class x memory set size was found (F2,146=4, p<0.05), showing exceedingly delayed RTs with greater memory set size in class C patients. Patients with altered NCT had significantly prolonged RTs (F1,71=4, p<0.05) and more TOs (F1,82=11, p<0.01) than patients with normal NCT. Cirrhotics with altered EEG had significantly prolonged RTs (F2,70=6, p<0.01). RTs were found to be correlated to alpha relative power (r=-0.4, p<0.01) and theta relative power (r=0.4, p<0.01). In conclusion, cirrhotics without over encephalopathy, but with NCT or EEG alterations, perform a computerized digit recognition task more slowly and with higher TOs than cirrhotic patients with normal NCT or EEG. In severe liver insufficiency (class C cirrhotics) also an impairment of memory scanning was detected. Sternberg test performance correlates with NCT and quantitative EEG parameters.
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PMID:Study on the Sternberg paradigm in cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy. 969 23

Cocaine abuse is a well known cause of cerebrovascular complications. An inflammatory vasculopathy hypothesis has been proposed, but the medical literature has only reported a few pathological confirmations. We report a case with a biopsy demonstrating cerebral inflammatory vascular changes that are associated with cocaine abuse. A 21-year-old male, a twice weekly cocaine abuser, developed encephalopathy, apraxia and left hemiparesis with hemisensory loss during the first week after his last cocaine intake; postural tremor and dystonia appeared later. Laboratory data were unrevealing. Cerebral angiography showed a lack of vascularization in the left precentral and central arterial groups. A corticomeningeal cerebral biopsy demonstrated perivascular cell collection and transmural lymphomonocytic infiltration of the small cortical vessels. All symptoms improved with corticosteroid treatment, but 4 years later, the patient returned with a worsening of his encephalopathy and a severe memory impairment, emotional lability and apraxia. A cerebral magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed subcortical and periventricular lesions suggesting ischemic damage in small-size vessel areas as well as cortical atrophy. This new case supports the existence of an encephalopathy associated with vascular inflammatory changes in a cocaine abuser, although more clinical and experimental data are necessary to define its physiopathology.
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PMID:Encephalopathy and biopsy-proven cerebrovascular inflammatory changes in a cocaine abuser. 1021 Aug 20

A 68-year-old man showed signs of dementia after undergoing triple CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass. Brain CT revealed widespread atrophy and lucency in white matter without any sign of stroke. No critical stenosis in cervical vessels was found in duplex scanning. He kept politeness well, but had severe memory impairment. These findings were characteristic of Binswanger type encephalopathy which must have been latent preoperatively. This disease is caused by ischemic damage in brain stem and white matter due mainly to atherosclerotic micro cerebrovasculopathy, and highly related to hypertension. We have to be aware of intracranial cerebrovascular disease when assessing the risk of brain damage in candidates for CABG.
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PMID:[A case report of Binswanger type encephalopathy manifested after coronary artery bypass grafting]. 1080 93


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