Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0221002 (primary hyperparathyroidism)
 4,921 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phosphate stones are divided in two groups: I. Infection stones = triple phosphate stones (struvite and carbonate apatite). II. Calcium phosphate stones = Hydroxy apatite. Ad I. For the formation of this stone, infection with urease-producing bacteria is essential. It is important to look for factors that cause infection and for metabolic abnormalities. Three possibilities for treatment are discussed: Acidifying the urine: orally with NH4NO3 or NH4Cl; dosage is possible up to 12 g a day (metabolic acidosis!). Irrigation for instance with Renacidin ; when using a nephrostomy-tube, one can start 5 days after the operation. It is important to look for fever and flank pain. Especially useful in cases with small residual stones. Reduction of phosphate excretion in urine ( Shorr -regimen). Some aluminium combinations reduce the intestinal phosphate absorption as a result of the formation of a nonabsorbable aluminium-phosphate combination. This can be combined with a low calcium- and phosphate diet. In several publications good results are shown. Also when using a less rigid regimen, satisfactory results are seen: decrease of the phosphate excretion from 30 to 17 mmol/24 h (own investigation). Urease-inhibitors result in a lower urine-pH and a decrease of the ammonium-concentration. there are only a few publications with results, but AHA seems able to reduce the stone size in 24% of the patients. Ad II. This stone is concerning formation and treatment much like the calcium oxalate stone. In case of an alkaline urine one must look for primary hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Conservative therapy of phosphate calculi]. 653 26

Some epidemiological aspects of Paget's disease were examined using questionnaires completed by 864 patients with physician-diagnosed Paget's disease and 500 controls of similar ages. Specifically studied were issues of familial aggregation of the disorder, history of exposure to certain infectious diseases, other medical disorders, and calcium intake (as assessed by milk consumption) in childhood. A history of Paget's disease in a first-degree relative was noted in 12% of patients and 2% of controls. Among patients, those with a positive family history had an earlier mean age at diagnosis and a greater prevalence of bone deformity than patients with a negative family history. The risk of a first-degree relative of a pagetic patient developing Paget's disease was 7 times greater than the risk of an individual without such a relative, and the cumulative risk to age 90 for a first-degree relative of a patient was 9%, compared with a 2% risk in a person without affected relatives. The risk to the relative was greatest if the patient had an age at diagnosis of less than 55 years and had deforming bone disease. There was no difference between patients and controls for a variety of viral infections, including measles, and no difference in ownership of dogs and possible exposure to canine viruses. Diabetes was more common in controls than in patients, but arthritis, skeletal fractures, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, and thyroid disease (in women) and renal stones (in men) were reported more commonly by patients. Milk consumption during childhood and adolescence was lower in patients than in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiological aspects of Paget's disease: family history and relationship to other medical conditions. 800 30

Severe hypercalcemia is mainly caused by inappropriately high concentrations of compounds which promote bone resorption, in particular PTH, PTHrP, or 1,25 (OH)2D3. The major consequences are impaired central nervous system and kidney function (polyuria/dehydration); the latter, in turn, aggravate hypercalcemia via decreased fluid intake, mobility, and renal calcium clearance. The most common causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyperparathyroidism and tumors, drugs (in particular thiazides, lithium, vitamin D and vitamin A and their derivatives), granulomatous and infectious diseases. The patient with mild hypercalcemia should be controlled (and if necessary operated on for adenoma of the parathyroid glands), while the patient with acute severe hypercalcemia needs to be treated immediately by (1.) 0.9% NaCl i.v. to restore plasma volume, (2.) bisphophonates i.v. to block bone resorption, and (3.) therapy for the underlying disorder.
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PMID:[Hypercalcemia]. 802 86

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is a leading world-wide infectious disease as it affects more than half of the world population and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies. The infection elicits a chronic cellular inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa. However, the effects of this local inflammation may not be confined solely to the digestive tract but may spread to involve extra-intestinal tissues and/or organs. Indeed, H pylori infection has been epidemiologically linked to extra-digestive conditions and diseases. In this context, it has been speculated that H pylori infection may be responsible for various endocrine disorders, such as autoimmune thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, osteoporosis and primary hyperparathyroidism. This is a review of the relationship between H pylori infection and these endocrine disorders.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori infection and endocrine disorders: is there a link? 1952 19