Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0220723 (PCA)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Reserpine (2.5 mg kg-1 i.p.) decreased rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by 86% 24 h later but most components of the 5-HT-dependent behavioural syndrome induced by p-chloroamphetamine (PCA, 5 mg kg-1 i.p.) or 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT, 5 mg kg-1 i.p.) over 1 h after administration were unaffected. However, Straub tail was increased after giving PCA or 5-MeODMT and head weaving was decreased after giving 5-MeODMT. 2. Frontal cortex extracellular 5-HT concentrations of vehicle pretreated rats before injection of PCA, as calculated from dialysate 5-HT concentrations, were about 1/1000th of corresponding brain values. Extracellular 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and brain values were comparable with each other. Dialysate 5-HT increased after PCA with peak values at 20-40 min. 3. Reserpine pretreatment reduced dialysate 5-HT concentration before PCA was given but the net increase (AUC) over the 1 h after PCA did not differ significantly from that seen in animals pretreated with vehicle. Dialysate 5-HIAA values slowly decreased after PCA injection in both reserpine and vehicle pretreated groups. 4. The results suggest that PCA causes the 5-HT syndrome by releasing 5-HT from the neuronal cytoplasm but that physiological release of 5-HT occurs from vesicular stores.
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PMID:An in vivo dialysis and behavioural study of the release of 5-HT by p-chloroamphetamine in reserpine-treated rats. 272 Mar 8

We previously showed that specific strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infect the brain and contribute to Neuropathology, Cognitive Distress, and Neuropsychiatric Disease. To study further brain disease that results from HIV-1 infection, we commenced analysis of changes in gene expression in brain. We analyzed RNA purified from Frontal Cortex of 5 HIV-1 infected and 4 HIV-1 negative control subjects RNA was amplified and Affymetrix technology was used to analyze gene expression using the 12,585 gene Affymetrix Human Genome U95A chip. The expressed genes showed highly significant Pearsons correlations with each other within the two groups. Expression intensities were transferred to Microsoft Excel and Spotfire was used to analyze the results. Twenty-group K-means cluster analysis was done for HIV+ and HIV- subjects. Genes that were expressed in the same cluster numbers in the two groups were removed from further analysis. Analysis of Gene expression in the top 13 HIV+ clusters showed expression in the 40 gene categories designated in our prior studies. Genes from several categories occurred in more than one K-means cluster. Genes identified in these lists included several genes that have been previously studied: MBP, Myelin-PLP, NMDA receptor, MAG, astrocytic protein, Notch 3, APP, Senescence, proteasome, Ferritin, signaling, cell cycle, iNOS, Chemokine, splicing, synapse, protein tags, and ribosomal proteins. The first (primary significant) axis of both Principal Component Analyses ordered the genes in the same patient groups as the K-means cluster analysis for the respective patient groups. PCA was thus not more informative than K-Means cluster analysis. Ratios of HIV+ to HIV- intensities were calculated for all the averaged gene expression intensities. The ratio range was 0.14 to 9.26. The genes at the extremes (ad extrema) did not correspond to the gene order by K-means clustering (or PCA). The genes in the top 13 K-means clusters showed low-level changes by expression ratio. Genes ad extrema by ratio were in clusters with very large memberships. Mann-Whitney analysis confirmed expression ratio results. Several inferences result from our preliminary study. First, study design will be different in future studies involving additional replicates. Second, ratios inform us of the extent of changes in gene expression quantitatively. Third, Cluster methodology provides us with more subtle information, how bunches (clusters) of genes behave in terms of their centroids (attractors). Fourth, genes that change extensively by ratio tend to be in the larger k-Means clusters. We conclude that ranking gene expression with the use of expression ratio or by K-means clustering, yield different representations of the data.
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PMID:Analytic approaches to differential gene expression in AIDS versus control brains. 1535 27

The phasic orienting reflex (OR) was investigated in two counterbalanced blocks of an auditory dishabituation paradigm differing in stimulus Significance (operationalised as tone counting). Twelve tones were presented at very long, randomly-varying interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Novelty and Significance were varied within subjects. Stimulus-response patterns were assessed to find ERP matches for autonomic measures. The phasic OR index was represented by the skin conductance response (SCR). SCR decremented over 10 standard trials, showed recovery on trial 11 (change trial), enhancement to re-presentation of the standard tone (trial 12: dishabituation), and a main effect of Significance over the first 10 trials - demonstrating the formal criteria for an OR index. The evoked cardiac response (HR) subcomponents ECR1 (deceleration) and ECR2 (acceleration) showed no trial effects, but ECR2 showed a Significance effect. Respiratory pause (RP) decreased linearly over trials, and showed recovery, but no dishabituation or Significance effect. Temporal PCA was applied to single-trial EOG-corrected data. Ten ERP components were extracted: P1, N1-3, N1-1, PN, P2, P3a, P3b, HabP3, a Frontal Slow Wave (FSW), and the Classic SW. The dependent measures showed 4 distinct patterns. Pattern 1: No trial or Significance effects (ECR1, P1, N1-3, P3a, FSW); Pattern 2: No trial effect but a Significance effect (ECR2, N1-1, P2); Pattern 3: Trial but not Significance effects (RP, PN, P3b, HabP3); Pattern 4: Both trial and Significance effects (SCR and Classic SW). The evidenced fractionation of autonomic and central measures is compatible with Preliminary Process Theory (PPT), contrary to the notion of a unitary OR.
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PMID:Significance and Novelty effects in single-trial ERP components and autonomic responses. 2838 50