Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0231835 (tachypnea)
 2,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The process of adaptation for extrauterine life can be easily disturbed by respiratory insufficiency. The surfactant deficiency as well as anatomical and physiological immaturity of a newborn can be considered as etiological factors in some diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnoea (TT) syndrome, segmental atelectasis or pneumonia complicated by atelectasis. The widespread used method of treatment is based on mechanical increase of difference between alveolar and atmospheric pressure. So-called constant distending pressure (CDP) increases functional residual capacity (FRC), keeps alveoli open and finally increases oxygenation of arterial blood. During 3 years period continuous positive airway pressure by nasal route (n-CPAP) was used as only one method in 26 newborns. The newborns were treated because of RDS (15 cases) and pneumonia with atelectasis (11 cases). n-CPAP was starting with pressure 8 cm H2O (0.8 kPa) and FIO2 0.5, if atelectasis with severe dyspnea, hypoxia and forced hyperventilation were found. This method was very well tolerated. 22 newborns treated for 2-7 days--survived, 4 small-for-date babies--died. The most common cause of death was septicaemia complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. The moderate hyperbilirubinemia, oliguria with tissue oedema was observed in many cases. The light nostril decubitus were only complications. No pneumothorax was detected. We found n-CPAP as a simple, safe method in treatment of atelectasis in newborns.
 ...
PMID:[Continuous positive pressure respiration by nasal route (n-CPAP) as a preferred treatment method in various types of acute respiratory insufficiency in newborn infants]. 637 92

Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.
 ...
PMID:Practical toxicologic diagnosis. 649 3

There is almost universal agreement that neither beta 2-agonists, theophyllin nor steroids, given either by inhalation or systemically, have any effect on lung function in acute bronchiolitis of infancy. As ipratropium bromide appears to be a more effective bronchodilator drug than beta 2-stimulants in the first year of life, a study was set up to investigate its possible role in bronchiolitis. Diagnostic requirements for inclusion in the study were tachypnoea, hyperinflation recession, and the presence of fine crepitations on auscultation with a chest X-ray which excluded either heart failure or gross pneumonia. Twenty-five infants were recruited in the preliminary study. A respiratory jacket and water filled oesophageal catheter (feeding tube) were used to measure the work of breathing per minute and per litre of expired gases. After baseline readings the infants received salbutamol (2.5 mg), ipratropium bromide (250 micrograms) or placebo in 2 ml volumes using a standard nebuliser. The salbutamol and water were associated with an increase in the work of breathing of 4% and 22% respectively. The ipratropium therapy led to a fall of 18% with a significant response in 6 of 15 infants studied. Following these encouraging results, a double blind study was set up assessing the effects of nebulised ipratropium bromide (250 micrograms) and nebulised saline given every 6 hours to 66 infants admitted to the ward with acute bronchiolitis. Response to therapy was determined using symptom scores and need for nebulised therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Role of anticholinergic agents in acute bronchiolitis in infants]. 763 57

Appropriate and early treatment with exogenous surfactant has clinical and economic benefits for neonates with pulmonary surfactant deficiency. In order to rapidly and reliably identify such neonates, we have evaluated the shake and click tests, biophysical tests of surfactant function, using 0.2 mL samples of tracheal (TA) and gastric aspirates (GA). Samples from 181 neonates with a gestational age range of 24-40 weeks were shaken with 95% ethanol. If bubbles formed (positive shake test) they were examined in air-free water under a microscope. In a positive shake or click test, the bubbles rhythmically increase and then decrease in size, denoting the presence of active surfactant. The probability of the tests to predict clinical surfactant deficiency was analyzed. The latter was defined as respiratory distress syndrome or transient tachypnea of the newborn diagnosed by chest radiography and clinical criteria. The click test on TA from preterm infants was most accurate, with a 100% positive predictive value and specificity, and a 93% and 94% negative predictive value and sensitivity respectively. These values for GA were 73%, 84%, 97%, and 95%, respectively. The test is quick, simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and unaffected by contamination with blood. The accuracy of this test on TA in diagnosing surfactant deficiency in neonates would permit early and optimal treatment with exogenous surfactant. When performed on GA, the test could aid decisions regarding transfer of neonates to tertiary level care.
 ...
PMID:"Click test": rapid diagnosis of the respiratory distress syndrome. 809 Jun 9

