Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0220723 (PCA)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In porcine (PCA) and bovine (BCA) coronary arterial strips, epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO) caused an endothelium-independent Ca-requiring contractile response that could not be attributed to the secondary release of agonists from neural elements. In these tissues, EGF-URO also potentiated the contractile actions of other agonists (prostaglandin F2 alpha, KCl or norepinephrine). Nonetheless, the responsiveness of the PCA and BCA preparations differed markedly in terms of 1) their sensitivity to indomethacin and dexamethasone (indomethacin and dexamethasone abrogated the PCA but not the BCA response), 2) their desensitization properties (the BCA rapidly desensitized, whereas the PCA did not) and 3) the order of potencies for EGF-URO and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) (in the PCA, EGF-URO was more potent than TGF-alpha, whereas in the BCA, the potency of TGF-alpha was greater than or equal to that of EGF-URO). Taken together our data document the presence of two distinct receptor signaling systems for EGF-URO in the PCA and BCA preparations, and our results support the hypothesis that distinct receptor subtypes for EGF-URO may be present in these two tissues.
 ...
PMID:Distinct coronary artery receptor systems for epidermal growth factor-urogastrone. 231 70

In vitro matured (IVM) and fertilized (IVF) putative Day 1 zygotes (Day 0 = IVF) were allocated randomly to culture in formulations based on Synthetic Oviduct Fluid (SOF) medium and identified on the basis of their contrasting principal supplements, which were 10% v/v steer serum (SS; n = 558) or 4 mg/mL crystalline BSA (SBSA; n = 531) or 3 mg/mL polyvinyl alcohol (SPVA; n = 607) in 9 replicates. SBSA and SPVA also contained 10 microg/mL non-essential amino acids, while the former was further supplemented with 20 microL/mL essential amino acids and the latter with 0.5 mmol/L sodium citrate and 5 ng/mL epidermal growth factor. Zygotes were cultured in 20 microL drops (4 zygotes per drop) until Day 8 in an atmosphere of 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2 at 39 degrees C and droplets were renewed every 48 hours. The incidence of zygote cleavage was lower (P < 0.05) in SS (mean +/- SEM = 61 +/- 3%) than in SBSA (76 +/- 3%) but not in SPVA (72 +/- 4%) up to Day 3. The SPVA generated a lower yield of blastocysts on Day 7 (12 +/- 2%; P < 0.001) and by Day 8 (21 +/- 4%; P < 0.01) than did SS (33 +/- 3%; 40 +/- 3%) and SBSA (30 +/- 3%; 37 +/- 4%). Cell numbers (n) and diameters (d) of blastocysts on Day 8 were greater (P < 0.001; Replicates 1 to 5) in embryos from SBSA (n, 156 +/- 9; d, 203 +/- 4 microm) than in those from SS (n, 81 +/- 4; d, 177 +/- 3 microm) and SPVA (n, 76 +/- 5; d, 167 +/- 3 microm). Embryos produced in SS incorporated less 3H-phenylalanine into PCA-precipitable protein (replicates 6 to 9; log10 dpm = 3.03 +/- 0.04) than did embryos cultured in SBSA (3.21 +/- 0.03; P < 0.001) or in SPVA (3.14 +/- 0.03; NS). In conclusion, blastocyst yield was poor in SPVA, but the embryos had metabolic activities similar to those of embryos produced in SBSA. Blastocyst yields from SS were not compromised but their capacity for de novo protein synthesis was reduced significantly.
 ...
PMID:Development and de novo protein synthetic activity of bovine embryos produced in vitro in different culture systems. 1123 85

Autoimmune disorders affecting the vestibular end organs, vestibular pathways, vestibular nuclei, and vestibulocerebellum are often underrecognized as a cause of chronic dizziness and ataxia. Autoantibodies specific for cell-surface, synaptic, and intracellular neural antigens serve as biomarkers of these disorders. This article describes the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, imaging findings, treatment, and prognosis of autoimmune disorders, in which the vestibulocerebellar syndrome is the main or presenting clinical presentation. Antibodies specific for intracellular antigenic targets described in the article are PCA-1 (Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1, also known as anti-Yo), ANNA-1 (antinuclear neuronal antibody type 1, also known as anti-Hu), ANNA-2 (antinuclear neuronal antibody type 2, also known as anti-Ri), Ma1/2 (anti-Kelch-like 11/12 antibody), Kelch-like 11, amphiphysin, CV2 (collapsin response 2, also known as collapsin response mediator protein-5 [CRMP5]), VGCC (voltage-gated calcium channel), GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kDa isoform), AP3B2 (adaptor protein 3B2, also known as anti-Nb), MAP1B (microtubule-associated protein 1B antibody, also known as anti-PCA-2), and neurochondrin antibodies. Antibodies targeting cell-surface or synaptic antigenic targets described in the article include DNER (delta/notchlike epidermal growth factor related receptor; antigen to anti-Tr), CASPR2 (contactin-associated proteinlike 2), septin-5, Homer-3, and mGluR1 (metabotropic glutamate receptor 1). The vestibulocerebellar presentation is largely indistinguishable among these conditions and is characterized by subacute onset of cerebellar symptoms over weeks to months. The diagnosis of autoimmune vestibulocerebellar syndromes is based on a combination of clinical and serological features, with a limited role for neuroimaging. Subtle eye movement abnormalities can be an early feature in many of these disorders, and therefore a meticulous vestibulo-ocular examination is essential for early and correct identification. Cancer occurrence and its type are variable and depend on the autoantibody detected and other cancer risk factors. Treatment comprises immunotherapy and cancer-directed therapy. Acute immunotherapies such as intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, and steroids are used in the initial phase, and the use of long-term immunosuppression such as rituximab may be necessary in relapsing cases. Outcomes are better if immunotherapy is started early. The neurologic prognosis depends on multiple factors.
 ...
PMID:Autoimmune Vestibulocerebellar Syndromes. 3195 62