Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0231835 (tachypnea)
 2,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PAH clearance was carried out in 12 newborns, hospitalized in the infantile resuscitation unit for respiratory distress. 6 of these children weighed less than 2.5 kg, 4 had hyaline membrane disease, 6 had either amniotic abnormalities or transitory tachypnea, 2 were surgical patients: one right diaphragmatic hernia, one post-operative respiratory complication after intervention for neonatal occlusion. In 9 cases the newborn was under controled artificial ventilation associated with PEEP at 5 to 7 cm of water. In all of the cases, the hemodynamic, metabolic and blood gas conditions were normal. A control series of 11 newnorn was carried out in a pediatric unit, the clearance was done without urine samples, the rough value of the figures found varied from 5.5 ml per minute to 30 ml per minute in the respiratory distress series and 16 to 62 ml per minute in the control series. The analysis of these results in rendered difficult by the juxtaposition of several factors: Choice of a reference criterion: body surface area, PAH space, patient's weight theoretical weight of the kidneys. The factor of prematurity. The problem of the date of the investigation in comparison with the date of birth.
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PMID:[PAH clearance measurement without urine samples in the newborn infant with respiratory distress]. 0 69

An attempt has been made in the present report to evaluate quantitatively the sensory activity in both vagal nerves of control rats and rats with experimental lung inflammation, by employing the integration technique. We evaluated background vagal nerve activity, resting respiration and activity during inflation at constant pressures of 5 to 20 cm of water. It was found that integrated vagal respiratory activity cannot be assessed in absolute units under our experimental conditions, because of the large scatter of data. However, when the integrated values were related, for example, to resting respiration (in percentage), it was possible to compare some respiratory parameters in control, healthy rats of the Wistar strain and rats with lung inflammation. While background activity in control rats represents 75.9% of resting respiration, this parameter is significantly higher both in rats with 2-day carrageenin lung inflammation and those intoxicated with paraquat. Lung inflation at pressures 5, 10, 15, 20 cm H2O increased vagal activity linearly both in control and the two experimental groups with the degree of lung inflation. However, values in experimental animals corresponding to those of the control group were not reached until higher inflation pressures. From the functional aspect, experimental rats had characteristic tachypnoea which returns to control values after bilateral vagotomy. Since it was found that lung compliance was significantly decreased in both carrageenin and paraquat lung processes, it is being suggested that the diminished activity from lung receptors during inflation is due to mechanical properties of the lung tissue, namely lowered lung compliance.
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PMID:Changes in integrated vagal afferent activity induced by model lung diseases in rats. 14 74

To study pulmonary transvascular filtration of fluid and the normal adaptive response of newborn animals to excessive water in the lungs, we measured lung lymph flow, pulmonary vascular pressures, and the concentration of protein in lymph and plasma of nine unanesthetized 1- to 3-wk-old lambs, before, during, and after a rapid iv infusion of isotonic saline, 130-250 ml/kg.hr for 3-4 hr. During infusions, lung vascular pressures increased, the transvascular gradient of protein osmotic pressure decreased, and there was a 2- to 5-fold increase of lung lymph flow. When infusions stopped, lymph flow decreased, as the concentration of protein in plasma increased and pulmonary vascular pressures decreased to new steady-state levels. The concentration of protein in lymph did not change for several hours after the infusions. Body weight increased by 28% and extravascular lung water content was 19% above normal after saline; these changes were associated with mild tachypnea, hypercarbia, and hypoxemia. Sections of lung from these lambs had prominent cuffs of fluid surrounding large blood vessels.
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PMID:Lung fluid balance in awake newborn lambs with pulmonary edema from rapid intravenous infusion of isotonic saline. 50 55

The dynamic work of breathing (Wdyn) has been measured during thermal tachypnea in pig anaesthetized and tracheotomized. During euthermia Wdin(cm H2O/R1/min-1) increases with ventilation (L.P.S.) according to Wdyn = 1,09 V2 + 1,33 V3; when body temperature rose above 39 degrees C for a given ventilation Wdyn decreases. In all animals has been observed a change of airways size and probably of respiratory tract of Weibel.
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PMID:[Respiratory work in panting in swine]. 55 29

