Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0233565 (bradykinesia)
 2,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty patients with Parkinson's disease underwent sterotaxic surgery in Edinburgh between 1965 and 1967, and were examined every 2 years for a total follow-up period of 10 years. Although stereotaxic surgery had been extremely effective in treating tremor and rigidity, the other manifestations of Parkinson's disease were noted to progressively affect more patients at each follow-up examination. L-dopa therapy was instituted in 36 patients after 1968. The effect of L-dopa on bradykinesia was remarkable, but the long-term benefit on the other manifestations of Parkinson's disease was negligible. Furthermore in most cases L-dopa became progressively ineffective for bradykinesia after 3 to 5 years. L-dopa-induced tremor and involuntary movements were less frequently noted in limbs contralateral to the side of a previous stereotaxic procedure. It was concluded that in patients presenting with tremor and rigidity as the major problem in their parkinsonian syndrome, the most effective form of palliative therapy is stereotaxic surgery, and that L-dopa should be reserved for the management of bradykinesia.
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PMID:The long-term results of stereotaxic surgery and L-dopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease. A 10-year follow-up study. 699 32

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. This disease is mainly characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability that results primarily from a loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway. MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is well known to damage the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, as seen in Parkinson's disease. Recent evidence shows that glial-related response plays a key role in the MPTP neurotoxic process, and the blockade of glial activation may be a new therapeutic approach to treating Parkinson's disease. In view of these new insights, this article suggests that the overexpression of S100beta protein secreted by glial cells may be an exacerbating factor in the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic cells in MPTP-treated animals. (c) 2002 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
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PMID:Glial Cells as a Target for the Development of New Therapies for Treating Parkinson's Disease. 1267 99

Currently, the most common surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease is deep brain stimulation (DBS). This treatment strategy is typically reserved for bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor in patients who no longer respond to medication in a predictable manner or who suffer medication-induced dyskinesias. In addition to DBS, ablative procedures like radiofrequency, radiosurgery and focused ultrasound are also utilized for select tremor symptoms. In this review, we discuss evolving surgical techniques, targets, and emerging technology. In addition, we evaluate potential paradigm shifts in treatment, including gene therapy, immunotherapy and cell transplantation. While these new techniques and treatment options are still in their infancy, advances in Parkinson's disease treatment are rapidly expanding.
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PMID:Current surgical treatments for Parkinson's disease and potential therapeutic targets. 3010 37