Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0231835 (tachypnea)
 2,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An infant is described who presented a complex cardiopulmonary problem which was evaluated with the help of new physiological techniques. the infant was born at term after an emergency Caesarian section for fetal distress and was found to have meconium aspiration. He remained persistently tachypnoeic and hypoxic despite high ambient oxygen. Chest radiography suggested cystic lesions at the lung bases, and lung function tests confirmed hyperinflation with delayed nitrogen washout. In addition the child had signs of Fallot's tetralogy, and this diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Because of persistent hypoxia and tachypnoea disproportionate to the cardiac condition, the possibility of localized lung disease was considered. Regional lung function tests were carried out in the neonatal period and again at six months of age useing radioisotopic 13N given by both inhalation and injection. These studies showed gross ventilation/perfusion imbalance in the lungs, particularly marked at the bases, but with enough generalized abnormality to preclude the possibility of surgical intervention. The principles of the measurement of lung mechanics in the newborn by whole-body plethysmography, nitrogen washout, and regional radioisotopic spirometry are outlined. The particular value of these techniques in the evaluation of complex disorders is discussed, especially where both cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities are present.
 ...
PMID:Generalized pulmonary hyperinflation and Fallot's tetralogy in a neonate investigated by pulmonary physiological and radioisotopic methods. 117 30

Twenty-one infants with tachypnea (f greater than 60/min) lasting more than 2 h and diagnosed as mild respiratory disease or pulmonary maladaptation according to previously presented criteria were studied during the course of the disease and after clinical recovery. Lung physiology (total and alveolar ventilation, efficiency and distribution of ventilation, functional residual capacity, and lung mechanics) was studied in combination with clinical data. The pathophysiological findings were characterized by increased total ventilation but normal alveolar ventilation, reduced efficiency of ventilation but more even distribution of ventilation (nitrogen elimination pattern) during disease than after clinical recovery, hyperinflation, reduced dynamic lung compliance but unaffected specific lung conductance. Infants with low gestational ages were most severely affected and had longer duration of disease than full-term infants. Our findings suggest that this condition is caused by small airway disease. Disturbances in normal pulmonary adaptation with abnormal retention of lung fluid is the most probable cause.
 ...
PMID:Lung function in newborn infants with tachypnea of unknown cause. 368 86

New glutarimide compounds were synthesized by incorporating piperidine (compounds 1 to 7), diethylamine (8 and 9), morpholine moities (10 to 13), and alkyl derivatives of 3,5 dicyanoglutarimide (14 to 20) at position -1 of the nitrogen atom. Only compounds 1 to 7 at a dose of 8 mg/kg i.p. caused hypermotility, ataxia, tachypnoea and mild tremors in mice. At higher doses (32 mg/kg i.p.), all compounds induced tonic and clonic convulsions, respiratory paralysis and death. The LD50 values of compounds 1 to 20 in mice range from 152 to 488 mg/kg i.p. and for compounds 21 to 23, the p.o. values are 484, 500 and 525 mg/kg. The relative toxicity of compounds 1 to 7 and 14 to 20 showed inverse ratio in their numbers. Basic compounds 21 to 23 at high dose levels (64 mg/kg i.p.) induced only hypnotic depression. No change was observed in organ-wise histopathological study except patchy necrosis at the site of injection of basic compounds. The CNS pharmacological studies were negative with reference to anti-convulsion, analgesic, antipyretic tests by conventional methods except at higher doses (32 or 64 mg/kg i.p.), which exhibited synergistic effects in mice and rats.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacology of new glutarimide compounds. 387 5

To study the effect of hypercapnia on net transvascular filtration of fluid in newborn lungs, we measured pulmonary arterial and left pressures and collected lung lymph from 11 awake 2-wk-old lambs as they spontaneously breathed a gas mixture rich in carbon dioxide. After a 2-h control period in air, the lambs breathed 8-11% carbon dioxide mixed with air and nitrogen for 2-6 h. Average pulmonary arterial pressure and blood flow to the lungs increased during hypercapnia, but pulmonary vascular resistance did not change. In all cases, hypercapnia led to an acute transient increase in lymph flow. During sustained hypercapnia, however, flow of lymph was not significantly different from flow measured during the control period. The concentration of protein in lymph decreased at the onset of hypercapnia and remained low during sustained hypercapnia. These results suggest that acute hypercapnia increases net filtration by increasing the transvascular gradient of hydraulic pressure, whereas, in a "steady-state," neither hypercapnia nor the tachypnea that accompanies it alters net transvascular filtration of fluid in the lungs of unanesthetized newborn animals.
 ...
PMID:Effect of hypercapnia on net filtration of fluid in the lungs of awake newborn lambs. 726 49

Studies on the effect of fleece length (5 and 85 mm) and feed intake (1 and 2 kg/day) were conducted in 9- to 10-month-old wether lambs kept at 2 environmental temperatures (-12.3 and 17.8 C). Digestion coefficients were lower (P less than 0.05) at the high level of intake and in cold-exposed lambs. Rectal temperature was lower (P less than 0.05) in lambs kept at - 12.3 C. Respiration rate increased (P less than 0.05) with increasing environmental temperature and higher feed consumption. Blood glucose and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations were not affected by feed intake level or fleece length. Glucose was higher (P less than 0.05) and plasma was lower (P less than 0.05) in lambs at low temperatures. Serum-free fatty acids were increased (P less than 0.05) in lambs given the low feeding level and kept at the low temperature. Plasma thyroxine and protein-bound iodine concentrations were lower (P less than 0.10) in full-fleeced lambs and were higher (P less than 0.05) at the low temperature.
 ...
PMID:Responses of shorn and full-fleeced lambs given two levels of feed intake and exposed to warm and cold temperatures. 734 May 83

