Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0220723 (PCA)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human myeloma proteins of IgG4 subclass in contrast to myeloma proteins IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, were capable of blocking PCA reactions in monkeys mediated by human reaginic antibodies of IgE class. In addition to IgE, IgG4 myeloma protein was also capable of sensitizing leukocytes from normal individuals and gave histamine release (HR) upon challenge with anti-human IgG4. Leukocytes from 11 allergic individuals and from 9 normal subjects sensitized with the serum of allergic patients, were capable of releasing histamine with anti-human IgG4, anti-human IgE, and the specific allergen. No response was obtained with anti-human IgG1 and IgG3 sera. Leukocytes from the normal individuals released histamine from 3 to 20% with anti-human IgG4 and from 6 to 30% with anti-human IgE. Moreover, normal leukocytes sensitized with IgG4 myeloma protein or a serum of an allergic patient heated at 56 degrees C for 2 h, released a significant amount of histamine on challenge with anti-human IgG4 whereas no response was obtained with anti-human IgE. The biological role of human IgG4 in immediate hypersensitivity reactions is discussed in relation to human IgE.
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PMID:Inhibition of reagin-mediated PCA reactions in monkeys and histamine release from human leukocytes by human IgG4 subclass. 6 38

The effect of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) on immunoglobulin (Ig) production by and proliferation of human plasma cells was studied. ECP inhibited Ig production by and proliferation of the human plasma cell lines, IM-9 and AF-10, in a dose-dependent fashion. As little as 0.05 ng/ml ECP was found to be inhibitory, and the maximal inhibition was achieved at doses of 0.1-0.5 ng/ml ECP. This inhibition was not due to cytotoxicity, since viability was always greater than 98%. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that inhibition was observable after 24 hr of culture with ECP and that the inhibitory effect of ECP was reversible. The inhibitory effect of ECP could be blocked by anti-ECP serum, but not by control serum. Of the various cytokines tested, including interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and erythropoietin (Epo), IL-6 reversed the inhibition, while other cytokines failed to do so. ECP also inhibited Ig (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, and IgA) production by and proliferation of PCA-1+ plasma cells generated in vitro with a similar dose-response pattern. This inhibition also was blocked by anti-ECP serum but not by control serum, and was restored by IL-6. These results suggest that ECP may interact with IL-6 in controlling plasma cell responses.
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PMID:Eosinophil cationic protein inhibits immunoglobulin production and proliferation in vitro in human plasma cells. 157 57

We investigated the origin of leukemic progenitors in a case of the simultaneous occurrence of myelomonocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma (IgG-kappa). At presentation, myeloperoxidase and nonspecific esterase-positive myelomonocytic cells had proliferated up to 12.2 x 10(9)/liter in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow cell differentials revealed the coexistence of myelomonocytic cells (30%) and atypical plasmacytoid cells (26%). Myelomonocytic cells in peripheral blood expressed both myeloid antigens (CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33) and T/B-lymphoid antigens (CD2, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD10, PCA-1). Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) could be divided into PCA-1 strongly positive and PCA-1 weakly positive populations, which were considered to represent myeloma cells and myelomonocytic cells, respectively; the former were CD2-positive (CD2+), CD14-, and CD15-, whereas the latter were CD2+, CD14+, and CD15+. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, in addition to plasmacytoid cells, a minority of myelomonocytic cells showed a positive reaction for IgG staining, and production of IgG was observed in the culture supernatant of CD14+ myelomonocytic cells in peripheral blood. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of two identical rearrangement bands of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in both BMMC containing myeloma cells and myelomonocytic cells and CD14+ myelomonocytic cells in peripheral blood. In a long-term methylcellulose assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells produced large compact colonies consisting of macrophages and IgG+ plasmacytoid cells (M phi/P colonies), while BMMC produced a different type of colonies consisting of CD14+ myelomonoblasts, macrophages, and IgG+ plasma cells (Mb/M phi/P colonies) in addition to M phi/P colonies. Recloning experiments showed that primary Mb/M phi/P colonies gave rise to both secondary M phi/P and Mb/M phi/P colonies. These observations strongly suggest that common leukemic progenitors provide both myeloma and myelomonocytic leukemia cells, and the mechanism of "lineage infidelity" is probably involved in the development of their "bilineal" differentiation.
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PMID:Simultaneous occurrence of myelomonocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma: involvement of common leukemic progenitors and their developmental abnormality of "lineage infidelity". 165 17

The TH line was established by bringing tumour cells from a multiple myeloma patient into suspension culture and subsequently cloning them by limiting dilution. The cultured cells show marked heterogeneity; there are ultrastructural differences between small and large TH cells, particularly with respect to the rough endoplasmatic reticulum (RER). Karyotyping revealed chromosome numbers in the triploid range, with many structural abnormalities, at the 14q32 region among others. A t(14;18) could not be demonstrated. TH was shown to have germline and a rearranged allele for kappa light chain, and only a single rearranged gene for heavy chain immunoglobulin. TH expressed PCA-1, CD9, CD28 and CD38 antigens, HLA class II, RER and kappa light chain, but few or no other antigens associated with the B-cell lineage. Light chain kappa and trace amounts of IgG3 were found intracellularly as well as in culture supernatant. The addition of IL-6 to cultures of TH increased proliferation, as well as the secretion of kappa light chain and the membrane expression of CD28 and CD38 antigens. Because TH has relatively few B cell markers on its membrane, it may be useful for the induction of monoclonal antibodies specific for human plasma cells. It also provides a model for the demonstration that IL-6 can act as a paracrine growth and differentiation factor for cells of myelomal origin.
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PMID:Characterization of a human plasmacytoma line. 195 80

BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were immunized with monoclonal anti-DNP IgE, obtained by fusion of PX63AG8-6-5-3 cells with spleen cells from immunized C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice, respectively. With the antiallotype sera thus produced the allotype of IgE (i.e. 7) could be defined since BALB/c is of the Igh-a and C57BL/6 of the Igh-b allotype. The antiallotype 7b does not cross-react with other allotypes. Antiallotype 7a recognizes in addition to allotype 7a also allotypes 7j, 7d, and 7e as expected. Both the complement fixing and the sensitizing activities of murine anti-TNP and anti-DNP monoclonal antibodies were examined. The minimal amount/ml for complement fixation was 0.46 micrograms from one of the IgG1 antibodies, 0.46 from IgG2a, 12.5 ng from IgM, 0.7 micrograms from IgG3. Complement fixation by IgG1 was unexpected. The minimal amount/ml for mouse PCA was 0.5-0.7 micrograms from IgG1, 1.44-2.3 micrograms from IgG2a, 5.6 micrograms from purified IgG2b and about 15 ng from IgE. Sensitization by IgG2a and IgG2b were new findings. Minimal amount/ml for guinea pig PCA was 0.23 micrograms from IgG2a. Minimal amount/ml for rat PCA was 2 ng from IgE.
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PMID:Recent insight into class-specific properties of murine immunoglobulins obtained with the help of monoclonal antibodies. 618 24

The interlesional production of immunoglobulins and SEA-specific antibodies was examined in vitro in cultured hepatic granulomas isolated from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Vigorous lesions of 8-wk and immunomodulated lesions of 20-wk infected mice were cultured in serum-free medium for 48 hr; the supernatant fluid was concentrated, dialyzed, and tested for immunoglobulins by immunodiffusion. Whereas cultures of vigorous granulomas contained only IgG1, those of immunomodulated lesions yielded IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgA immunoglobulins. Both types of lesions incorporated 14C-labeled leucine into IgM and IgG class immunoglobulins thus proving intralesional synthesis. The immunoglobulins also had specific anti-SEA activity proven by passive hemagglutination and in vivo PCA test. The kinetics of SEA-specific IgM and IgG antibody-forming granuloma lymphocytes was examined by the plaque assay after the dispersal of the lesions. At 8 wk of the infection the number of IgM antibody-producing lymphocytes was low and that of IgG was negligible. In subsequent weeks both IgM and IgG antibody-forming cells increased in numbers. The IgM producer cells peaked at 12 to 16 wk and by 32 wk they dropped to barely detectable levels. The IgG antibody-producing lymphocytes peaked in numbers in the immunomodulated lesions at 20 wk and also disappeared by 32 wk. The kinetics of the granuloma lymphocytes as well as the magnitude of their response differed from those of splenic cells. Intralesional antibody production may promote antigen sequestration, complex formation, and occasional tissue injury. The participation of locally produced antibodies in the modulation of the granulomatous inflammatory response remains to be established.
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PMID:Modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity. IV. Immunoglobulin and antibody production by vigorous and immunomodulated liver granulomas of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. 703 55

The effect of human growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, and insulin on human plasma cell responses was studied. GH enhanced Ig production and thymidine uptake in the human plasma cell lines, IM-9 and AF-10. IGF-I, but not IGF-II or insulin, also enhanced Ig production and proliferation in them. However, enhancement by GH was not mediated by IGF-I, because enhancement was blocked by anti-GH antibody (Ab), but not by Ab to IGF-I or IGF-I receptor. Conversely, the enhancement by IGF-I was blocked by either Ab to IGF-I or IGF-I receptor, but not by anti-GH Ab. GH and IGF-I also enhanced production of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2, and IgM and thymidine uptake in PCA-1+ plasma cells generated in vitro. Again, enhancement by GH was specifically blocked by anti-GH Ab, whereas enhancement by IGF-I was specifically blocked by either Ab to IGF-I or IGF-I receptor. These results indicate that GH and IGF-I may play important roles in plasma cell responses.
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PMID:Differential effect of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-II, and insulin on Ig production and growth in human plasma cells. 812 47

A 51-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in December 1993, because of fatigue. Peripheral blood tests showed a WBC of 49,400/microliter with 36% plasma cells and 35% monocytes, Hb 14.5 g/dl, and Plt 137,000/microliter. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hypercellularity with 48.7% plasma cells and 22.4% monocytes. Plasma cells in blood were positive for CD38 and PCA-1. Serum calcium, IgA and M-CSF levels were elevated to 14.1 mg/dl, 2,337 mg/dl and 2.7 ng/ml, respectively. Immunoelectrophoresis of serum and urine revealed IgA lambda type M protein and lambda type Bence Jones protein, respectively. Rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain were demonstrated by Southern blotting analysis. Plasma cell leukemia (IgA lambda type) was diagnosed. He was treated with combination chemotherapy and IFN-alpha and achieved complete remission. However, he suffered a meningeal relapse in February 1995, and died in April 1996. It seems likely that the enhanced production of M-CSF by myeloma cells and/ or activated B cells stimulated monocyte production.
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PMID:[Plasma cell leukemia associated with monocytosis]. 926 65