Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0231807 (exertional dyspnea)
 3,402 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a search for highly polymorphic X-specific loci, the X-chromosome DOE Ch35 phage library (LAOXNL01) was screened with three oligonucleotides representative of minisatellite consensus sequences. A total of 170 clones containing human inserts were isolated by hybridization to the oligonucleotide sequences; each was tested for polymorphism on five random female DNAs with six restriction enzymes. Among the 53 clones demonstrating a polymorphic pattern, 47 were of distinct origin. Twelve of the polymorphisms (23%) were determined to be autosomal. Polymorphisms for the remaining 35 clones were characterized, These polymorphisms represent 33 new X-chromosome RFLP loci, since two pairs of clones detected partially overlapping patterns. A pattern of similar length variation with multiple enzymes ("VNTR-type") was demonstrated in 6 (50%) of the 12 non-X-polymorphic clones. However, only 3 (9%) of the 33 X polymorphic loci showed VNTR-like patterns, suggesting a decreased amount of VNTR polymorphism on the X chromosome. The 33 polymorphic X loci were physically localized with a set of rodent x human somatic cell hybrid DNAs representing nine different X-chromosome breakpoints.
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PMID:Isolation, characterization, and physical localization of 33 human X-chromosome RFLP markers. 197 40

A 69-year-old male, who had been found (during a routine roentgenogram of the chest at an annual check-up) to have cardiomegaly, had been asymptomatic until 63 years of age, when DOE and swelling of the legs appeared. He visited our hospital because these symptoms has become more severe. Physical examination revealed JVD, third heart sound and a grade 3 holosystolic murmur, hepatomegaly and edema in the lower legs. His ECG showed atrial fibrillation. His chest X-P showed marked cardiomegaly and rt pleural effusion. His echocardiography and MRI revealed a marked enlargement of the right atrium and a slight enlargement of the right ventricle. The latter also showed persistent left superior vena cava. The cardiac catheterization, angiocardiography and intracavitary electrocardiography revealed no organic cardiac disease which induced enlargement of the right atrium. The idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium is a rare disease. Patients suffering from this disease are asymptomatic in most cases. We reported the idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium with persistent left superior vena cava in this paper.
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PMID:[Idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium with persistent superior vena cava]. 214 15

To investigate the radiation effect of neutrons near the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) with respect to the neutron dose equivalents in nearby occupied areas and at the site boundary, the neutron transport code MORSE, from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), was used. These dose equivalents result from both skyshine neutrons transported by air scattering and direct neutrons penetrating the shielding. The ALS neutron sources are a 50-MeV linear accelerator and its transfer line, a 1.5-GeV booster, a beam extraction line, and a 1.9-GeV storage ring. The most conservative total occupational-dose-equivalent rate in the center of the ALS mezzanine, 39 m from the ALS center, was found to be 1.14 X 10(-3) Sv y-1 per 2000-h "occupational" year, and the total environmental-dose-equivalent rate at the ALS boundary, 125 m from the ALS center, was found to be 3.02 X 10(-4) Sv y-1 per 8760-h calendar year. More realistic dose-equivalent rates, using the nominal (expected) storage-ring current, were calculated to be 1.0 X 10(-4) Sv y-1 and 2.65 X 10(-5) Sv y-1 occupational year and calendar year, respectively, which are much lower than the DOE reporting levels.
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PMID:Estimation of neutron dose equivalent at the mezzanine of the Advanced Light Source and the laboratory boundary using the ORNL program MORSE. 222 11