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) frequently occurs after sepsis and major trauma. Since both sepsis and trauma may cause activation of the complement system, we have infused rabbits with complement-activated plasma (AP) and have studied the effects on leukocyte counts, respiratory rate, PaO2, and lung morphology. Sustained AP infusion caused: (1) early granulocytopenia, (2) progressive hypoxemia and tachypnea, and (3) pulmonary vascular plugging by aggregates of degenerating granulocytes with interstital edema and endothelial injury. These changes were not observed in control animals infused with unactivated plasma or in animals rendered leukopenic with nitrogen mustard. Complement activation in patients with sepsis and trauma may be an etiologic factor in the development of ARDS.
 ...
PMID:Production of acute pulmonary injury by leukocytes and activated complement. 738 23

Single dose toxicity studies of T-3761 were carried out in mice, rats and dogs, and the following results were obtained. 1. The approximate lethal dose of T-3761 were more than 5,000 mg/kg for mice and rats, more than 2,000 mg/kg for dogs with oral administration, and more than 5,000 mg/kg for mice and rats with subcutaneous injection. LD50 values with intravenous injection were 783 mg/kg for male mice, 832 mg/kg for female mice, 341 mg/kg for male rats, and 403 mg/kg for female rats. Two dogs given 200 mg/kg did not die but one of the two treated with 400 mg/kg died after intravenous injection. The approximate lethal dose for dog was 400 mg/kg. 2. Neither abnormal symptoms and macroscopic findings nor deaths were observed in mice and rats treated orally. Granuloma around precipitates of T-3761 at the injection site was seen in mice and rats injected subcutaneously. Slight increase of white blood cell count, serum GOT, CPK and urea nitrogen were transiently found in dogs treated orally. Neither abnormal macroscopic findings nor deaths were observed in dogs treated orally. 3. Decreased motor activity and irregular breathing were observed in mice and rats injected intravenously. In dying animals, tonic or clonic convulsions were observed. Vomiting, hyperemia of ophthalmic mucosa, edema of face, decrease of motor activity, salivation and decrease in body temperature were observed in dogs injected intravenously. At higher doses, scream and tachypnea were observed while injecting. Hematological examinations disclosed that increases in red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin were found transiently. In biochemical examinations, increases in serum GOT, GPT, urea nitrogen and creatinine were found transiently. One dog intravenously injected 400 mg/kg, showed tonic convulsion and died.
 ...
PMID:[Single administration toxicity studies of T-3761 in mice, rats and dogs]. 766 80

1. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of an aortocaval fistula (1 mm) on cardiorenal haemodynamics, cardiac hypertrophy and neurohumoral factors in spontaneously hypertensive rats and to compare the results with those observed in Wistar rats at 2 weeks after fistulae placement. Sham-operated spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar rats served as controls. 2. Heart weight was significantly increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats (34%) and in Wistar rats (43%) at 2 weeks after fistula creation. Left ventricular systolic pressure and dp/dtmax. were significantly decreased (both P < 0.01) in spontaneously hypertensive rats with fistulae which had higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure than Wistar rats with fistulae (P < 0.01). Signs of circulatory congestion (ascites, tachypnoea, prostration) were observed only in the overloaded spontaneously hypertensive rats (45%). Cardiac index was comparably increased in both fistulae groups due to an increase in stroke index, since heart rate was not increased. 3. Fistulae placement decreased renal blood flow and kidney weight, and increased blood urea nitrogen to a greater degree in spontaneously hypertensive rats (all P < 0.05); serum creatinine levels were unaltered. Plasma noradrenaline concentration was increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats with fistulae (P < 0.05), whereas plasma renin activity was not changed. 4. Thus, spontaneously hypertensive rats with fistulae developed overt haemodynamic signs of high-output heart failure with frequent ascites and dyspnoea, whereas most of these findings were milder or absent in Wistar rats. This model provides an opportunity to evaluate the pathophysiological and pharmacological responses in high-output heart failure.
 ...
PMID:Haemodynamic and neurohumoral changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats with aortocaval fistulae. 809 20

An infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, excessive pulmonary blood flow, and tachypnea was placed on subatmospheric oxygen (supplemental nitrogen) to increase pulmonary vascular resistance and decrease pulmonary blood flow. His cardiorespiratory status stabilized without mechanical ventilation, but 2 weeks later he developed spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema. The emphysema worsened over approximately 1 month. During this time his left-to-right shunt gradually decreased, and he was weaned to room air. Even without the use of supplemental oxygen the emphysema resolved without complication, and the patient underwent successful orthotopic heart transplantation at 65 days of age.
 ...
PMID:Subatmospheric oxygen therapy complicating subcutaneous emphysema. 970 71

Most patients with urea cycle disorders who present as neonates, do so with deteriorating feeding, drowsiness and tachypnoea, following a short initial period when they appear well. The plasma ammonia should be measured at the same time as the septic screen in such patients. Ammonia levels above 200 micromol/l are usually caused by inherited metabolic diseases and it is essential to make a diagnosis for genetic counselling, even if the patients die. The aim of treatment is to lower the ammonia concentrations as fast as possible. Sodium benzoate, sodium phenylbutyrate and arginine can exploit alternative pathways for the elimination of nitrogen but haemodialysis or haemofiltration should be instituted if ammonia concentrations are >500 micromol/l or if they do not fall promptly. Long-term management involves drugs, dietary protein restriction and use of an emergency regimen during illness. Severe hyperammonaemia is usually associated with irreversible neurological damage, particularly if levels have been above 800 micromol/l for >24 hours, and the option of withdrawing treatment should be discussed with the family.
 ...
PMID:Urea cycle disorders. 1206 36


1 2 Next >>