Respiratory distress that leads to death is seen in patients with Lassa fever. The development of this respiratory problem was studied using a Pichinde virus model (10(4) plaque forming units, IP, survival time 20 +/- 1 days) in strain 13 guinea pigs (n = 35, 229-353 g) of this lethal human contagious infectious disease. Extravascular lung water to bloodless dry lung weight (EVLW/BDLW) ratio showed a modest yet significant increase in animals 13 and 18-21 days postinoculation (PI). In contrast, residual lung blood and lung radioactive 125I-labeled human serum albumin activity index were elevated only in the 18- to 21-day group. These data are consistent with the progressive severity of perivascular edema, lymphocytic pneumonitis, and some alveolar protein between days 13 and 18-21 PI. Lymphocytic pneumonitis appeared to be distributed near most airways and was proportional to the degree of Pichinde virus antigen staining of alveolar macrophages, large mononuclear cells within the pulmonary vascular and extravascular spaces, and alveolar-capillary membranes. These findings suggest that lymphocyte recruitment to the lung reflects the Pichinde virus-induced cell-mediated immune response. Obstructed small bronchi with some lumenal cell debris and hypertrophied epithelial cells were found associated with the areas of marked pneumonitis. The severe hypoxemia and modest anaerobic metabolism in association with marked tachypnea and normocapnia are consistent with small airway obstruction and wasted ventilation, since no change in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, or blood volume was noted. These data suggest that Pichinde virus-induced respiratory failure was due to obstruction of the small airways with wasted ventilation in association with lymphocytic pneumonitis.
 ...
PMID:Pichinde virus-induced respiratory failure due to obstruction of the small airways: structure and function. 828 16

A study of the effect of montirelin hydrate (NS-3), a new drug for the treatment of disturbance of consciousness, during the period of organogenesis was conducted in New Zealand white rabbits. Female rabbits were given the drug intravenously at dose levels of 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg from day 6 to day 18 of pregnancy. Female rabbits were sacrificed on day 29 of pregnancy for examination of their fetuses. In the 0.1 mg/kg group, food consumption decreased slightly. In the 1 mg/kg group, tachypnea, salivation and rhinorrhea were observed, and body weight and food consumption decreased and water consumption increased. The drug had no effect on the number of corpora lutea and implantations, or on fetal mortality, on fetal body weights, on placental weight, on sex ratio, or on external, visceral and skeletal development of the fetuses. These results show that the NOAEL of montirelin hydrate are 0.1 mg/kg for general toxicity in mother animals, and 1 mg/kg for pregnancy of mother animals and for development of fetuses.
 ...
PMID:[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of montirelin hydrate (3)--Teratogenicity study in rabbits by intravenous administration]. 901 63

Pulmonary surfactant dysfunction (inactivation, deficiency) has been implicated in term neonates with respiratory failure. This study has evaluated the click test, a biophysical test for surfactant function, which will be useful in rapidly and reliably identifying term neonates with surfactant dysfunction. Samples of tracheal and or gastric aspirates (0.2 ml) from 55 neonates, varying from 36 to 42 weeks of gestational age, with respiratory distress and fractional inspired oxygen concentration requirements of > 0.5 were shaken with 95% ethanol. Once bubbles formed the samples were examined in air-free water under a microscope. In a positive click test, the bubbles rhythmically increase and then decrease in size, denoting the presence of active surfactant. When few bubbles were observed, the specimen was labelled as equivocal, and if none were seen, it was called negative. Surfactant dysfunction (negative or equivocal test) was consistently seen in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea of the newborn, and severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Preliminary data suggest that the click test will provide a rapid and early diagnosis of surfactant dysfunction in term neonates. This should facilitate early treatment with exogenous surfactant in RDS, by early diagnosis of surfactant deficiency, and provide justification for immediate and ongoing surfactant treatment in newborns with MAS. The click test can provide a diagnostic tool for surfactant dysfunction and deficiency in randomized controlled trials of therapy in those disease states in which exogenous surfactant therapy may be useful.
 ...
PMID:Prediction of surfactant dysfunction in term infants by the click test. 914 Nov 14