Subacute toxicity test of AMI-U-II was carried out using male and female JCL:SD rats. The animals were given intravenously AMI-U-II (80, 40 and 20ml/kg) or reference solution (80 and 40ml/kg) for five weeks. Tachypnea, depression of spontaneous activity, blepharoptosis and edema of face were observed in rats treated with AMI-U-II or reference solution at highest dose. Food consumptions and gaining body weight were slightly reduced in male of these animals, but water intakes were increased in both sexes. Autopsies of the animals which died during five weeks showed pulmonary congestion and/or edema, ascites and pleural effusion. Microscopically, hydropic degeneration of liver cells and dilation of renal tubules and Bowman's capsules were shown. It seems likely that most of these findings were caused by hypervolumic administration of amino acid solution.
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PMID:[Subacute toxicity test of AMI-U-II, a new amino acid solution for renal failure (author's transl)]. 74 67

During aestivation, the breathing pattern of the lungfish changed from the usual aquatic pattern of a single breath followed by prolonged apnea to the pattern of alternating tachypnea and apnea that characterizes Cheyne-Stokes breathing. As aestivation continued, the number of breaths per tachypneic period increased gradually to reach a steady level at about the 3rd mo. During the bouts of tachypnea, minute ventilation increased because of the increase in respiratory frequency even though tidal volumes decreased. Ventilation of the lungs during aestivation appeared to involve the same mechanism as during life in water, i.e., a buccal force pump. The breathing cycle began with the aspiration of air into the mouth as the buccal cavity enlarged. Lung deflation then occurred abetted by contraction of the abdominal muscles. Lung inflation followed and involved the "swallowing" of air form the posterior buccal region into the lungs. Cycles of deflation and partial inflation of the lungs were repeated 8-40 times (tachypneic period). At the end of the tachypneic cycle, after the last deflation, a series of larger buccal force-pump maneuvers reinflated the lungs before the start of the apneic period.
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PMID:Analysis of lung ventilation in the aestivating lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus. 92 Aug 28

1. The effects of increased ambient temperature (Ta) on blood-flow and -temperatures of the tongue were studied in the unanaesthetized dog. At Ta of 20 degrees C and a relative humidity (rh) of 30% the mean lingual blood flow was 11 ml-min-1 (0.15 ml-g-1-min-1) and the temperature difference between the lingual artery and vein (deltaTLAV) was 1.0 degrees C. Accordingly, a heat loss of 48.6 J-min-1 was calculated even for the dog breathing with the mouth closed. When Ta was elevated to 38 degrees C at constant rh, panting ensued. In parallel fashion lingual blood flow increased to 60.4 ml-min-1 (0.81 ml-g-1-min-1) in mean and to 74.7 ml-min-1 (0.99 ml-g-1-min-1) at peak rate of thermal tachypnoea (272 breaths-min-1). This flow increase resulted from a decrease in the local vascular resistance since the driving systemic pressure remained constant. It was accompanied by an increase in TLAV to 1.5 degrees C equivalent to a heat loss of 400.7J-min-1 in mean and 496.2J-min-1 at maximum respiratory rate. 2. The preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) region was heated with a water perfused thermode in urethane anaesthetized dogs at constant body temperature in order to study the relationship in time between the increase in lingual blood flow and the onset of thermal panting. Lingual blood flow was found to be 20 ml-min-1 at a respiratory rate of 60 breaths/min. During hypothalamic heating both respiratory rate and lingual blood flow increased markedly. At maximum respiratory rates (244 breaths-min-1) lingual blood flow reached a level of 60 ml-min-1. When perfusion of the thermode was stopped, both respiratory rate and lingual blood flow synchronously returned to control values within 5 min. Similar changes did not occur in dogs in which a ventilatory response failed to be elicited during hypothalamic heating. 3. The results suggest that the tongue contributes to the evaporative heat loss mechanism and they confirm the concept that panting, associated with increased lingual blood flow, is induced by a common autonomic outflow pattern which is mediated by the central mechanism controlling thermal homeostasis.
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PMID:Lingual blood flow and its hypothalamic control in the dog during panting. 103 83

