Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0221002 (primary hyperparathyroidism)
 4,921 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuromuscular function was evaluated in six patients with osteomalacia or secondary hyperparathyroidism, or both, as demonstrated by bone biopsy showing osteomalacia or increased immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, or both. Each patient had weakness, atrophy, and fatigability of proximal muscles, especially of the lower extremities. Most also showed involuntary fine movements of the tongue, hyperactive tendon reflexes with abnormal spread, and decreased vibration sensation, abnormalities similar to those observed in primary hyperparathyroidism. Every patient studies had evidence of neuropathic muscle disease, either on electromyography or muscle biopsy studies histochemically or both. Muscle biopsies showed no definite myopathic features. Treatment of the osteomalacia improved muscle strength. Patients with osteomalacia therefore have a treatable neuromuscular disease that is neuropathic in nature and resembles closely that found in primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Neuromuscular disease in secondary hyperparathyroidism. 4 34

The density of bone in the distal third of the radius was measured in 13 men and 17 women with primary hyperparathyroidism. The bone density was significantly reduced (as compared to age-matched controls) in 7 of 11 postmenopausal women. However, it was reduced in only 2 of 13 men and in 1 of 6 premenopausal women. Thus, most of the postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism had low bone density, whereas most men and premenopausal women with this condition had normal bone density. The results support the conclusion that oestrogen deficiency may contribute to the development of bone disease by sensitising bone to the action of parathyroid hormone.
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PMID:Photon absorptiometric analysis of bone density in primary hyperparathyroidism. 4 47

Primary hyperparathyroidism is an uncommon disease in which the amount of parathyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream is increased. Therefore, bony changes are often found in the prolonged or severe cases of hyperparathyroidism. This study describes and discusses the relationship between cystical radiolucent lesion in the left mandible of 29-year-old Japanese male and hyperparathyroidism which has the feature of bony changes.
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PMID:Oral bony lesion in a patient with medical history of hyperparathyroidism. 10 37

The in vitro effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on RNA and heme synthesis by embryonic mouse liver erythroid precursors was examined. PTH produced a dose-dependent effect on RNA synthesis. A maximal increase of 60 +/- 16% (p less than 0.02) was observed with 1.0 U PTH/ml, whereas with higher concentrations a significant decline was found. Furthermore, PTH stimulated heme synthesis after 24 h of incubation. The maximal enhancement of 32 +/- 7% (p less than 0.01) was observed with 0.5 U PTH/ml, a lower effect was obtained with 1.0 U PTH/ml, while 2.0 U PTH/ml caused a pronounced decrease of heme synthesis. These data indicate that PTH affects directly the erythroid precursors by a mechanism similar to that of erythropoietin. The inhibitory effect on the RNA synthesis observed with large doses of PTH may explain at least one of the causes of the anemia reported in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Increased RNA and heme synthesis in mouse erythroid precursors by parathyroid hormone. 10 88

Early effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency were studied in 12 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to single parathyroid adenoma by following the precise time course of changes in plasma calcium (Ca) and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) after parathyroid surgery and by prelabeling 2 patients with radiocalcium (Ca*). Surgical removal of the adenoma was immediately followed by a sudden increase in plasma Ca which preceded the usual fall. The increase in plasma Ca commenced simultaneously with the fall in iPTH and was accompanied by a parallel increase in specific activity (sp. act.) of plasma Ca*. Specific activity continued to rise for 2 h in both prelabeled patients, whereas blood calcium was already falling thereafter reaching a markedly low removal rate constant as long as plasma Ca decreased. When plasma Ca began to rise, sp. act. resumed a descending course. Our findings indicate that the initial hypercalemia depends on PTH withdrawal and results from a rapid flux into general extracellular fluid (ECF) of calcium coming from a compartment with higher sp. act., contained within the miscible pool, immediately followed by a reduction in calcium transfer from bone. These results suggest that acute PTH deficiency determines an outflow of calcium from bone cells and support the theory that PTH initiates its action by modifying their intracellular calcium content.
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PMID:Significance of early increase in stable and radioactive plasma calcium after parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism. 11 82

