Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0220723 (PCA)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 39 cases with acute-onset amnestic syndrome having unilateral localized infarct, 8 cases with anteromedial thalamic infarct ("thalamic" amnesia), and 18 cases with medial temporal lobe infarct including hippocampus in the posterior cerebral artery territory ("PCA" amnesia) were studied in terms of X-CT and MRI findings and neuropsychological examinations. Results were as follows: 7 out of 8 cases with thalamic amnesia (88%), and 15 of 19 cases with PCA amnesia (78%) showed left side lesions on CT scan. All groups showed a prolonged recent memory loss with little loss of immediate recall and remote memory, and disorientation and dyscalculia. In both types of amnesia, patients having a left sided lesion showed recent memory loss with new learning disabilities of verbal materials. Patients having a right sided lesion showed recent memory loss with new learning disabilities of both verbal and visuospatial materials. Judging from the X-CT and MRI findings, the lesions most probably causing amnesia in these cases seemed to be the anterior and dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus in thalamic amnesia and hippocampus in PCA amnesia. Differential diagnosis in amnestic syndrome with localized infarct is also discussed.
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PMID:Acute-onset amnestic syndrome with localized infarct on the dominant side--comparison between anteromedial thalamic lesion and posterior cerebral artery territory lesion. 357 4

The effects of the serotonin-releasing compound p-chloroamphetamine (PCA, 2.5 mg/kg) on avoidance acquisition, retention and memory retrieval were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats using a one-way active avoidance and a one-trial passive avoidance task. The drug was injected IP prior to training, following acquisition and prior to the retention test 24 hr after training using a state-dependent design. In the normal context situation pretraining administration of PCA markedly impaired active avoidance acquisition, but PCA-treated rats did not differ from controls in their retention performance when tested 24 hr after training. In the dark/light box test pretraining administration of PCA caused a dose-dependent impairment of both active and passive avoidance retention which could not be explained in terms of changes in locomotor activity or behavioural disinhibition at the time of testing or state-dependent retention. Post-training administration of PCA failed to affect avoidance retention in both tasks. The drug was found to impair memory retrieval in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in the one-way active but not in the passive avoidance test. Pretraining administration of PCA produced a progressive loss of passive and active avoidance performance at increasingly longer retention intervals. The present results suggest that serotonin has dual effects on processes underlying learning and memory involving effects on both associative and non-associative learning processes in the rat. The time-dependent loss of memory retention following 5-HT release indicates that serotonin has a role in the way information is processed in the brain.
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PMID:Analysis of the avoidance learning deficit induced by the serotonin releasing compound p-chloroamphetamine. 374 48