Radical-scavenging antioxidants, as part of the cellular defense system, function to inhibit the formation and propagation of free radicals and active oxygen species formation. In previous studies we demonstrated that endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes oxidative stress and associated pathological changes in a rat model and that use of selected antioxidants was effective in reducing LPS-related lipid peroxidation product formation in the liver, as well as LPS-related pathological changes in different organs. In this study, several toxicological parameters (ie, clinical signs, blood chemistry, and histopathological changes) were compared among groups of male New Zealand rabbits injected with LPS following prophylactic pretreatment with either of 2 antioxidants, a group injected with LPS without pretreatment with antioxidants, groups injected with either of the 2 antioxidants only, and an untreated control group. The antioxidants used were a water-soluble natural antioxidant (NAO) from spinach and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin. Exposure to LPS alone was associated clinically with depression, tachypnea, outer ear vasodilation, and iris congestion; biochemically with a significant increase in blood total bilirubin, transaminase activity, and glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; macroscopically with multiple whitish areas in the liver; and histologically with hepatocellular focal necrosis and acute inflammation, thymic and splenic lymphoid necrosis and depletion, acute uveitis and hemorrhages in the ciliary processes, and decreased adrenal cortical cytoplasmic vacuolation considered consistent with depletion of steroidal hormone contents. The NAO had more effective prophylactic capacities than the apocynin. The protective effects were obvious in all investigated parameters. The results indicate the possible therapeutic efficacy of NAO in the treatment of clinical endotoxemia associated with gram-negative bacterial sepsis that is known to be associated with oxidative stress.
 ...
PMID:The prophylactic effects of natural water-soluble antioxidant from spinach and apocynin in a rabbit model of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. 1093 47

Congestive heart failure describes a syndrome with complex and variable symptoms and signs, including dyspnea, increased fatigability, tachypnea, tachycardia, pulmonary rales, and peripheral edema. Although this syndrome usually is associated with low cardiac output, it may occur in a number of so-called high output states, when the cardiac output is normal or greater than normal. A high output state may occur in chronic severe anemia, large arteriovenous fistula or multiple small arteriovenous shunts as in Paget's bone disease, some forms of severe hepatic or renal disorders, and acutely in septic shock. The syndrome of systemic congestion in a high output state is traditionally referred to as high output heart failure. However, the term is a misnomer because the heart in these conditions is normal, capable of generating very high cardiac output. The underlying problem in high output failure is a decrease in the systemic vascular resistance that threatens the arterial blood pressure and causes activation of neurohormones, resulting in an increase in salt and water retention by the kidney. Many of the high output states are curable conditions, and because they are associated with decreased peripheral vascular resistance, the use of vasodilator therapy for treatment of congestion may aggravate the problem. There are other clinically important issues in high output failure that have received little attention in the current medical literature. This article reviews the available data on high output cardiac failure with particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms and treatment.
 ...
PMID:High Output Cardiac Failure. 1124 61

A prospective study was conducted over 4 years to evaluate the children with kerosene ingestion in northern Jordan. One hundred and twenty children aged 11 months to 6 years (mean age 2.2) were studied. The majority of patients (90%) were below the age of 4. Most of the cases (42%) were seen during the summer season. The most common presenting symptoms were: cough (70.6%); tachypnoea (59.6%), and fever (55.1%). In 25 patients the parents had induced vomiting before arrival. The main sites of storage for kerosene were: under stairs (36.7%); the kitchen; (33.3%) and bathroom (11.7%). The main containers used were soft drink bottles, water jugs and water glasses. The patients were treated symptomatically, and all except one who was comatose on admission made a complete recovery. Health education and preventive measures are given.
 ...
PMID:Kerosene poisoning in children: a report from northern Jordan. 1199 Oct 21


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>