Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0231835 (tachypnea)
 2,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fat overload syndrome developed in a 7-year-old girl who was on home TPN which included 20% Intralipid (total lipid dose 3.2 g/kg/d). Acute respiratory insufficiency developed with cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. The chest x-ray revealed mild cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Blood gases showed profound hypoxia (PaO2 29 torr on room air). Spontaneous resolution occurred over the next seven days as the lipemia cleared.
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PMID:Fat overload syndrome causing respiratory insufficiency. 644 Sep 70

Morgagni hernias during infancy are associated with significant respiratory symptoms as well as other congenital anomalies, particularly congenital heart disease. During the past 6 years we have had the opportunity to treat five infants less than 1 year of age with Morgagni hernias. A review of the literature revealed an additional seventeen detailed case reports of infants with Morgagni hernias. Each of our patients was symptomatic as were all but two of those previously reported. These patients presented with tachypnea, dyspnea, and cyanosis which was very similar to the presentation of Bochdalek hernias seen during infancy. Thirteen of 16 patients in whom detailed descriptions of associated anomalies were given including four of our own patients, had significant congenital anomalies. Nine involved the heart, including three infants with dextracardia, three with ventricular septal defects, and two with anomalous pulmonary venous return. Five infants were retarded, including three with Trisomy 21. Two of the previously reported patients had large omphaloceles and other stigmata of Cantrell's syndrome. All but one of the patients reported, including ours, had a hernia sac. The liver, colon, and small bowel were most commonly found in the hernia sac; however, the presence of the stomach and spleen have been reported. While both the transabdominal and transthoracic approaches to Morgagni hernias have been advocated and, indeed, repair of the defect can be accomplished through both approaches, the transthoracic approach allows better exposure of incarcerated viscera, particularly the frequently found anomalous left lobe of the liver.
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PMID:Morgagni hernias during infancy: presentation and associated anomalies. 648 84

In a retrospective study over the years 1978-1982, 729 cases of acute pulmonary embolism were analyzed in relation to history, clinical signs and laboratory findings and the results compared with the findings of the urokinase pulmonary embolism trial. As far as history and clinical symptoms were concerned, breathlessness, chest pain, tachypnea, tachycardia and cyanosis were the dominating features. Among laboratory tests, the radiological and electrocardiographic findings of pulmonary hypertension were of little value. In contrast, arterial hypoxemia and isotope scanning provided the most reliable diagnostic information. The most frequent problem in differential diagnosis was acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:[Diagnostic problems in acute pulmonary embolism]. 652

The records of 264 pediatric patients with uncomplicated ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) were reviewed. Eighty-seven patients were younger than age 4 years at the time of cardiac catheterization. Subnormal weight gain, frequent pneumonia, cyanosis or tachypnea were present in 26 patients (30%). Of the 36 infants at catheterization, 17 (48%) had the previously described symptoms, including 12 (33%) who had congestive heart failure. Eight of the 36 infants were found to have closed their defect at a subsequent catheterization. Six of 18 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization between 1 and 2 years of age also had spontaneously closed their ASD at subsequent study. Statistical analysis of hemodynamic data revealed no difference (except a smaller shunt size) between ASDs that closed and those that did not in patients who were less than 4 years at initial catheterization. Analysis of hemodynamic data revealed no statistical differences between groups of patients with an ASD who were younger than and those older than 4 years at time of diagnostic study. Patients with ASDs that closed were significantly different from patients with atrial level shunting thought to be secondary to a valve-incompetent foramen ovale with respect to age at initial study (11 versus 2 months, p less than 0.001), mean left atrial pressure (7.7 versus 12.3 mm Hg, p less than 0.02) and difference between mean right and left atrial pressures (1.0 versus 4.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Spontaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect in infants and young children. 665 Apr 15

Spontaneous pneumothorax is more frequent during the newborn period than at any other time in childhood. Intubation, vigorous resuscitation, aspiration of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and hyaline membrane disease have been associated most often with the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax; however, it may occur in the absence of any of these precursors. Most pneumothoraces occur in term babies (64%); however, the premature infant is more susceptible. Signs and symptoms are due chiefly to lung compression and include grunting, tachypnea, cyanosis, and retraction. The accumulation of air serves as an intrathoracic space-occupying lesion, an emergency condition that demands prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax in the newborn. 688 25

Congenital lobar emphysema is mainly seen in new-born and young babies. In the first hours or days, symptoms appear such as dyspnea, cyanosis, tachypnea, wheezing, thoracic and epigastric retractions. Later symptoms are faintness, psychomotoric retardation and malformation of the thorax. Etiology and pathogenesis of this emphysema of individual parts of the lung are unclear. The course is paroxysmatic, persistent or chronic. Preferred therapy of choice is the resection of the parts concerned. After operation the prognosis is good.
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PMID:[Congenital lobar emphysema]. 722 6

