Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0231807 (exertional dyspnea)
 3,402 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 395 wild animals represented by 12 species have been studied over the 1972-1975 period for the presence of sarcosporidia--wild swine, does, hares, jackals, foxes, wild cats, polecats, rats, forest mice, and weasels killed in various regions of the district of Bourgas. Investigated were also several monkeys and wandering dogs. Samples were taken from the muscles of the neck abdomen, hind legs, gut, pharynx, chewing muscles, and hearts to study them for microcysts by the compression method. Sarcosporidia were established in 26.08% of the investigated animals of the following species: wild swine--66.76%, does--71.74%, hares--7.28%, rats--5.50%, and forest mice--10.0%. Most intensive proved parasitizing in does, hares, and swine, and least intensive--in rats and mice. Sarcocysts were found in all investigated viscera, highest being the parasite burden in the heart muscle of a doe. The sarcocyst (microcyst) infection in a particular animal species could be established through investigating the muscles of several organs. All data obtained are given in two tables.
 ...
PMID:[Distribution of Sarcosporidia among wild animals in Bulgaria]. 10 59

Increasing daily light exposure from 8 to 16 h increases average daily body weight gains of sheep and Holstein cattle but reduces gains of white-tailed doe fawns. Some of these effects on average daily gain in sheep are the result of increased gut fill and pelt weight. Increasing daily exposure to light increases feed intake when sheep or cattle are fed ad libitum. However, increased feed intake is not a prerequisite for the anabolic effects of long duration exposures to light because increased growth occurs in the animals given 16 h light:8 h dark (16L:8D) even when feed intake is restricted. The anabolic effects of increased duration photoperiods in sheep are independent of the gonads, whereas in cattle they are dependent on the gonads. Consistent increases in average daily gains of cattle in response to longer duration photoperiods have not always been achieved. The lack of consistency may be associated with sexual maturity or rate of fattening of the animal. For example, the stimulatory effects of 16L:8D photoperiods on live weight gain are not readily manifested in immature prepubertal heifers, but occur primarily during the peripubertal period. Short days are conducive to deposition of fat, which may account for the stimulatory effects of short days on live weight gain of white-tailed doe fawns and excessively fattened Holsteins. In contrast, long duration photoperiods stimulate protein accretion in cattle. The hormonal signals that mediate the anabolic effects of increasing exposure to light are not associated with change in insulin, thyroxine or growth hormone concentrations in the blood. Glucocorticoid concentrations in serum decrease with longer duration photoperiods which is consistent with an anabolic effect. Increasing daily light exposure to 16 h/d hastens the increase in concentrations of progesterone and testosterone in sera of peripubertal heifers and prepubertal bulls, respectively. Thus, change in secretion of reproductive hormones in the peripubertal period of cattle may be associated with the anabolic effects previously described and is consistent with gonad dependency. Prolactin concentrations in serum increase in sheep and cattle as duration of light exposure increases. But, there is no irrefutable proof that prolactin is responsible for the increased rates of gain or change in carcass composition associated with longer exposures to light. Thus, the hormonal mechanisms involved in photoperiod-induced alterations in growth remain to be established.
 ...
PMID:The influence of photoperiod on body weight gain, body composition, nutrient intake and hormone secretion. 639 93

Cionin, a peptide showing similarities with cholecystokinin and gastrin has been shown to be expressed in the gut and neural ganglion of the protochordate Ciona intestinalis. The present report describes the cloning of a putative cionin receptor (CioR), a new member of the CCK/gastrin family from the gastrointestinal tract of C. intestinalis. mRNA from the stomach of C. intestinalis was isolated using a modified RNA extraction procedure and, subsequently, reverse-transcribed into single-stranded cDNA by means of rapid amplification of 5'- and 3'-cDNA ends (RACE-PCR), followed by full-length PCR amplification. The cloned full-length PCR amplicons contained a short upstream open-reading frame (uORF) coding for a putative 16 amino acid long peptide, followed by a long open reading frame encoding a 526 amino acid putative CioR protein. At the amino acid level, the putative CioR protein shared 35-40% homology with cloned mammalian, chicken, and Xenopus laevis CCK receptors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the chicken and X. laevis CCK receptors are orthologues of the mammalian CCK2 receptors whereas CioR protein forms a clade with vertebrate cholecystokinin receptors. Moreover, we found that the CioR cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences were found to correspond to the annotated CCK/gastrin-like receptor gene on Scaffold 117 (C. intestinalis draft genome project, Joint Genome Institute database; http://www.jgi.doe.gov).
 ...
PMID:Molecular cloning of a putative Ciona intestinalis cionin receptor, a new member of the CCK/gastrin receptor family. 1465 81

To determine the effect of a transient doe-litter separation (48 h) on milk production and feed intake from 1 to 21 days post-partum, a control group (C) in which litters had free access to nursing, and a biostimulated group (B) in which litters were separated from their does from d 9 to d 11 post-partum were used. Total milk production was higher in (C) than in (B) does (5090+/-1.1 g vs. 4593+/-150 g, P < 0.05). On days 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the lactation period, milk production was 40% (P < 0.0001), 18% (P < 0.05), 15% (P < 0.05), and 15% (P < 0.01) higher in (C) than in (B), respectively. No significant differences were observed in feed intake during the period studied (7961+/-352 g in (C) does, and 7834+/-329 g in (B) does). After fasting, 11-day-old kits showed lower gut weight, body weight, empty stomach relative weight (RW), stomach content RW and small intestine RW (P < 0.05), but the differences disappeared at 21 days of age. A reduction in villous height (P < 0.065) was observed in separated kits at 11 days old compared to 9- and 11 -day-old control kits (579.0+/-28.4 vs. 664.64+/-27.6, and 724.33+/-24.1 microm, respectively), but no differences were observed at either 16 or 21 days of age. Specific jejunal lactase activity increased significantly in 11-day-old separated kits (P < 0.05). A significant increase in sucrase activity at 21 days in both groups (P < 0.05) was detected. In conclusion, a fasting period of 48 h at 9 days of age does not compromise the subsequent development of certain digestive parameters of young rabbits.
 ...
PMID:Transitory disturbances in growing lactating rabbits after transient doe-litter separation. 1563 62

Most carcinoid tumors originate in the gut. Carcinoid heart disease typically occurs when tumor progression results in the formation of hepatic metastases, which allow vasoactive substances to reach the heart without being metabolized in the liver. Except for patients with primary ovarian carcinoid tumors, the occurrence of carcinoid heart disease without hepatic metastases has been reported only anecdotally. From a retrospective analysis of 265 patients, 4 patients were identified who developed carcinoid heart disease in the absence of liver metastases or primary tumors located in the ovaries. All 4 patients had metastases to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and had carcinoid syndrome. The reasons for referral to cardiac evaluation by transthoracic echocardiography were findings on auscultation in 3 patients and exertional dyspnea in 1 patient. In conclusion, cardiac symptoms or findings on auscultation should prompt further evaluation by transthoracic echocardiography in these patients, although the classic prerequisites for development of carcinoid heart disease are lacking.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoid heart disease in patients without hepatic metastases. 1722 38