Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0220723 (PCA)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to Ryukyu University Hospital complaining chiefly of progressive loss of mental activity for one year. He had a history of head trauma at the right retromastoid region when he was 24. Generalized convulsions developed three years later, and left exophthalmos, facial varix and impairment of visual acuity developed seven years later. Dural arteriovenous fistula of the posterior fossa was diagnosed at the age of 32, and feeding EC and tentorial arteries were successively ligated on the right several times without any effect. Angiography during this admission revealed tremendous collateral flows; a marked dilated tortuous occipital artery fed from the right vertebral artery, meningeal branches of VA and PICA, the marginal tentorial artery, and the posterior temporal artery from MCA, PCA were drained into the right transverse sinus. But transverse sinuses were occluded bilaterally, and venous outflows were directed to the superior sagittal sinus retrograde via the ascending cortical vein, Trolard veins, and sphenoparietal and cavernous sinuses. The final drainer was the superior ophthalmic vein on the left. Normal deep veins were not visible. In park bench position, the nidus was totally resected with a part of the transverse and thrombosed sigmoid sinus. Postoperative course was uneventful, and an angiogram showed complete disappearance of the AVF. Dural AVG in the posterior fossa with characteristics such as high flow, and which is rich in collaterals following palliative treatment indicates that total surgical resection should be undertaken.
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PMID:[A case of successfully removed posttraumatic high flow dural arteriovenous fistula in the posterior fossa]. 188 27

The cytotoxic effects of amphetamine derivatives were studied by immunocytochemistry to identify the cellular compartments affected by these drugs, to obtain morphologic evidence of neuronal degeneration, and to assess the potential for regeneration. The substituted amphetamines, MDA, MDMA, PCA, and fenfluramine, all release serotonin and cause acute depletion of 5-HT from most axon terminals in forebrain. (1) Unequivocal signs of axon degeneration were seen at 36-48 hour survivals: 5-HT axons exhibited increased caliber, huge, swollen varicosities, fragmentation, and dilated proximal axon stumps. (2) Fine 5-HT axon terminals were persistently lost after drug administration, while beaded axons and raphe cell bodies were spared. These two types of 5-HT axons, which arise from separate raphe nuclei and form distinct ascending projections, are differentially vulnerable to psychotropic drugs. (3) From 2-8 months after treatment, there was progressive serotonergic re-innervation of neocortex along a fronto-occipital gradient. Longitudinal 5-HT axons grew into layers I and VI from rostral to caudal, before sprouting into middle cortical layers; this bilaminar pattern of growth simulates perinatal development of 5-HT innervation. This study demonstrates differential vulnerability of 5-HT projections, evidence for axonal degeneration, and sprouting of 5-HT axons leading to re-innervation of forebrain. While the sprouting axons are anatomically similar to the type that was damaged, it is not known whether a normal pattern of innervation is re-established.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity of MDMA and related compounds: anatomic studies. 197 16

The 5-years-survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis is limited to about 25%. Still, one of the most important therapeutic procedures in case of bleeding oesophageal and fundic varices is a portasystemic shunt 6 randomized studies have been performed to compare the complete portacaval shunt with the incomplete splenorenal Warren-shunt: The hospital mortality rate (8-10%) and the 5-years-survival rate (43-47%) do not differ; but the rate of postoperative encephalopathy significantly is higher after PCA (40-26%) and the rate of recurrent bleeding significantly is higher after Warren-shunt (13-6%). In case of massively or early recurrent bleeding, we favour an emergency PCA: the mortality rate amounts to 12% in case of the socalled "early operation" (after initially successful balloon tube or sclerotherapy, 52 patients) and 47% in case of "absolute emergency shunt" because of continuing bleeding (119 patients). In the elective situation (58 patients) we favour the Warren-shunt in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, preexisting encephalopathy or Child-B-classification.
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PMID:[Status of the portosystemic shunt in the therapy concept of portal hypertension]. 265 46

A previous report has shown that small diameter serotoninergic (5-HT) axons innervating the forebrain are selectively eliminated by treatment with an amphetamine derivative, (+/-)p-chloroamphetamine (PCA; Mamounas et al., [1991] J. Comp. Neurol. 314:558-586). It is well known that the spinal cord is the target of numerous monoaminergic fibers of different types. We have previously shown that the dorsal and ventral horns and the intermediolateral cell column are innervated by numerous serotonin-, noradrenaline- and dopamine-containing axons, including both thin axons with small varicosities and beaded axons with large varicosities. In all these regions, the large majority of fine indolaminergic fibers do not establish synaptic contacts, contrasting with the beaded axons which mostly exhibit synapses. The present work was conducted to study the effect of PCA on the monoaminergic innervation of the adult rat spinal cord. Animals received two subcutaneous doses of PCA 24 hours apart and were perfused 3 weeks later. Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect 5-HT, noradrenergic and dopaminergic fibers by using light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed that PCA treatment caused a marked and selective elimination of the fine 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers, mainly found in the dorsal horn, but spared all other larger axons. This selective effect on the dorsal horn innervating thin 5-HT fibers was confirmed with the electron microscope by calculating the synaptic incidence(s) of monoaminergic innervation. These results suggest that fine and beaded 5-HT axons correspond to two anatomically, biochemically and pharmacologically different types of fibers, which could arise from two subpopulations of brainstem neurons. In addition, this drug could be used to provide an experimental animal, devoid of 5-HT nonsynaptic fibers, thereby facilitating a study on the role of dorsal horn nonsynaptic system in pain modulation.
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PMID:Light and electron microscopic studies of the effects of p-chloroamphetamine on the monoaminergic innervation of the rat spinal cord. 802 44

Late outcomes of portocaval shunting (PCS) were analyzed in 135 patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension (EPH). It was established that the methods of choice in such patients should be splenorenal anastomosis, mesentericocaval anastomosis (MCA) "side by side" and H-type with autovenous or synthetic insertions. The best results were detected in a combination of portocaval anastomosis with the suturing pf stomach and esophageal varicose veins, if the diameter of the anastomosed vessel was small and portal pressure was reduced by less than 25% (100 mm of water column). The ineffectiveness of MCA "end in side" by Bogoras and cavamesenterial anastomosis was shown due to low efficiency and severe complications, respectively. These data demonstrate efficacy of endovascular dilatation in PCA stenoses, yet the possibilities of severe complications still exist. The best result of endoscopic PCS estimation 1 year after the surgery suggested complete recovery of patients with EPH in most cases.
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PMID:[Late results of portacaval surgical shunt in patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension]. 1465 46