Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0220723 (PCA)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six monoclonal antibodies directed against fusion protein (F) or nucleoprotein (NP) of respiratory syncytial virus (RS) have been investigated in an antigen capture ELISA for virus detection. The potency, spectrum and pattern of reactivity were investigated with the intention of selecting antibodies reacting with RS-common antigen determinants and with complementary rather than competitive activity. Two anti-F protein antibodies satisfied these criteria and were used with enzyme amplified detection in a two site monoclonal assay (MCA/MCA) or as detectors with a polyclonal antibody as capture (PCA/MCA). Comparative studies were performed with immunofluorescence (FA) as the reference test and nasopharyngeal aspirates processed in different ways. The PCA/MCA assay was superior to that using monoclonal antibodies alone and gave results comparable to the reference method. However, the apparent sensitivity related to FA varied with the type of sample processing used. These results emphasise the need for a critical analysis of the factors which can influence the sensitivity of a particular assay system before judgements on relative sensitivity are made.
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PMID:The selection and performance of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RS) antibodies in capture ELISAs for antigen detection. 331 61

By using a high-frame-rate technique, intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) of the intracranial circulation was performed in patients with transient ischemic attacks and asymptomatic bruits. Twenty patients with normal carotid arteries or mild stenosis of no hemodynamic significance were selected as a control group to evaluate the effect of carotid stenosis on the difference between hemispheres in the peak arrival time (delta TMAX) of the contrast bolus. Data were obtained for the anterior (ACA), middle (MCA), and posterior (PCA) cerebral artery distributions. Raw data of the time-density curve in a region of interest were analyzed by polynomial curve-fitting techniques to obtain the peak arrival time (TMAX). The delta TMAXs for normal middle, anterior, and posterior distributions were 0.140 +/- 0.119 sec, 0.152 +/- 0.146 sec, and 0.189 +/- 0.187 sec, respectively. Eleven patients with tight carotid stenosis or occlusion whose delta TMAX fell outside the normal range as established from the 20 control patients were analyzed with regard to ischemic symptoms. The delta TMAXs of the MCA, ACA distributions in the asymptomatic patients with tight carotid stenosis or occlusion were 0.653 +/- 0.379 sec and 0.118 +/- 0.159 sec, respectively; p less than 0.001 in the MCA when compared with controls. The delta TMAXs of the MCA, ACA distribution in the symptomatic patients with tight carotid stenosis or occlusion were 1.31 +/- 0.13 sec and 0.525 +/- 0.079 sec, respectively; p less than 0.001 in the MCA and ACA distributions when compared with controls. Quantitative analysis of this type of physiologic data may enable the detection of patients with carotid stenosis who are well compensated by collateral flow from those who are poorly compensated and at risk for possible infarction on a hemodynamic basis. Serial followup DSA studies in patients with asymptomatic bruits may help to correlate the progression of extracranial carotid stenosis and the status of intracranial collateral reserves.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of intracranial circulation using rapid-sequence DSA. 351 69

The basal cerebral arteries were insonated using transcranial pulsed Doppler ultrasound (TPDU) at 2 MHz. The Doppler sample volume (SV) depths at which signals were obtained which could be attributed to the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA, ACA and PCA) were compared with measurements in adult cadavers and with B-scan ultrasound studies in infants. The depth of the internal carotid artery (ICA) terminal division into ACA and MCA was closely correlated for both groups. In adults, it was found at 5.6 +/- 1.0 cm using TPDU while in cadavers it was found at 5.3 +/- 0.5 cm from the temporal bone. In infants, it was found at 3.2 +/- 0.3 cm for the right side, and 3.2 +/- 0.2 cm for the left side using TPDU, and at 3.4 +/- 0.4 cm and 3.4 +/- 0.5 cm for right and left sides respectively using B-scan ultrasound. The mean depth of the MCA mid-point in infants as defined by TPDU and B-scan was also closely correlated, with values of 2.8 +/- 0.3 cm and 2.7 +/- 0.3 cm for right and left sides respectively using TPDU and of 2.8 +/- 0.4 cm and 2.7 +/- 0.4 cm for right and left sides respectively using B-scan ultrasound. Values for the most lateral part of the MCA did not correlate. In adults, signals from the ACA and PCA were obtained at greater SV depth than the MCA, thus preventing confusion.
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PMID:Anatomical validation of middle cerebral artery position as identified by transcranial pulsed Doppler ultrasound. 353 8

