Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0231835 (tachypnea)
 2,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PAH clearance was carried out in 12 newborns, hospitalized in the infantile resuscitation unit for respiratory distress. 6 of these children weighed less than 2.5 kg, 4 had hyaline membrane disease, 6 had either amniotic abnormalities or transitory tachypnea, 2 were surgical patients: one right diaphragmatic hernia, one post-operative respiratory complication after intervention for neonatal occlusion. In 9 cases the newborn was under controled artificial ventilation associated with PEEP at 5 to 7 cm of water. In all of the cases, the hemodynamic, metabolic and blood gas conditions were normal. A control series of 11 newnorn was carried out in a pediatric unit, the clearance was done without urine samples, the rough value of the figures found varied from 5.5 ml per minute to 30 ml per minute in the respiratory distress series and 16 to 62 ml per minute in the control series. The analysis of these results in rendered difficult by the juxtaposition of several factors: Choice of a reference criterion: body surface area, PAH space, patient's weight theoretical weight of the kidneys. The factor of prematurity. The problem of the date of the investigation in comparison with the date of birth.
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PMID:[PAH clearance measurement without urine samples in the newborn infant with respiratory distress]. 0 69

The study purpose was to assess the incidence and indications of cesarean section; the effect of anesthesia, maternal and fetal factors on the morbidity and mortality of newborn infants; and to compare the morbidity and mortality patterns of infants delivered by cesarean section with that of infants delivered by the normal vaginal route. The morbidity and mortality pattern of 200 consecutive normally delivered infants were compared with that of 265 infants delivered by cesarean section. The incidence of morbidity in emergency cesarean section, planned section and normal vaginal delivery was 54.6%, 20.4%, and 12%, respectively. Higher incidence in emergency section was primarily because of asphyxia, intracranial stress, dysmaturity, transient tachypnea, prematurity and infection. Mortality was 7.5% in emergency section, 2.2% in planned section and 4% in normal delivery. Most of the stillbirth and neonatal deaths were because of gross asphyxia, prolonged labor due to cephalopelvic disproportion and uterine dysfunction, fetal distress, and abnormal presentation. Associated factors adversely influencing the morbidity and mortality included maternal age below 20 years and above 30 years, height below 510 centimeters, grand multiparity, low socioeconomic class, poor antenatal care, fetal distress, general anesthesia, prematurity and birth weight below 2 kilograms.
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PMID:Perinatal morbidity and mortality in cesarean section. 51 23

Clinical and haematological findings at the nadir of the refractory, early anaemia of prematurity were compared in a study of 95 preterm infants. 53% of 30 babies less than 32 weeks' gestational age at birth had abnormal clinical features resulting from anaemia at its nadir, with a combination of tachycardia, tachypnoea, dyspnoea and feeding difficulties, diminished activity, and pallor. The expression 'available oxygen', derived from the Hb concentration and Hb-O2 affinity, correlated more closely with clinical features of anaemia that did the Hb concentration alone. A formula is presented that predicts the 'available oxygen', provided the Hb concentration and post-conceptual age are known; this avoids the need for direct measurement of Hb-O2 affinity. Clinical anaemia is common in preterm infants with Hb concentrations of up to 10.5 g/dl, consequent on the high O2 affinity of fetal Hb. This is the first description of any common clinical consequence of high Hb-O2 affinity.
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PMID:Nonphysiological anaemia of prematurity. 72 8

We performed a 5-year review of 40 patients less than or equal to 30 days of age with viral pneumonia. Isolates included respiratory syncytial virus (55%), enteroviruses (15%), rhinoviruses (15%), adenoviruses (10%), parainfluenza virus (7.5%) and herpes simplex virus (5%). Most infants were previously healthy but had ill family members. Nine were born at less than 37 weeks of gestation. Symptoms and signs included tachypnea, decreased feeding, cough, cyanosis, lethargy, retractions, apnea, bradycardia, seizures and depressed consciousness. Seasonality and clinical features, but not radiographic patterns, suggested specific pathogens. Patients were moderately to severely ill. The median duration of hospitalization was 7 days; therapies administered included oxygen (90%), mechanical ventilation (45%), blood transfusions (25%) and supplemental oxygen after discharge (27%). The case fatality rate was 7.5%. Prematurity, ill appearance at presentation, lobar consolidation and adenovirus infection were risk factors for severe disease.
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PMID:Viral pneumonia in the first month of life. 217 40

