Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0221002 (primary hyperparathyroidism)
 4,921 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a major cause of calcium urolithiasis and is easily recognised when it is classically manifested. However, subtle presentations of primary hyperparathyroidism may cause confusion with other causes of calcium stone disease or cause diagnostic difficulty. Several pitfalls of parathyroid evaluation and treatment are illustrated by four cases of calcium urolithiasis. Cases 1 and 2 represent ineffective or useless parathyroid surgery rendered for renal hypercalciuria and absorptive hypercalciuria, respectively. Cases 3 and 4 had mild or intermittent hypercalcaemia. The correct diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was made in Case 3 by parathyroid venous sampling and bone densitometry. In Case 4, the thiazide provocative test was used to establish the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Pitfalls in parathyroid evaluation in patients with calcium urolithiasis. 50 80

Phosphate concentration was found to be significantly elevated in the saliva of uremic patients (dialyzed and non-dialyzed) when compared to normal subjects and to dialysis patients after parathyroidectomy. Salivary calcium concentrations were similar in all groups examined. As increased salivary phosphate was found also in primary hyperparathyroidism, we attribute our findings to the secondary hyperparathyroidism of the uremic state.
 ...
PMID:Salivary phosphate and calcium concentrations in uremia. 50 92

1. The distribution of intact parathyroid hormone-(1-84) [PTH-(1-84)] and of its COOH-terminal fragments was determined in human serum by column chromatography. In addition to PTH-(1-84) (peak I), COOH-terminal fragments having molecular weights of approximately 4000-7000 (peak II) and immunoreactive components co-eluting with human PTH-(1-12) (peak III) were observed. 2. Mean concentrations of intact PTH-(-84) and of its COOH-terminal fragments were significantly raised in chronic renal failure as compared with those of normal subjects. Mean amounts of peak II were higher in patients with chronic renal insufficiency than in nutritional vitamin D deficiency, in pseudohypoparathyroidism and in primary hyperparathyroidism, despite comparable amounts of PTH-(1-84). 3. In chronic renal failure as well as in a group of patients with vitamin D deficiency, pseudohypoparathyroidism and primary hyperparathyroidism and in controls, significant linear relations were found between the serum concentrations of calcium and log (peak II/peak I). Our findings suggest that the conversion of intact PTH-(1-84) into COOH-terminal fragments by the parathyroid glands (resulting in a raised secretion of fragments) and/or in peripheral organs may be directly related to the serum concentration of calcium. However, the degradation of the fragments may also be suppressed in a calcium-dependent manner.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of circulating immunoreactive components of parathyroid hormone in normal subjects and in patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism: the role of the kidney and of the serum calcium concentration. 51 52

A case is presented of nephrolithiasis in a patient with no other symptoms than the urological ones and in which considerable hypercalcemia led to a study being carried out on his phospho-calcium metabolism and the diagnosis reached was primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a parathyroid adenoma. Surgical treatment was performed on the lithiasis and the adenoma as a result of which the symptoms completely disappeared and the biochemical readings returned to normal.
 ...
PMID:[Parathyroid adenoma and renal lithiasis. Report of a case]. 52 57

Nuclear diameter was measured in 55 parathyroid chief-cell adenomas to determine its value in histological diagnosis and to assess its relationship to other features of primary hyperparathyroidism. Mean nuclear diameter for the whole group of adenomas was significantly greater than that for the accompanying normal glands. Mean nuclear diameter in individual adenomas was significantly greater than that in the accompanying normal gland in 27 out of 34 cases. Nuclear diameter was correlated with tumour weight and with plasma calcium but was not correlated with duration of history. It was significantly greater in the group of patients with overt bone disease than in those with kidney stones and in those with neither kidney stones nor overt bone disease. Assessment of nuclear diameter is of value in histological diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. The rate of growth of the adenoma may be a factor determining nuclear diameter.
 ...
PMID:Nuclear diameter in parathyroid adenomas. 53 62

