Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0220723 (PCA)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In outbred Lister hooded rats and inbred BALB/c mice, the IgE antibody response to CE induced in the presence of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, is more difficult to suppress with high doses of antigen and/or frequent administration of antigen, than are such responses to DNP4.3-OA. Both types of IgE antibody were assayed by PCA in rats challenged with 1 mg of CE or DNP26-BSA. Unlike the rat system, anti-CE IgE responses could be induced in the BALB/c mouse in the absence of adjuvant. After a long course of weekly injections the IgE titer was the same (1 in 160) in all groups of mice given 6 ng to 630 micrograms/injection. The threshold sensitivity to CE of PCA induced by 1 in 5 dilutions of these sera ranged from 0.3 micrograms for sera from mice immunized with 6 ng per injection up to 10 micrograms for sera from mice immunized with 630 micrograms per injection. Only a small part of this difference in sensitivity could be accounted for by the presence of blocking antibody.
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PMID:Effect of allergenic structure on IgE levels in rats and mice. 50 82

Relationship between delayed-in-onset erythema and infiltrating leucocytes in the skin reaction site of Jones-Mote type hypersensitivity was observed in guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs were immunized with formalin-fixed (F-SRBC) or native form (N-SRBC) of sheep red blood cells in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Elicitation was carried out with intradermal injection of F-SRBC or N-SRBC in saline 1 or 3 weeks after immunization. One week after immunization with F-SRBC or N-SRBC in IFA, erythema accompanied by basophil infiltration was detected, but antibody production was negative. Erythema reached a peak at 24 h, but basophil infiltration reached a peak at 48 h or later. In the skin reaction site elicited with N-SRBC, high levels of basophil infiltration were detected persistently even after erythema had disappeared. Three weeks after immunization, low titres of PCA (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis) were detected in guinea-pigs immunized with F-SRBC in IFA. At that time erythematous skin reaction was detected, but the level of basophil infiltration was lower than that of 1 week after immunization. In guinea-pigs immunized with N-SRBC in IFA, skin reaction of the Arthus type accompanied by haemorrhage was observed at the site elicited with N-SRBC.
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PMID:Dissociation of erythema and basophil accumulation in Jones-Mote type hypersensitivity in the guinea-pig. 54 Jan 1

In young rats (n = 117), with a liver weight of 9.9 +/- 1.6 g ("small livers"), the decrease of total liver blood flow was followed by necrosis of liver parenchymal cells in the first two postoperative weeks. These alterations induced by haemodynamic disorders occured since the hepatic artery-although dilated to its maximum--was insufficient to compensate completely for the decrease of the portal hepatic blood flow. In old rats (n = 33) with a liver weight of nearly the double (19.5 +/- 1.9 g; "big livers") the extrem haemodynamic situation after PCA with a more less sufficient arterial hepatic blood supply was followed by complete liver necrosis including necrosis of the v. Kupffer cells. Rats having survived the PCA-operation showed liver cell necrosis in a more less degree as opposed to the early changes. These changes were not thought to be due to persisting haemodynamic disorders but due to endotoxaemia as found in 85% of the animals by means of the Limulus Gelation Test.
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PMID:[Effects of porto-caval end-to-side-anastomosis on the liver of rats (author's transl)]. 59 45

Ther serum concentration of normal adult goat total IgG was established to be 19.97 +/- 1.55 mg/ml, the IgG1 10.92 +/- 0.84 mg/ml and IgG2 9.07 +/- 0.78 mg/ml. No significant variations were found to be associated with the seasons of the year but changes in concentration, especially in serum IgG1 occur ante- and post-partum. In goat colostrum, the IgG concentration is about 2.4-2.8 times greater than in serum and the IgG1 subclass accounts for 95-98 per cent. During the immune response the IgG1 rises sharply whereas variations in IgG2 concentration are less evident. Both IgG subclasses are active in haemagglutination, although the IgG1 is 22-52 times more efficient. As in all ruminants, only IgG1 fixes complement in the classical test. Differences exist between IgG subclasses in their ability to induce PCA reactions. IgG2 subclass is active only in homologous species whereas the IgGl in heterologous species. Cytophilic activity is associated with IgG2 subclass.
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PMID:Biological properties of goat immunoglobulins G. 60 75

PCA was measured for human PRP by determining recalcification times assayed in a minimal-dilution, controlled PH/PCO2 system in a siliconized cuvette, with the use of light transmission measurements (aggregometry). Platelet shape, aggregation, and plasma clotting end points were assayed photometrically, with platelet morphology and aggregation studied in parallel by light microscopy. With varying concentrations of ADP preincubated with PRP initially containing essentially disc-shaped platelets, it was found that induced shape change in the absence of an aggregation is necessary and sufficient for the development of PCA. This was consistently measurable as a shortening of recalcification times by approximately 50% for suspensions of shape-changed platelets vs. disc-shaped platelets. The pharmacologic inhibition of the endoperoxide pathway-mediated platelet secondary aggregation and release by aspirin administered in vivo does not impair the ability of human platelets to develop this PCA. Inhibition of shape change with amounts of 5'-adenosine monophosphate insufficient to affect coagulation tests in the absence of platelets leads to 80% to 90% inhibition of the ADP-induced PCA. This PCA is shown to be fully reversible, with morphologic reversion of shape-changed platelets to the discoid form, and is shown to be distinct from other PCAs previously described for platelets activated in different ways, such as PF3 activity. It is suggested that the binding of coagulation factors to the platelet membrane may be regulated concomitantly with shape change.
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PMID:A platelet procoagulant activity associated with platelet shape change. 68 25