A case of arterio-venous malformation (AVM) at the right parietal area in association with agenesis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) is described. A 27-year-old male complained of severe headache and vomiting on September 27th in 1980. He lost his consciousness and became stuporous within several minutes after the ictus. He was then transferred to Kurume University Hospital. On admission, he was semicomatose, anisocoria and left hemiparesis marked in the lower limbs, and bilateral Babinski reflex were noted. A emergency CT scan revealed a round high density area suggesting intracerebral hematoma at the right parieto-occipital area. Right retrograde brachial angiography was then performed which showed a small AVM at the right parietal lobe mainly fed by the right posterior parietal arterial branch, and drained into the superior sagittal sinus, via the subcortial veins. Left MCA bilateral PCA and SCA also were demonstrated on the angiogram. The angiogram suggested on abnormality of the Willis ring. Emergency operation fro the small AVM associated with intracerebral hematoma was then performed. The AVM was sufficiently removed and approximately 80 gr. of intracerebral clots were also evacuated completely. Histological examination indicated a typical small AVM. The postoperative course was uneventful. Left CAG performed by seldinger method from the femoral artery after the operation showed no demonstration of the left ICA. the left common carotid artery was terminated as the external carotid artery without carotid bifurcation at the neck. The left ophthalmic artery was fed by the meningeal artery of the internal maxillary artery. Left vertebrobasilar system was normal. From an angiogram, the agenesis of the left ICA was most suspected. An agenesis of ICA was uncommon among the literature in which there was no case with this anomaly associated with cerebral AVM. The embryological consideration about this case was mainly discussed.
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PMID:[A case of arterio-venous malformation associated with agenesis of unilateral internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. 734 82

Serial (days 1, 3, 5, 8, 14, 21 after admission) transcranial Doppler ultrasound measurements of the mean blood velocity (Vmean) and the pulsatility index (PI) in the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA, ACA, PCA) and the basilar artery were performed in 35 consecutive patients (male, 20, female, 15, mean age: 37 +/- 19 years) with acute meningitis or meningoencephalitis thought to have arisen from viral infections. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the TCD findings on days 1-8 were compared with the Glasgow Outcome Scale on day 21 (GOS, short-term outcome). Compared with the reference values recorded in 69 healthy volunteers, Vmean was significantly elevated in the MCA, ACA and PCA on days 1-3, and on day 5 in the MCA (P< 0.01-0.05). The PI was significantly increased on days 1-8 in all intracranial arteries (P < 0.001-0.05). With respect to the outcome, patients with a poor outcome (GOS score 1-3) were found to have had significantly more markedly elevated PI in all vessels on days 3-8 (P < 0.05) than the patients with a good outcome (GOS score 4 and 5). The linear regression coefficient for the relationship between the PI on days 3-8 and the GOS ranged from r = 0.35 to 0.48 (P < 0.01) in all vessels. However, the coefficient (r) between the GCS score on days 3-8 and GOS was more marked (day 3: r = 0.7545, P< 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Transcranial Doppler ultrasound monitoring of patients with viral infections of the central nervous system]. 750 Oct 91

We experienced a case of successful acute revascularization using a long vein graft. A 68-year-old man was admitted to our department due to transient ischemic attack of the left hemiparesis. CT scan showed no infarction, but PAO-SPECT revealed moderate hypoperfusion in the right ACA and MCA area. Cerebral angiography demonstrated right IC occlusion at its origin and moderate collateral circulation via leptomeningeal anastomosis from the PCA area, and via the external carotid system, especially directly from STA. But the STA was very narrow. Three days after admission, left hemiparesis appeared again and deteriorated severely. This time the hemiparesis persisted. Although MRI demonstrated little infarction in the right frontal lobe, we decided to carry out revascularization on the same day. Right saphenous vein was harvested for a graft because of the narrow STA. The facial artery and angular artery was selected as a donor and a recipient respectively, to avoid a clamp of the EC and a craniotomy of the STA running area. Finally we performed a facial artery-vein graft-angular artery (M4) bypass. The patient showed no complication and the left hemiparesis improved enough to allow the patient to walk by himself. Revascularization using vein graft is dangerous for acute ischemia due to the possibility of a complication such as brain edema and hemorrhagic infarction. The usual style of vein graft bypass is an EC-vein graft-M2 or M3 bypass. Using this style, high pressure inside the EC is carried intracranially.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of successful acute revascularization using a long vein graft]. 775 28