At no other time of life is the decision to transfuse potentially as difficult as in the newborn period. Superimposed upon complex "physiologic" changes in the ability to deliver and release oxygen are varying requirements among infants in terms of oxygen need. These are compounded by changes brought about as a direct consequence of frequent phlebotomy in the most ill of preterm infants. Despite the confusion overlying many of the changes occurring at this time of life, certain principles can be applied. Unlike that of the adult, an infant's ability to make oxygen available in response to a specific demand is almost as dependent upon the modifiers of oxygen uptake and release by hemoglobin as upon the hemoglobin concentration itself. These modifiers are constantly changing, sometimes in a predictable fashion, sometimes not. As discussed, some attention to the status of a particular infant's capability in providing oxygen relative to need will assist in the decision when to transfuse. If specific parameters of these assessments can not be determined, it may be necessary to proceed with transfusion based on the clinical presentation of an infant. With regard to the above, any infant sufficiently ill to require frequent blood sampling should have such blood losses replaced, certainly before ten percent of blood volume has been exceeded. This is particularly true in infants who are unable to maintain adequate arterial oxygen tensions with or without the use of supplemental inspired oxygen. At several weeks of age, when the clinical status of a preterm infant may have stabilized, transfusion may or may not be needed during the nadir of the anemia of prematurity. Infants who had been previously transfused or who had earlier received frequent simple transfusions should be able to tolerate lower levels of hemoglobin. Infants without compromised cardiopulmonary function and in whom no unusual metabolic needs exist are unlikely to be aided by transfusions when the hemoglobin concentration is greater than 10 to 11 g/dl. At lower levels of hemoglobin, simple calculations of "available oxygen" may be helpful when it is difficult to determine whether clinical signs and symptoms of anemia exist. Such signs and symptoms may include poor feeding, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, diminished activity, and pallor. Apnea has not unequivocably been shown to improve following transfusion. Clearly, our current concepts regarding indications for transfusion, even when based upon known principles of physiology, still represent an art form that is less than completely scientific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Anemia of prematurity. Current concepts in the issue of when to transfuse. 351 96

Illness associated adenovirus infection is described in 15 immunocompromised patients. Patients were immunocompromised by severe underlying disease, immunosuppressive or corticosteroid therapy or by age (prematurity). Evidence of adenovirus infection was obtained by either viral isolation or, in two cases, characteristic adenovirus inclusion bodies at postmortem study. All clinical illness was associated with high fever (temperature greater than 39 degrees C). Eighty per cent of the patients had severe systemic complaints including malaise, lethargy, fatigue and night sweats; a similar number of gastrointestinal symptoms. Pulmonary complaints were described in 11 of 15 cases and included cough (67 per cent) and tachypnea (53 per cent). Roentgenologic evidence of pneumonia was demonstrated in 12 of 15 patients (80 per cent). Elevation of serum hepatic enzyme levels (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)) occurred in eight of 11 patients (73 per cent) and was moderate to severe (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase greater than 450 IU/liter) in five of 11 (45 per cent). Nine patients died; seven after a rapid downhill course and two after a prolonged illness. Evidence of adenovirus infection microscopically by autopsy in the lung, liver or both is demonstrated in four patients with fulminant systemic illness. Adenovirus infection should be considered in the etiology of severe overwhelming illness in the immunocompromised host.
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PMID:Adenovirus infection in the immunocompromised patient. 624 99

A prospective study was undertaken in 107 elective repeat cesarean deliveries in which the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio was positive. The frequency of neonatal complications in 87 of these women having positive amniotic fluid (AF) phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was compared with the frequency in the remaining 20 patients exhibiting a negative PG. Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) did not occur in either group. However, neonatal complications and related clinical procedures were significantly increased in the PG-negative patients. These neonatal complications included increased frequency of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit, physiologic jaundice, poor feeding, transient tachypnea, prolonged oxygen therapy, arterial blood gas determinations, chest X-ray and placement of a peripheral intravenous line. The cause of this increased frequency in neonatal complications appears to be mild prematurity in patients exhibiting a positive AF L/S with a negative PG. This study suggests that, in hospitals where PG determinations are available, neonatal complications could be reduced further by awaiting the AF PG result before electively performing a repeat cesarean section.
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PMID:Avoiding prematurity in elective repeat cesarean section. A role for amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol. 652 3

