Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0231835 (tachypnea)
 2,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of laryngeal cleft. The patient showed tachypnea, stridor, and cyanosis with feeding, when the diagnosis was made by laryngo-fiberscopy at 2 days of life. At the age of 7 months, a direct laryngoscopy showed a 5 mm length of cleft behind the vocal cord at the level of the interarytenoid portion. Gastrostomy and tracheostomy were performed at the same time. For small type 1 clefts, some authors have proposed the possibility of treatment without surgery. In this case, we tried to minimize the defect by injecting collagen into the sub-mucosal space of the arytenoids. The patient was decanulated at the age of 2 years and 2 months. This case represents an example of earliest diagnosis of minimal laryngeal clefts (Armitage's type 1-a), which has been usually identified at older ages.
 ...
PMID:A minor laryngeal cleft (type 1-a) diagnosed in infancy. 765 74

A progressive pulmonary disease resulting in severe respiratory failure and death in an average of 3 weeks was diagnosed in 11 young Dalmatian dogs. The dogs were from 4 litters, all genetically related by a common ancestor. The initial clinical signs were tachypnea and noisy respiration. Respiratory distress developed shortly before death and was characterized by strenuous and rapid respirations, along with cyanosis and vomiting. On blood gas analysis, there were severe arterial hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and marked alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. Radiographically, a diffuse pattern of alveolar, interstitial, and peribronchial densities was observed in the lungs. Most dogs developed pneumomediastinum and gastroesophageal intussusception in the terminal phase of the disease. There was no response to treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, diuretics, or oxygen. At necropsy, the lungs were wet, heavy, and relatively airless. Absence of 1 kidney in 2 dogs and severe internal hydrocephalus in 2 dogs were additional necropsy findings. Pulmonary histopathology included metaplasia and atypia of the alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium, a nonpurulent inflammatory reaction characterized mainly by mononuclear cells and macrophages, eosinophilic hyaline membrane formation, and focal pulmonary fibrosis. The histological manifestations were typical of acute lung injury. Clinically, the findings were consistent with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), except for the relatively long course. No known risk factors for ARDS, such as trauma, toxin exposure, infection, or endotoxemia could be identified. The relationship of the other abnormalities (ie, renal aplasia, hydrocephalus) to the pulmonary disease also remains obscure. An inherited defect is suspected, because segregation analysis of the 4 litters suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.
 ...
PMID:Lung injury leading to respiratory distress syndrome in young Dalmatian dogs. 767 17

Factors to consider in the care of a newborn infant Family history Extremes of body temperature Poor feeding Vomiting Failure to pass urine or meconium Rapid breathing with or without cyanosis Jaundice Rashes and birthmarks 'Jitteriness' Unusual features Collapse
 ...
PMID:Common problems of newborn infants. 769 2

During October 1989 to March 1990 pediatricians and radiologists conducted a clinical study in Shunyi, Nanbu, and Shifang County Hospitals, China, of 160 healthy children and 541 children with fever and cough to examine the reliability of respiratory rate and various clinical signs in the diagnosis of radiologically confirmed pneumonia among 54 children under 5 years of age. The mean respiratory rate among children with cough and fever was 50 breaths/minute for infants aged 0-11 months and 40 breaths/minute for children aged 1-5 compared with about 40 breaths/minute and 30 breaths/minute, respectively, for healthy children . The researchers deemed these rates to be the cutoff criterion for rapid breathing. Rapid breathing could better predict pneumonia than rales could (positive predictive values, 74.5% vs. 66.9%). Nasal flaring, chest indrawing, and cyanosis of the tongue had high specificities (86.5%, 92.5%, and 93.5%, respectively). Yet these signs occurred in only a small percentage of the population (25.2% for nasal flaring and 10% for chest indrawing and cyanosis of the tongue). Based on these findings, the researchers call for village health workers to use rapid breathing to diagnose pneumonia rather than ausculatory signs, especially rales. Ausculatory signs are unreliable predictors of pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory rate and signs in roentgenographically confirmed pneumonia among children in China. 763 27

Congenital cardiac defects and the clinical symptoms they exhibit are affected intimately by the relation they have with pulmonary circulation. Cardiac lesions that increase pulmonary blood flow often occur clinically with signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure, including hepatomegaly, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and feeding difficulties. However, in the neonatal period, pulmonary vascular resistance often remains elevated, decreasing the pulmonary blood flow and, therefore, severity of symptoms. Cardiac lesions that reduce pulmonary blood flow often manifest early in life with clinical signs and symptoms of cyanosis, tachypnea, and acidosis. Finally, cardiac lesions that result in isolated pulmonary blood flow manifest immediately in the neonatal period, with profound cyanosis and acidosis. In all three groups of cardiac anomalies, critical care nurses play a key role in the control of pulmonary vascular resistance and blood flow by collaborating in therapies designed to increase, decrease, or promote mixing to reduce morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:Perioperative management of pulmonary circulation in children with congenital cardiac defects. 778 Aug 40