Use of methyl bromide for pest control fumigation may result in adverse exposure to three populations: the actual fumigators; other workers not actually involved in the fumigation; and the general public in the vicinity. The risk of exposure of these three target populations in Switzerland was investigated. The methodology was a combination of occupational hygiene surveys, including a preliminary hazard analysis, with a comprehensive assessment of the safety and health systems in use based on the 'Management Oversight and Risk Tree' (MORT) method [Knox and Eicher, MORT User's Manual, Revision 2. DOE 76-45/4 (1983)]. The target populations most concerned depend on the type of fumigation. Fumigators risk severe accidental exposure although they usually wear personal protection devices. In soil and chamber fumigation, workers not involved in the fumigation may undergo high exposure (75-100 pm for 1 h), far greater than the usual time-weighted average and short-term occupational exposure limits (5-20 ppm range). Occupants of premises adjoining the fumigated buildings may also be exposed to significant concentrations (25-50 ppm for 0.1-2 h). Problems originate mainly from a lack of management controls, failure to apply an appropriate code of practice and the use of personnel who are not properly qualified and trained.
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PMID:Occupational and environmental hygiene assessment of fumigations with methyl bromide. 229 83

In an effort to assist teens to make healthier decisions and to support the Department of Education's health education program, the Departments of Health (DOH) and Education (DOE) have formed a partnership to design and implement a Peer Education Program (PEP). The initial funding for the program was provided through that partnership and the AIDS Omnibus bill.
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PMID:PEP: peer education in health for student empowerment. 233 34

The subject matter for this 26th Annual Hanford Life Sciences Symposium evolved from the deliberations of a Task Group on Modeling for Scaling to Humans, which was established in January 1986 through the efforts of the Office of Health and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy (OHER/DOE). Several laboratories that utilize animals in radiobiological research sponsored by the OHER/DOE were extensively reviewed in the spring of 1985, and, as a result, OHER recommended establishment of eight task groups designed for selected purposes. The current membership of the Task Group on Modeling for Scaling to Humans is shown in Table 1; Dr. James A. Mewhinney of the Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute has been Chairman since these Task Groups were established. Ms. Judy Mahaffey of Battelle. Pacific Northwest Laboratories served as chairperson for this symposium, and the Task Group membership has served as the Program Committee. The OHER/DOE thanks all of them for their work as members of the Task Group as well as for their arranging such a potentially productive and informative meeting.
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PMID:Modeling for scaling to humans: time to get serious. 260 76

Behavioral responses to ELF electric and magnetic fields are reviewed starting with the simple sensory awareness or detection by an animal and moving on through more-complicated behavioral responses such as behavior that averts exposure. The literature selected in this review is taken primarily from the area of behavioral toxicology. As such, it does not review work on specialized response systems to ELF fields. The most notable of these omitted specialized response systems are electroreception, (see Kalmijn, this volume), which occurs in a number of fish species, and homing/navigation and communication of the location of food that occurs in several species of birds and in honeybees, respectively. The toxicologic orientation of most researches that evaluate the effects of exposure to ELF electric and magnetic fields has been influenced primarily by the "missions" of DOE and the power industry programs to determine the health effects of power frequency (50- and 60-Hz) electric and magnetic fields. Because of these large programmatic efforts, most of the recent research has in fact been done at 50 or 60 Hz. In the context of the above limitations, remarkably few robust behavioral effects have been reported. Those that have been reported probably relate to an animal's perception of the electric field, although there are some exceptions to this generalization. The apparent lack of deleterious effects in animals is consistent with recent studies on humans that have been conducted in the UK. With this in mind, it is tempting to conclude that exposure to an ELF field is a rather innocuous event and, other than possible mini-shocks, is without hazard. However, if this is the case, then what sense are we to make of reports of altered neural function (other than behavior) that result from exposure to ELF fields (e.g., suppressed melatonin and SNAT activity in the rat pineal; efflux of calcium ions from brain cortices; histological change in the cerebellum and hippocampus following perinatal exposure, etc.)? Are these neural effects no more than "noise" to the behaving organism? Possible reasons form the disparity between cell biology, neurochemistry, and behavior have been presented in this chapter, and based on the hypothesized reasons for the existing disparity, a number of experiments were suggested.
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PMID:Recent studies in the behavioral toxicology of ELF electric and magnetic fields. 327 29