Early studies suggest that transient tachypnea of the newborn is a benign disease of uncertain etiology. Consequently, prevention of this complication has not been a primary concern of obstetricians. In this study of amniotic fluid phospholipids, 55 pregnancies in which the neonate developed transient tachypnea were compared to 355 pregnancies after which respiratory distress did not occur. Thirteen neonatal complications and procedures, often associated with prematurity, were significantly increased in the infants who developed transient tachypnea. Potential risk factors for transient tachypnea were examined by stepwise discriminant analysis. Negative amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol, prematurity (less than 38 weeks), and 1-minute Apgar score less than 7 all made an independent contribution to the overall characterization of infants at increased risk for transient tachypnea. These findings suggest that mild fetal lung immaturity may be a factor in the pathophysiology of this syndrome, and that the relationship of perinatal factors associated with transient tachypnea of the newborn in previous studies, including maternal diabetes mellitus and cesarean birth, may be partially mediated through a neonatal surfactant deficiency.
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PMID:Transient tachypnea of the newborn: the relationship to preterm delivery and significant neonatal morbidity. 685 31

Seventy premature infants (birthweight 1.75 kg or less, gestational age 33 weeks or less) with hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL and hematocrit less than 30% were studied and randomly divided into three groups. All of them received oral elemental iron 3 mg/kg/day and vitamin E 5 mg/kg/day during the study period. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) 150 U/kg was administered intravenously twice a week for 4 weeks in group A (26 infants). Infants in group A received a total of 4 erythrocyte transfusions because of frequent apnea. Infants in group B (25 infants) received erythrocyte transfusion when their hemoglobin levels was less than 10 g/dL with signs and symptoms (including tachycardia, tachypnea, poor feeding, apnea, poor weight gain) attributed to anemia or who had a hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL even if asymptomatic. Infants in group B received a total of 36 erythrocyte transfusions. Infants in group C (19 infants) were assigned to a non-rHuEPO and nontransfusion group. Three of the 19 premature infants in group C received erythrocyte transfusions later because of frequent and prolonged apneic episodes and were excluded from this study. Our data revealed that reticulocyte and serum erythropoietin values were higher (p < 0.01) in rHuEPO-treated group than transfusion group and hemoglobin and hematocrit values were lower in group C than the other two groups during the rHuEPO treatment period. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in neutrophil and platelet counts among these three groups. Serum ferritin values were found lower in the rHuEPO-treated group than the other two groups. Lower weight gain was found in infants in group C. We conclude that rHuEPO administration can reduce the need for blood transfusion. Poor weight gain can be found in infants with anemia of prematurity who do not receive rHuEPO or blood transfusion therapy.
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PMID:Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia of prematurity. 854 Sep 30

Childhood asthma usually begins early in life. Neonatal characteristics are reportedly predictive of symptom onset. This investigation utilized data from a provincial health organization to evaluate the effect of several birth characteristics on asthma incidence and hospitalization for asthma during age 0-4. Using logistic regression, the odds ratios (OR) for the following variables indicate a significant (p < 0.05) association with physician-diagnosed preschool asthma: male gender (OR = 1.72), birthweight < 1500 g (OR = 2.11), prematurity (OR = 1.34), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the presence (OR = 2.95) or absence (OR = 1.61) of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN; OR = 1.36). Male gender (OR = 1.91), birthweight < 1500 g (OR = 2.56), RDS with and without BPD (OR = 3.35 and 2.50, respectively), TTN (OR = 2.08), and severe birth asphyxia (OR = 1.94) showed an important association with hospitalization due to asthma. Neonatal characteristics are important determinants for the risk of preschool asthma, even after mutual adjustment.
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PMID:Neonatal characteristics as risk factors for preschool asthma. 870 80


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