Twelve parathyroid chief cell adenomas from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were incubated in a tissue culture system in the presence of different calcium concentrations and for various time periods. The endocrine response of the tissue was examined electron microscopically and radioimmunologically. After incubation in a medium of low calcium concentration the parathyroid adenomas showed ultrastructural signs of stimulation with proliferation of the hormone-synthesizing organelles. The development of the ultrastructural response could first be observed after four hours and increased up to several days. Radioimmunologically, an increase of the hormone secretion could be demonstrated. Converse results were obtained after incubation of the tumor tissue under suppressive culture conditions. To check for de-novo synthesis of the hormone released the tissue was incubated in a 75Se-methionine-containing medium. This resulted in radioactivity of the secreted parathyroid hormone, indicating de novo synthesis in our culture system. The biological potency of the released hormone was demonstrated by comparison of the PTH out of the medium with the international human MRC standard using two different radioassays.
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PMID:Correlation of electron microscopic and secretory response of human parathyroid adenomas with different calcium concentrations in organ culture. 15 Jan 11

1. The metabolism of an intravenous pulse dose of double-isotope-labelled cholecalciferol has been studied in control subjects with widely differing states of vitamin D nutrition and in patients with primary disorders of parathyroid function. 2. The formation of labelled 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] and labelled 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)2D3] has been related to the prevailing concentrations in serum of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D3], immunoreactive parathyroid hormonel, calcium and orthophosphate (Pi). 3. In control subjects with relative vitamin D deficiency [serum 25-(OH)2D3 was related inversely to the serum 25-(OH)D3 and serum calcium, and directly to serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. No formation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was detectable to form labelled 24,25(OH)2D3 preferentially. 4. No control subject produced significant amounts of both labelled 1,25-(OH)2D3 and labelled 24,25-(OH)2D3 simultaneously. 5. All subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism produced significant amounts of labelled 1,25-(OH)2D3 and labelled 24,25-(OH)2D3 simultaneously; the renal turnover of 25-(OH)D3 was apparently greater than in nutritionally matched controls. Serum labelled 1,25-(OH)2D3 in this disease was not correlated with serum 25-(OH)D3, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, calcium or Pi. Production of labelled 24,25-(OH)2D3 was inappropriately high for the prevailing nutritional state. 6. The indirectly estimated their concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 showed only a fourfold variation in control subjects (45-180 pmol/l), compatible with its having a regulated hormonal function. 7. The data suggest that the production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 from a pulse dose of cholecalciferol is normally regulated, directly or indirectly, by the parathyroid hormone.
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PMID:Vitamin D metabolism and parathyroid function in man. 16 31

Urinary adenosine -3' ,5' - cyclic monophosphate was measured in 14 patients with hypercalcaemia not caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. Increased levels were found in patients with malignant disease without bone metastases and believed to be examples of paraendocrine syndrome. Decreased levels were found in patients with metastatic carcinoma involving bone, and in patients with multiple myeloma, lymphoma and immobilisation after fracture. Results obtained during treatment for hypercalaemia are described in three patients. In two hypercalcaemic patients (one with hyperthyroidism and one with breast cancer with bone metastases) normal levels were found. This measurement is a useful substitute for assay of serum parathyroid hormone and is of value in the diagnosis of hypercalcaemia, in monitoring effects of treatment and in revealing underlying mechanisms.
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PMID:Urinary cyclic AMP in diagnosis and management of hypercalcaemia: studies of patients without primary hyperparathyroidism. 16 77

Hypercalcemia is very uncommon in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Two cases of this neoplasm associated with symptomatic hypercalcemia are described. Despite normal skeletal roentgenograms, metastatic bone disease was demonstrated by abnormal bone scans and bone biopsies in both patients. The combination of conventional antihypercalcemia therapy, cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy, and synthetic salmon calcitonin corrected the hypercalcemia despite progression of the small cell carcinoma. One patient with elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a parathyroid adenoma at autopsy. This association emphasizes that in cases of bronchogenic small cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia, conincidental primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Coincident parathyroid adenoma in one case. 17 Oct 50

Effects of parathyroidectomy on parathyroid function and calcium (Ca) metabolism were carefully evaluated in 6 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism without symptoms normally attributed to the disease and in 7 with bone disease or nephrolithiasis. Before parathyroidectomy, both groups of patients demonstrated evidence of the sequelae of parathyroid hormone (PTH) excess, since they presented one or more of the following features: low bone density by 125I-photon absorption, hypercalciuria (urinary Ca greater than 200 mg/day on an intake of 400 mg/day), negative Ca balance (absorbed Ca less than urinary Ca), elevated fasting urinary Ca greater than 0.2 mg/mg creatinine for a night-time sample after a 6-hour fast), and decreased renal function (creatinine clearance of less than 65 ml/min). Following parathyroidectomy, most of these deleterious effects were reversed commensurate with the return of immunoreactive serum PTH, serum Ca, and urinary cyclic AMP toward normal. These quantitative non-invasive techniques may be useful for the initial evaluation and follow-up of patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of parathyroidectomy in asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. 17 69


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