We have examined 120 subjects (52 men, 68 women; age range: 19 to 89) with no vascular pathology. In each subject, we used transcranial color-doppler ultrasonography to measure the calibers and blood-flow velocities of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ACA, MCA, and PCA, respectively). Generally, the mean measured calibers were lower than those that have been described in cadaveric studies by other investigators. The mean caliber of the MCA was found to be higher than those of the ACA or PCA; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). With age, the calibers of the ACA, PCA and PCA tended to increase, but this trend was not statistically significant. We have noted a statistically significant difference between the left and right sides, the arteries of the left being larger than those of the right. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between vessel caliber and age, sex, or body weight, though the women's arteries tended to be narrower than those of the men. With respect to the maximal and mean blood-flow velocities, no statistically significant relationships with regard to side (left or right), sex, age, or body weight were demonstrable. However, the mean and maximal blood-flow velocities of the MCA were found to be statistically higher than those of the ACA or PCA (p < 0.02). This was especially true under the age of 60 (p < 0.01).
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PMID:The measurement of the calibers and blood-flow velocities of the arteries of the circle of Willis: a statistical investigation of 120 living subjects using transcranial color-Doppler ultrasonography. 775 47

Transcranial color Doppler flow imaging (TCCDFI) allows for simultaneous two-dimensional structural imaging and Doppler evaluation of blood flow through intact skull. With this technique, we evaluated 10 patients with carotid cavernous sinus fistulae (CCSF) and 35 normal volunteers. Each of them was confirmed by angiography. TCCDFI showed that patients with CCSF had typical signs in the affected part. The cavernous sinus had mosaic color shade. Pulse-Doppler showed disorderly polydirection vortex blood flow spectra in the mosaic color shade associated with murmur. Two-dimensional sonography and color Doppler imaging demonstrated a dilated superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) with arterialized blood flow. The Vmax of MCA and ACA in the affected side were lower than the healthy and normal side. The RI was lower than that of the healthy side and PCA of both sides was lower than that in normal volunteers. Two patients were examined after tubolization. Mosaic color shade disappeared and SOV returned to normal venous flow in patients completely occluded. Mosaic color shade reduced and SOV still aterialized blood flow in partly occluded patients. This technique helps to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to track the hemodynamics of CCSF patients and evaluate the effect of therapy.
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PMID:[Application of transcranial color Doppler flow imaging in the carotid cavernous sinus fistulae]. 778 Aug 17

In 69 healthy volunteers (34 males, 35 females, age range 17-80 years) we compared the following haemodynamic parameters between the basilar artery and carotid artery system, assessed by transcranial Doppler sonography: mean blood velocity, pulsatility index and the hemispheric indices as ratios of the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries with the internal carotid artery (MCA/ICA, ACA/ICA, PCA/ICA) and of the PCA with the basilar artery (PCA/BA), as well as the ACA/MCA and the MCA/BA ratio. In all arteries (ICA, MCA, ACA, PCA and BA) mean blood velocity decreased significantly with advancing age (p < 0.01) and was significantly higher in females as compared to males (p < 0.05). The pulsatility index increased significantly with age in the ICA, MCA, ACA and BA (p < 0.01) and showed no sex differences in any of the intracranial arteries except for the ACA. The MCA/ICA and ACA/ICA index declined significantly with advancing age (p < 0.005, p < 0.05, respectively) and with increasing heart rate (p < 0.01 for both arteries), while the ACA/MCA, the PCA/BA and the MCA/BA ratio remained unchanged by age and heart rate. We conclude that there is no striking difference in the cerebral haemodynamics of the basilar artery and the carotid artery supplied territories.
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PMID:A comparative assessment of cerebral haemodynamics in the basilar artery and carotid territory by transcranial Doppler sonography in normal subjects. 786 57

Occluding unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCAo) of rat, the compensatory blood vessels (CBV) within ischemic area in cerebral surface shown by cerebral perfusion and effect of acupuncture were observed dynamically. Perfusing immediately after MCAo, there was no any blood vessel in the ischemic area. In acupuncture group, the CBV had extended a lot from anastomotic network of cerebral pia mater (ACA-MCA, PCA-MCA) located in marginal zone of ischemic area 3 hs after MCAo. 6.24 and 48 hs after MCAo, the CBV increased much more than control group (non-acupuncture) P < 0.01. The experiment pointed out that there existed a serious vasospasm in the MCA system in initial stage of MCAo, which led up to decompensation in the ischemic area. The acupuncture can remit the vasospasm, and reverse the deteriorated process in early.
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PMID:[Morphological study on acupuncture in interfering experimental cerebral infarction in rat. I. Compensation of cerebral PIA mater artery in cerebral surface]. 808 87


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