1. Rabbits were clipped and exposed in turn to four environmental conditions: control (C), cold exposure (CE), water deprivation (WD) and water deprivation and cold exposure together (WD/CE). 2. Following each type of treatment, the rabbits were exposed for 1 hr to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 35 degrees C. During this time, respiratory frequency (RF), rectal temperature (Tre), activity and oxygen consumption (V02) were recorded. 3. It was found that under both cold exposure and water deprivation conditions, the mean respiratory frequency during the first 30 min of heat exposure was reduced when compared with controls. This was associated with a delay in the onset of thermal tachypnoea. Under conditions of water deprivation and cold exposure together, the mean respiratory frequency was further reduced and the length of the delay was increased. 4. Previous cold exposure led to an increase in the V02 measured at 35 degrees C, whereas the V02, after water deprivation and water deprivation and cold exposure together were not significantly different from the control. 5. Neither the initial Tre nor the change in the Tre during the course of the heat exposure were significantly different from the controls under any of the experimental conditions. 6. It is concluded that both water deprivation and previous cold exposure cause a block to panting in the heat and that the blocking mechanisms involved are closely interrelated. It is also concluded that neither the metabolic rate of the animal nor its initial or final Tre are important factors in determing the degree to which thermal tachypnoea is inhibited.
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PMID:Inhibition of thermal tachypnoea in rabbits following exposure to cold and water deprivation. 120 41

Five children (four boys and one girl) with chronic renal failure (CRF) developed congestive heart failure 0.5 to 11 years after the onset of the disease. Their ages were from 4 to 13 years old. They noticed tachypnea, tachycardia, cough, chest anxiety, general fatigue and their chest X-rays showed cardiomegaly with cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) of from 55 to 63% and pulmonary congestion. Their echocardiograms showed no cardiomuscular hypertrophy, but the dilatation of left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDd), and the decreased ejection fraction (EF) were observed. They were treated with water restriction, antihypertensive agents, cardiotonics and dialysis. Their clinical symptoms improved promptly, but their cardiomegary and echocardiographic findings improved gradually. The causes of heart failure in these patients seemed to be due to uremia, fluid overload and hypertension. The echocardiographic examination was useful for the management of the children with CRF in heart failure.
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PMID:[Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in the children of chronic renal failure with cardiomegary]. 129 69

We attempted to clarify the renal physiologic response to arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the 12 sick neonates: three with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), three with meconium aspiration syndrome, two with transient tachypnea of the newborn, two with neonatal asphyxia, and two low birthweight infants during the first 2 days of life. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), urinary AVP, osmolality, free water clearance and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were measured at 8 to 16 hours of life (stage 1) and 24 to 32 hours of life (stage 2). Urinary AVP was expressed as the ratio of AVP to Ccr (urine AVP/Ccr). These subjects were divided into two groups: group A represented five infants with a urine AVP/Ccr ratio of 2000 or higher and group B, seven infants with a ratio of less than 2000 at stage 1. Hyponatremia occurred in two infants of group A at stage 2. Number of infants on mechanical ventilation was four in group A and one in group B. There were no significant differences in gestational age, birthweight, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, blood gas pH and mean arterial blood pressure between groups A and B. A good correlation was observed between logarithm of urine AVP/Ccr ratio and urinary osmolality (p < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between logarithm of urine AVP/Ccr ratio and free water clearance (p < 0.01). Body weight of infants of group A at stage 2 was greater than at stage 1 (p < 0.05). Higher plasma ANF concentrations were observed in infants of group A at stage 2 when compared with those at stage 1 (p < 0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary arginine vasopressin excretion and hyponatremia in the sick neonates. 141 26


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