In order to investigate the frequency of fasting hypergastrinaemia in primary hyperparathyroidism (A) and in chronic hypercalcaemia (B), in 40 and 16 patients respectively gastrin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium levels were measured and compared with those of a control group (40 subjects) with similar distribution of sex and age. Moreover, possible linear relationships between these parameters were investigated. Notwithstanding significant differences in calcium and PTH levels between the three groups (A: high PTH, high Ca++; B: low PTH, high Ca++; C: normal PTH and Ca++ levels), no significant difference in gastrin levels were found. However, in the first group, a marked increase of gastrin was observed in one patient, very probably affected by a gastrin-secreting tumor (positive secretin test). While no linear relationship between PTH and gastrin values was present in all the three groups, a significant correlation between serum calcium and fasting gastrin was detectable in the group A, ruling-out the above mentioned patient. Present data suggest that PTH does not modify gastrin levels and that chronic moderate hypercalcaemia does not raise serum fasting gastrin, at least in clinical conditions. Moreover, the frequency of hypergastrinaemia in hyperparathyroidism is very low and it seems to be present only in patients with gastrin-secreting tumors.
 ...
PMID:Fasting serum gastrin in primary hyperparathyroidism and in chronic hypercalcemia. 54 29

Aim of the present study was to establish the limits and difficulties prevailing in RIA of PTH due to different specificity of antisera. Studies were carried out on normal volunteers and 36 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) employing two different assay techniques a) 211/32 antiserum from Wellcome Lab. and b) Immuno Nuclear Corporation Kit. Plasma iPTH values were higher in most primary HPT patients than in normal subjects with both techniques. It is possible nevertheless to differentiate the primary HPT patients with normal plasma iPTH values from normal subjects by correlating plasma iPTH values with corresponding serum calcium values.
 ...
PMID:[Values and limitations of the radioimmunological determination of plasma parathyroid hormone in the study of the functional activity of the parathyroid glands]. 55 Aug 92

The authors measured the degree of hypocalcaemia (delta Ca S), hypophosphataemia and the fall in urinary hydroxyproline excretion induced by an intramuscular injection of 100 MRC U of synthetic salmon calcitonin (S.C.T.) during the 24 hours following the injection. In 15 control subjects, the fall in plasma calcium was slight ( - 2.1 +/- 0.9 mg/l) but significant. In bone diseases involving hyperosteoclastosis, the degree of hypocalcaemia was much greater: 10.6 +/- 1.1 mg/l in 24 cases of Paget's disease, - 9.0 +/- 1.6 mg/l in 5 cases of diffuse malignant disease of bone, - 8.0 +/- 1.4 mg/l in 6 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism and - 3.5 +/- 0.8 mg/l in 13 cases of algodystrophy of the limbs. In the subjects studied as a whole there was a significant linear relationship between the delta Ca S and the extent of the trabecular surfaces of osteoclastic resorption, but not between delta Ca S and total 24 hour urinary hydroxyproline excretion. The S.C.T. hypocalcaemia test would appear to be a simple means for the evaluation of osteoclastic activity within the skeleton, and thus to select those bone disorders which should respond to antiosteoclastic therapy (calcitonin, diphosphonates).
 ...
PMID:[Induced hypocalcaemia test using salmon calcitonin as a means for the evaluation of osteoclastic activity (author's transl)]. 56 8

The degree of bone mineralization and the bone mineral content (BMC) was evaluated in 6 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The degree of bone mineralization was estimated as the phosphorus/hydroxyproline ratio (P/Hypro) in bone biopsies; BMC was estimated by photon absorptiometry on both forearms. The mena values of both parameters were significantly lower than normal (P less than 0.001 for P/Hypro; P less than 0.02 for BMC). As no significant correlation was found between P/Hypro and BMC in hyperparathyroidism, the findings of low values of P/Hypro and of BMC in patients with elevated serum calcium point to primary hyperparathyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Bone mineralization and bone mineral content in primary hyperparathyroidism. 57 47

Three patients with nephrolithiasis were found to have both medullary sponge kidney (MSK) and primary hyperparathyroidism. In all cases, urine calcium excretion returned to normal after parathyroidectomy. The passage of stones was abolished for more than 20 years in one case and for more than 12 years in another. The available data suggest that many patients with MSK are asymptomatic and that the risk of stone formation is increased by an associated metabolic abnormality such as hypercalciuria or hyperparathyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism. A cause of hypercalciuria and renal stones in patients with medullary sponge kidney. 57 83


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>