The U.S. Department of Energy has selected three sites, from five nominated, to characterize for a nuclear repository to permanently dispose of nuclear waste. This decision was made without the benefit of an analysis of this "portfolio" problem. This paper analyzes different portfolios of three sites for simultaneous characterization and strategies for sequential characterization. Characterization of each site, which involves significant subsurface excavation, is now estimated to cost $1 billion. Mainly because of the high characterization costs, sequential characterization strategies are identified which are the equivalent of $1.7-2.0 billion less expensive than the selected DOE simultaneous characterization of the three sites. If three sites are simultaneously characterized, one portfolio is estimated to be the equivalent of $100-400 million better than the selected DOE portfolio. Because of these potential savings and several other complicating factors that may influence the relative desirability of characterization strategies, a thorough analysis of characterization strategies that addresses the likelihood of finding disqualifying conditions during site characterization, uncertainties, and dependencies in forecast site repository costs, preclosure and postclosure health and safety impacts, potential delays of both sequential and simultaneous characterization strategies, and the environmental, socioeconomic, and health and safety impacts of characterization activities is recommended.
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PMID:An analysis of the portfolio of sites to characterize for selecting a nuclear repository. 361 99

Available methodology was adapted to synthesize a labeled diether analog of 2-phosphatidylcholine (1,3-di-O-9'-cis-[9',10' (n)-3H]octadecenylglycero-2-phosphocholine [( 3H]DOE-2-PC). Unilamellar liposomes prepared by sonication from this phospholipid were injected into rats and, 4 h later, 65-78% of injected label was recovered in the liver. Thereafter, liver radioactivity disappeared with a half-life of 2-3 days. The radioactivity lost from the liver was recovered in the feces and in bile. Analysis of liver radioactivity showed that at all time intervals examined (4 h to 3 days after injection), 90% of the label remained as phospholipid. These findings provide evidence that this structural isomer is not readily metabolized, but is fairly rapidly eliminated from the liver. Of the 10% recovered as neutral lipid, 70% comigrated with diacylglycerol and 30% with triacylglycerol. Similar results were obtained when human hepatoma G2 cells in culture were incubated with [3H]DOE-2-PC liposomes. Following incubation of liposomes with liver homogenates, up to 10% conversion of [3H]DOE-2PC to neutral lipid occurred at pH 4.6, but not at pH 7.4. These data show that conversion of [3H]DOE-2-PC to dialkenylglycerol is catalyzed by a lysosomal enzyme. In separate experiments with cultured cells, sonicated dispersions of DOE-2-PC were mixed with high-density apolipoprotein and were shown to enhance markedly cellular cholesterol efflux. This novel diether phospholipid fulfills some of the criteria required of liposomes for their ability to remove cholesterol from the periphery as well as for drug delivery to the liver, i.e., stability in the circulation, marked hepatic uptake, slow metabolism, and elimination from the body.
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PMID:Metabolic fate and effect on cholesterol removal of liposomes prepared from 1,3-di-O-octadecenylglycero-2-phosphocholine studied in vivo and in vitro. 367 42

The U.S. Uranium Registry tissue program was established in December 1980. It is patterned after the U.S. Transuranium Registry program. Both are funded by DOE. The objectives of the program are to: (1) detect the presence and distribution of uranium, if any, in human tissue in occupationally exposed workers, (2) compare bioassay and in vivo measurements for exposed individuals with the results of analysis of tissue obtained at autopsy, (3) seek evidence of histopathological changes related to any uranium deposition found, (4) conduct analyses of whole bodies, when available, to obtain more precise data on the uranium burdens, if any, in the body and organs, and especially the distribution in parts of the body, such as most of the skeleton, that are not usually accessible for sampling. The program will include (1) participants who have been permissibly exposed, (2) participants who were exposed at a time when current limits did not exist and (3) reference individuals without exposure. The program will develop data that will assist in evaluating (1) the accuracy of current in vivo measurement techniques, (2) the propriety of existing regulations and (3) the adequacy of current protection programs. Enrollment in the program is voluntary.
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PMID:The U.S. Uranium Registry tissue program. 640 26


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