All of the five commercially available benzylpenicillin preparations obtained from different sources and a PcG preparation prepared by filtration of a commercial PcG on Sephadex G10 elicited the systemic anaphylactic reactions in guinea pigs which had been immunized with benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-Ascaris extract conjugate (BPO-As) mixed with aluminum bydroxide gel. These preparations could evoke no such reactions in guinea pigs immunized with BPO-bovine gamma globulin conjugate (BPO-BGG) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. The severity of the systemic anaphylactic reactions correlated significantly with the titers of either 8-day passive cutaneous anaphylactic (8-day PCA) reactions or 4-hr PCA reactions evoked with the same benzylpenicillin preparations. In vitro benzylpenicillin preparation contracted the tracheas of the guinea pigs immunized with BPO-As. These results indicated that the commercially available benzylpenicillin preparations have enough antigenicity to evoke systemic anaphylactic reactions in guinea pigs immunized with BPO-As mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel. Such guinea pigs represent an animal model for investigation of penicillin allergy.
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PMID:Benzylpenicillin preparations can evoke a systemic anaphylactic reaction in guinea pigs. 70 62

The disposition of morphine when administered by i.m. injection was studied in 36 patients receiving morphine as part of premedication before general anaesthesia, and in five patients who received morphine as a postoperative analgesic after median sternotomy for coronary artery surgery (PCA group). Maximum plasma concentration of morphine (CP max) was 75.3 +/- 6.0 (mean elimination rate constant (k) 4.85 X 10(-3) min-1 and half-life (T1/2) = 143 min for the preanaesthetic group. The corresponding values for PCA group were CPmax = 58.0 +/- 18.0 ng ml-1 (range 30--130 ng ml-1), k = 5.63 X 10(-3) min-1 and T 1/2 = 123 min. Analysis of variance showed no differences between the groups. Within the preanaesthetic group, there was a significant difference in k between males (k = 4.01 X 10(-3) min-1) and females (6.30 X 10(-3) min-1, P less than 0.01). The corresponding T 1/2 for males was 173 min; and 110 min for females. The variation in the disposition of morphine is thought to be the result of variations in resting muscle blood flow and inadvertent injection into adipose tissue. There were no significant differences between males and females in the preanaesthetic group with respect to age, Cpmax or time from injection to Cpmax.
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PMID:Variation in the disposition of morphine after i.m. administration in surgical patients. 71 82

Treatment with the 5-HT neurotoxins p-chloroamphetamine (PCA, 2 X 10 mg/kg) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, 2 X 6 microgram intracerebrally) stimulated the display of all aspects of sexual behavior, including ejaculations, by castrated male rats in the absence of testosterone (T) treatment and increased the behavioral sensitivity to a low level of T stimulation. The reduction of the (3H) 5-HT uptake after PCA treatment was more pronounced in the cortex than in the hypothalamus. 5,7-DHT treatment reduced the (3H) 5-HT uptake in the septum, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus and cortex but the behavioral effects produced by the 5,7-DHT treatment could not be correlated to the biochemical effects in any of these brain areas. Since the behavioral effect of PCA appears to be stronger than that of 5,7-DHT, the 5-HT neurotoxins may exert their effect on sexual behavior in forebrain structures rather than in the hypothalamus. PCA treatment had a very small effect on mounting behavior but 5,7-DHT treatment stimulated the display of mounts and intromission patterns by ovariectomized female rats given no hormone treatment. Neither PCA nor 5,7-DHT had any effect on lordosis behavior tested before and after treatment with estradiol benzoate alone or in combination with progesterone. The observations support the conclusion that 5-HT is involved in the control by T of sexual behavior in male rats, but argue against a role of 5-HT in the neural control of lordosis behavior.
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PMID:Effects of p-chloroamphetamine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on the sexual behavior of gonadectomized male and female rats. 73 36

Three hundred sixty-four patients who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage from an aneurysm at either the anterior (ACA) or posterior (PCA) communicating artery location and who were not surgically treated have been followed for up to 21 years in order to study the late morbidity and mortality. For patients surviving six months: (1) little improvement in morbidity was noted during the many years of subsequent follow-up; (2) in general, ACA patients fared better than PCA patients; (3) the neurological state on original admission was strongly correlated with the degree of morbidity; (4) other factors measured at time of original hemorrhage which adversely affected morbidity included the level of blood pressure or the presence of clot or spasm; (5) if deaths from late hemorrhage are excluded, cardiovascular causes account for the majority of subsequent deaths; and (6) the risk of dying from all causes is increased when compared to a population matched by age and sex.
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PMID:The long-term prognosis in untreated cerebral aneurysms: II. Late morbidity and mortality. 73 25

Electromyogram (EMG) activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA muscles were active, but was otherwise closed. Larynx closure may contribute to the end-inspiratory pauses often observed in the intact animal. During inhalation of an asphyxiant test gas in place of room air, PCA and diaphragm activity generally increased; and increases in anesthesia decreased the EMG activity of both muscles. Water on the larynx transiently abolished both PCA and diaphragm discharge; but EMG activity returned to the PCA muscles before the diaphragm. Further, reactivation of the diaphragm was not always accompanied by a synchronized burst of PCA activity. Therefore, it is possible under some conditions to dissociate the motor outputs from the PCA muscles and diaphragm in this immature mammal.
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PMID:Laryngeal effects and respiration in the suckling opossum. 74 Nov 2


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