Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0232487 (abdominal discomfort)
 1,724 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical significance of lactose malabsorption and the individual sensitivity to lactose were investigated in 20 patients with verified lactose malabsorption. Thirteen patients were relieved of all symptoms while seven improved only on a lactose-free dth lactose-free milk but following provocation with increasing amounts of lactose, the tendency to diarrhea and abdominal discomfort increased considerably. Three patients experienced discomfort after provocation with only 5 gl lactose. On provocation with increasing amounts of lactose the seven patients who had not recovered also developed increased abdominal discomfort but none of them developed increased tendency to diarrhea. It is concluded that, in addition to lactose malabsorption, these patients must suffer from ittitable colon with tendency to constipation.
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PMID:Individual sensitivity to lactose in lactose malabsorption. 32 Aug 65

Imperforate hymen should be considered in girls of menarcheal age with a history of amenorrhea and vague abdominal discomfort, particularly if associated with symptoms of urinary obstruction or constipation. Patients may present with severe dysmenorrhea and localized pain mimicking appendicitis if hematocolpometra is due to unilaterally imperforate hymen with duplicate vagina and didelphic uterus. Although this condition is exceedingly rare, the case presented stresses the importance of a careful history and physical examination of an adolescent girl presenting with symptoms of abdominal pain associated with menstruation.
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PMID:Didelphic uterus and unilaterally imperforate double vagina as an unusual presentation of right lower-quadrant abdominal pain. 149 48

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is an uncommon condition in which submucosal or subserosal gas cysts are found in the wall of the small or large bowel. Many different causes of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis have been proposed, including mechanical and bacterial causes. Approximately 85% of cases are thought to be secondary to coexisting disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or the respiratory system. Since 1986 we have observed 4 cases of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. A review of the literature is presented with emphasis on the etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. Symptoms of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis include diarrhea, constipation, rectal bleeding, passage of mucus per rectum, vague abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, urgency, malabsorption, weight loss, and excessive flatus. Depending on the location of the gas filled cysts the range of symptoms in each patient may vary enormously.
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PMID:Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: case reports and review of the literature. 210 80

Emesis in chemotherapy containing Cisplatinum (DDP) is still a therapeutical dilemma. Emesis and nausea cause the cessation of a potential curative therapy in up to 10% of patients treated with DDP. We studied the antiemetic effectiveness of the selective Serotonin (5HT3)-receptor-antagonist Ondansetron (GR 38032F, Glaxo) in patients receiving high dose platinum chemotherapy. All patients suffered from severe emesis and were refractory to any standard antiemetic regimen (Metoclopramid). We studied the efficacy of the new drug against acute and delayed emesis following platinum chemotherapy. All adverse events are listed. Thirty four courses (n = 17 patients) of a platinum-containing regimen were analyzed so far. A sufficient antiemetic efficacy was observed in 56% of the courses. In 32 of 34 course (94%) the patients preferred the new drug compared with the standard antiemetic regime (Metoclopramid). In most cases only minor adverse events--which do not require any medical therapy--occurred. The most common adverse events were headache, constipation, dry mouth, abdominal discomfort and elevation of liver enzyme level without any clinical symptoms. One patient needed bowel surgery for severe constipation based on widespread intra-abdominal carcinosis.
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PMID:[Refractory vomiting with cisplatin therapy. Prospective study with the serotonin receptor antagonist GR 38032F]. 215 May 51

10-Edam (10-ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin), an antifolate derivative, was administered to 14 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. The drug was given weekly by intravenous route at an initial dose of 80 mg/m2, with escalation or attenuation according to tolerance. Mucositis was dose limiting and occurred in 11 of 14 patients (78.6%). Removal from the study was required in one patient due to progressive pulmonary fibrosis that was histologically identical to methotrexate-induced lung damage. Toxicity was otherwise mild to moderate and included diarrhea, constipation, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, rash, and fatigue. There were no responses to 10-Edam in this study, 95% confidence interval (0-0.23). Stable disease was achieved in four patients; the remaining 10 patients demonstrated progression within 9 weeks of initiating systemic therapy. 10-Edam employed at this dosage and schedule was not effective as a treatment against advanced colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II trial of 10-Edam in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. 230 19

Sixty-nine patients (mean age 49 +/- 13 years), affected by primary hypercholesterolemia (65 type IIa and 4 type IIb), were treated for 2 years with 12 gr/day cholestyramine subdivided in two doses. Total serum cholesterol decreased from 353 (sd 66) mg/dl to 291 (sd 62) mg/dl (p less than 0.001) at the third month active treatment remaining thereafter constant. Overall, LDL-cholesterol reduced by 30% in cases with a familial form of the metabolic disorder, by 27% and 30% in those with polygenic or indefinite hypercholesterolemia, respectively. HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged during the study whereas serum triglycerides tended toward an increase. The frequency of reported side effects ranged between 11% and 23% of cases. Mostly they were constipation and abdominal discomfort which, however, did not cause a definitive discontinuation of the resin. The favourable side effect profile and the efficacy confirmed that low-dose cholestyramine represents the first choice drug for hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:[Effects of low-dose cholestyramine in long-term therapy of hypercholesterolemia]. 234 62