A 33-day-old girl was transferred to our hospital because of severe cyanosis and tachypnea. The diagnosis of aortopulmonary window and interrupted aortic arch was established by echocardiogram and cineangiocardiogram. Reconstruction of aortic arch by extended direct anastomosis and simple patch closure of aortopulmonary window were performed by means of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest on 36 days of age. Her postoperative clinical course was uneventful, but at 2 months after operation, stenosis of the ascending aorta was noticed by echocardiographic examination. As her physical growth had been satisfactory, she was managed under close observation at outpatient clinic. At seven months after operations, she fell into progressive left heart failure, and emergency operation was carried out for the relief of stenosis of the ascending aorta, but she could not come off bypass. A stenosis of the ascending aorta is a fatal complication that may occur after one-stage repair of interrupted aortic arch with aortopulmonary window consisting of extended direct anastomosis and simple patch closure. We now consider that division of ascending aorta and pulmonary artery and repair of both of the defect is indispensable for the correction of aortopulmonary window, especially in neonate and small infant with this lesion associated with interrupted aortic arch.
 ...
PMID:[Severe ascending aortic stenosis after one-stage repair of aortopulmonary window and interrupted aortic arch]. 796 44

Clinicopathological details of 52 cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) taken from pediatric autopsy files from hospitals in Adelaide (Australia) Oxford and Edinburgh (United Kingdom) between 1957 and 1990 are presented. The patients ranged in age from a stillborn girl to a 15-month-old boy, with 42 cases (81%) dying in the first 3 months of life. While many patients had signs of a congenital cardiovascular anomaly prior to death, including tachypnea, tachycardia, central cyanosis, cardiac failure, heart murmurs, and difficulty in feeding, it was noteworthy that eight patients (16%) presented as sudden and unexpected death in the absence of significant antemortem symptoms and signs. Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage was also unsuspected prior to death in a total of 26 cases (53%) of those where relevant history was available (49 cases). Twelve infants (23%) underwent surgical correction, none of whom survived more than several weeks. TAPVD was isolated in 30 cases (58%) and was associated with other cardiac or congenital anomalies in 22 patients (42%). Just under half of nonisolated cases comprised the asplenia-heterotaxy syndrome. The points of drainage of the anomalous pulmonary veins were to the infradiaphragmatic veins (n = 21, 40%), left innominate vein (n = 13, 25%), coronary sinus (n = 7, 13%), right superior vena cava (n = 4, 8%), inferior vena cava above the diaphragm (n = 2, 4%), right innominate vein (n = 2, 4%), mixed left innominate vein and coronary sinus (n = 1, 2%), azygos vein (n = 1, 2%), and mixed right superior vena cava and left hemiazygos vein (n = 1, 2%). Twenty-three of 47 cases (49%) that were specifically examined revealed obstruction of the pulmonary veins or pulmonary hypertensive vascular changes on histology. These results emphasize that TAPVD needs to be excluded at autopsy as a causal factor in cases of sudden infant death even in the absence of antemortem symptoms and signs. Clues at autopsy include abnormal mobility of the heart, visceral situs inversus, and polyasplenia. The diversity of pulmonary-systemic venous anastomoses necessitates careful in situ dissection above and below the diaphragm and consideration of postmortem angiography.
 ...
PMID:Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage associated with fatal outcome in infancy and early childhood: an autopsy study of 52 cases. 797 85

Emergencies in pediatric cardiology are heart failure, cyanosis and rhythm disturbances. The signs of heart failure are tachycardia, tachypnea and hepatomegaly. The therapy consists of oxygen, diuretics and digoxin. Occasionally, intubation with mechanical ventilation and intravenous catecholamines are needed. Cyanosis is often the only sign of a severe heart malformation, and prompt hospitalization is mandatory. Oxygen and warm environment is important during transport, correction of a possible metabolic acidosis and prostaglandin infusion are done in the hospital. Beyond the newborn period, so-called cyanotic spells are seen, particularly in tetralogy of Fallot. In supraventricular tachycardia, vagal manoeuvres can be tried first, if not successful, intravenous adenosine or electroconversion will restore sinus rhythm. In the older child, intravenous isoptin can be given. Slow heart rates from total AV block or sinus node affection are treated with atrophic, isuprel or electrical pacing.
 ...
PMID:[Pediatric cardiological emergencies]. 797 84

Pulmonary edema is a frequent and common cause of death in patients in critical care settings. It is seen as a complication of myocardial infarcts, hypertension, pneumonia, smoke inhalation, and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema occurs when there are alterations in Starling forces and capillary permeability, opposition to lymphatic flow in the lungs, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, central nervous system lesions, and following some types of strenuous exercise. Pulmonary edema presents initially with crackles, wheezing, and dry cough and progresses to tachypnea, dyspnea, orthopnea, pink frothy sputum, and cyanosis. Treatment involves supportive therapy, reduction in blood volume, and oxygen therapy.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiology of pulmonary edema. 800 Sep 33

Accidentally occurring hydrocarbon poisoning during early childhood is a frequent and in most cases benign event. Nevertheless there is a potential risk of more serious consequences. We describe such a case. Respiratory symptoms are of the greatest concern. They include cough, tachypnoea, and in the more serious cases cyanosis and respiratory failure. Moreover, symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract are common. Treatment includes prevention of aspiration, symptomatic treatment and in more serious cases respiratory support.
 ...
PMID:[Poisoning with petroleum preparations--again!]. 801 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>