Persistent fetal circulation ("PFC") is a condition characterized by perduring after birth of fetal hemodynamic pattern: persistence of high pulmonary vascular resistance then occurs. "PFC" is a high mortality syndrome recently recognized as a cause of severe cyanosis and tachypnea in full-term newborns. Perinatal hypoxia, hyperviscosity, acidosis etc, may be also responsible of a persistence of high pulmonary vascular resistance. The increased right heart pressures cause a right to left shunt across the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale not yet completely closed at birth. In this paper the clinical and angiographic evaluation of two full-term newborns, males, 5 days and 5 months old, are described, who presented with tachypnea, cyanosis and heart failure. Moreover we want to make a critical review of medical literature about this subject. The electrocardiogram of both patients showed right ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia. The chest roentgenograms showed cardiac enlargement and increased pulmonary vascular markings. Lung and central nervous system disorders were excluded by clinical and instrumental exams. Both patients underwent cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography in order to exclude a congenital heart disease. There was just evidence of pulmonary vascular resistance and right to left shunt at ductal and atrial level. O2 100% administration in one patient determined a decrease in pulmonary resistance and the shunting abolition. Clinical and hemodynamic patterns of this syndrome are very different. There are "simple forms" with normal myocardial function and "complex" higher mortality forms with evidence of cardiac involvement. It is often difficult to distinguish such forms from the other causes of central cyanosis and/or cardiac failure in the newborn as transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: the individualization of the syndrome then may be impossible without cardiac catheterization. A correct diagnosis for a precocious and reasonable treatment are extremely important for the survival of such critical newborns.
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PMID:[Persistence of fetal circulation. Clinical and angiographic evaluation of two cases. Review of the literature (author's transl)]. 734 16

Interstitial pneumonitis in children is a rare and poorly understood disease. Controversy exists as to whether the varoius histologic changes encountered represent different disease or a spectrum of the same disease. Fourteen biopsy-confirmed cases of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in children were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1953 and 1975. A search of the literature revealed 14 additional cases but no series of exclusively desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. The most frequent symptoms were retardation of growth and dyspnea, often accompanied by cough. Tachypnea was the most common finding on examination; rales, cyanosis, and clubbing were variably present. The chest roentgenogram was distinctly abnormal in all cases; it usually revealed a combined interstitial and alveolar pattern extending bilaterally from the hilus to the base. Results of laboratory studies were nonspecific for desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. All 28 patients in this review were treated with corticosteroids; 17 (61 percent) survived. Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis was found in association with a variety of other major illnesses. The cause remains unknown.
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PMID:Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in children. 735 10

Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermented gram-negative rods that are widespread in the environment and colonize in the human skin. They are known to be a nosocomial pathogen causing, pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia. Recently, they have been found increasingly in catheter-related infections (CRI). Thirty-seven cases of bacteremia were developed in our hospital during the past five years. Of these 27 cases were chosen out of the medical records for discussion in this paper. Twenty-three cases are blood positive for Acinetobacter anitratus and 4 cases for A. lwoffii. Most cases have an underlying disease like hematological malignancy, solid tumor and infantile congenital abnormality. There were also some clinical signs; high fever, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, peripheral cyanosis. A central venus catheter was inserted in 22 cases, and in 13 of these, the catheter was removed after the bacteremic episode. Nine cases became afebrile after the removal of the catheter and A. anitratus was isolated from the catheter tip in four cases. Heparin was administered through the catheter in 7 cases. Formerly Acinetobacter spp. were not recognized as a major pathogen, but recently found increasingly in CRI. We also found 9 cases which were definitely diagnosed or suspected as CRI, and were successfully treated by removal of the central venus catheter. Association between administration of heparin and bacteremia of Acinetobacter spp. was reported, we actually detected such association in 7 cases, but the potential role of heparin has not been clarified yet. Compared with A. lwoffii, A. anitratus were resistant to many drugs, but had good susceptibility to imipenem, minocycline, aminoglycoside, and fluoroquinolone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteremia with Acinetobacter species--clinicopathological characteristics of 27 cases]. 759 82

A 54-year-old man was hospitalized for a right renal tumor with intraluminal extension into the vena cava. He underwent radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy and regional lymphadenectomy. On the 8th postoperative day, he suddenly complained of dyspnea with tachypnea and cyanosis. Arterial blood gas analyses under an oxygen flow of 4L/min revealed PaO2 32.1 mmHg. Pulmonary angiography revealed filling defects in the right main pulmonary artery and left descending branch. Under the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism, thrombolytic and anti-coagulation therapy was performed and the patient recovered from the disease. We should be aware of pulmonary embolism as a postoperative complication of urological surgery.
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PMID:[Acute pulmonary embolism after radical operation for renal cell carcinoma with vena caval extension: a case cured by thrombolytic therapy]. 759 38


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