Abdominal discomfort after eating cowpeas is known to be a major constraint on their greater consumption. Problems associated with cowpea consumption were identified by questionnaire in 448 randomly selected families. Some (28%) of the respondents had never experienced flatulence. Those who did said it occurred when cowpeas were eaten at all (16.7%), as dinner (42%) or without other foods (15%). A subsample of 40 people who complained of serious abdominal discomfort were fed cowpeas cooked by eight different methods at three consecutive dinners for each method. The problems reported were indigestion, vomiting, diarrhoea, increased belching, bad breath, offensive stool, flatulence, constipation, mild abdominal discomfort and sleepiness. Many respondents complained of mild abdominal discomfort with undehulled cowpeas (72.5%) and dehulled cowpeas (42.5%) that had been cooked at atmospheric pressure. Only 12.5% of the respondents complained of discomfort with dehulled cowpeas cooked under extra pressure. Thus, dehulling resulted in substantial reduction in the frequency and incidence of reported discomforts but pressure cooking also had beneficial effects, probably because of the higher cooking temperature attained.
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PMID:Flatulence and other discomforts associated with consumption of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). 259 40

The clinical efficacy and safety of HSR-902 (tiquidium bromide, Thiaton) in patients with spastic pain caused by ureteral stones were evaluated in a double blind comparative trial. A daily dose of 30 mg HSR-902 or 60 mg butylscopolamine bromide as a control drug was orally administered for 7 days. With either drug marked improvement of spastic pain was observed. The time to obtain relief from spastic pain and utility rating were significantly more excellent with HSR-902 than with butylscopolamine bromide. With all other parameters used no significant difference was observed between the two drugs. Mild adverse effects such as abdominal discomfort and constipation were observed in 2 of the 87 cases in the butylscopolamine bromide group but none of the 83 cases in the HSR-902 group. Taking efficacy and safety of the treatment into consideration, no significant difference was observed in usefulness between the two drugs, and we were able to confirm the usefulness of HSR-902 for relief from spastic pain caused by ureteral stones.
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PMID:[A comparative double-blind trial of HSR-902 and butylscopolamine bromide for relieving colic in ureteral stone patients]. 288 61

The efficacy and safety of isradipine (PN 200-110), a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, was evaluated in 87 hypertensive patients in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized multicenter trial. After a 3-week single-blind washout phase, isradipine (or matching placebo) was administered for 4 weeks, beginning at 2.5 mg b.i.d. with increments of 2.5 mg b.i.d. at weekly intervals if supine diastolic blood pressure remained greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg. At the end of 1 week average supine blood pressure in the isradipine group (n = 45) fell from a baseline of 156 +/- 13/104 +/- 4 mm Hg to 146 +/- 14/97 +/- 7 mm Hg. By week 4 blood pressure was reduced by 19/14 mm Hg compared with 4/5 mm Hg in the placebo group (P less than 0.001 between groups). Supine and standing pulse rates were slightly increased initially with isradipine therapy but returned to baseline with increasing isradipine doses. Blood pressure responses at week 4 were good or excellent (supine diastolic less than or equal to 90 mm Hg or greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg decrease from baseline) in 87% of isradipine-treated patients and in 26% of placebo-treated patients. Headache, edema, abdominal discomfort, and constipation occurred slightly more frequently in isradipine-treated patients than in placebo-treated control subjects. The results indicate that isradipine, administered as monotherapy in doses of 2.5 to 10 mg b.i.d., is safe and effective in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:Evaluation of isradipine (PN 200-110) in mild to moderate hypertension. 295 26

It is estimated that there are approximately six million patient-years of clinical experience with fenofibrate among physicians outside of the United States. A review of the European literature and unpublished studies supplied by the manufacturer (Laboratoires Fournier, Dijon, France) has been compiled with the data recently reported from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study completed in the United States. In general, fenofibrate has been found to reduce serum triglyceride levels by 30 to 60 percent in patients with type II B and IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Serum cholesterol levels were also reduced by 20 to 25 percent in this group of hypertriglyceridemic patients. A similar reduction in serum cholesterol levels was also found in type II A patients (normal triglyceride levels). Low-density lipoprotein levels were usually reduced in those patients with elevated levels and high-density lipoprotein levels increased when baseline levels were low. Fenofibrate also produced a 10 to 28 percent reduction in uric acid that was sustained for years. The incidence of unwanted effects ranged from 2 to 15 percent in the open trials lasting from a few months up to six years. Gastrointestinal problems (abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and constipation) are most common, occurring in approximately 5 percent of patients. Reports including fatigue, headache, loss of libido, impotence, dizziness, and insomnia were grouped as neurologic and occurred with a total incidence of 3 to 4 percent. In about 1 percent of patients, muscle tenderness developed, often accompanied by elevated creatine phosphokinase levels. These and the gastrointestinal problems occurred with a similar frequency in the placebo-treated cohort in controlled studies. In approximately 2 percent of patients, a skin rash developed, an incidence that appears significantly higher than that of placebo control groups. Liver changes in rodents have included marked peroxisome proliferation and increased hepatic carcinomas with very high doses. In humans, only a small increase in incidence of elevated levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase seems to be present and is not clearly different from that of the control groups. Alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and bilirubin levels are often decreased with no known undesirable effects. Investigations into the lithogenicity of bile indicated a significant increase in five studies. However, there has been no evidence of a significant rise in the incidence of cholelithiasis in the clinical trials completed to date.
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PMID:Comparative toxicity and safety profile of fenofibrate and other fibric acid derivatives. 331 50


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