Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0231530 (twitching)
 2,043 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A single oral administration of allylnitrile, crotononitrile or 2-pentenenitrile in rats induced behavioral abnormalities, such as head-twitching, head weaving, hindlimb abduction, backward pedaling and pivoting. The head-twitching, which was most consistently observed, was suppressed by serotonin (5-HT) antagonists, cyproheptadine or methysergide or by the 5-HT depleter, dl-p-chlorophenylalanine but was accentuated by the 5-HT releaser, dl-p-chloroamphetamine. The results suggest that the 5-HT system is involved in producing the behavioral abnormalities. To discover the effects of allylnitrile, crotononitrile and 2-pentenenitrile on the metabolism of 5-HT and dopamine, 6 areas of the brain of the rat were examined on days 1, 6, 15 and 30 after injection. Each of the nitriles caused significant increases in the level of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and in the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT, one day after injection. The increase in 5-HIAA was most remarkable, suggesting an enhancement of the serotonergic system. The three nitriles had no effect on the metabolism of dopamine, over a period of 30 days.
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PMID:Behavioral syndrome induced by allylnitrile, crotononitrile or 2-pentenenitrile in rats. 172 10

Guanidinoethanesulfonic acid (GES) is known to induce convulsive seizures when administered intracisternally to rabbits and cats. The effects of GES on behavior, electroencephalographic recording and brain monoamine levels were examined in mice. When GES (900 nmol) was intraventricularly injected into mice, focal clonic movements of the face, vibrissae and ears together with twitching of the limbs were observed 0.5-1 min after the injection. Hypersensitivity was observed up to 7 min after the injection, after which the mice behaved normally. GES also induced sporadic spike discharges on electrocorticogram. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of the GES-injected mice were lower than those of the saline-injected mice in the hippocampus, diencephalon, pons-medulla oblongata and cerebellum 5 min after the injection. No changes in the norepinephrine or dopamine levels were found after the GES injection. The level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid increased in the striatum and cerebellum 5 min after the GES injection. These results suggest that GES-induced convulsive activities enhance the serotonergic neuroactivity in order to suppress the convulsions.
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PMID:Effect of guanidinoethanesulfonic acid on brain monoamines in the mouse. 172 53

A distinct syndrome with continuous motor neuron discharges apparently developed in seven members of a single family, involving both sexes and spanning three generations. Persistent vermiform twitching and episodic stiffness predominantly in lower extremity muscles occurred in early childhood and tended to be less severe in adulthood. In 2 patients the clinical manifestations improved with oral phenytoin and carbamazepine but not with parenteral diazepam. Insertional activity was normal, and continuous, rhythmical, normal-appearing muscle discharges were observed on electromyography. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were increased in the proband. The disappearance of continuous muscle discharges during spinal anesthesia and the lack of response to diazepam indicated generation of the discharges from the proximal portion of the motor unit.
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PMID:A dominantly inherited syndrome with continuous motor neuron discharges. 684 41

Allylnitrile induces in rats persistent behavioral abnormalities, including head twitching, following a single administration. We studied the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) systems in the brain of rats in inducing and maintaining the head twitching. Allynitrile (1.49 mmol/kg) induced 5-HT system activation in all areas of the brain studied 1-4 days after oral administration, and a reduction in the content of NA in the hippocampus, cortex and hypothalamus 1 day after dosing, in the hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus and midbrain 2 days after dosing, and in the hypothalamus 4 days after dosing. Allylnitrile induced no change in the content of 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) or NA 7-28 days after dosing. Pretreatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) suppressed the allylnitrile-induced head twitching, and decreased the contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in almost all areas of the brain throughout the observation period, as well as the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT in the medulla oblongata plus pons from 1 to 30 days after dosing with allylnitrile. No change in NA was observed in any areas of the brain. Pretreatment with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) increased the head twitching induced by allylnitrile, and decreased the content of NA in all areas of the brain throughout the observation period, without any change in the contents of 5-HT or 5-HIAA or in the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT. The present results suggest the involvement of 5-HT and NA systems in allylnitrile-induced head twitching.
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PMID:Involvement of noradrenergic and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic systems in allylnitrile-induced head twitching. 750 31