Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0220723 (PCA)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) grown from the bladder cancer cell line RT112 and from the prostate cancer cell line PCA were exposed to 200 or 800 electromagnetically generated focused ultrasound shock waves. RT112 cells showed a distinct but transient decrease in proliferation whereas the effect of PCA cells was less pronounced. Flow-cytometric measurements of DNA content and Ki67 expression revealed no significant changes in the cell cycle distribution. The capacity of RT112 cells exposed to 800 shock waves to re-grow as MCTS was markedly decreased, indicating an alteration of intercellular adhesion.
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PMID:Proliferation of tumor spheroids after shock-wave treatment. 818 40

We have successfully engrafted a human multiple myeloma cell line, ARH-77, into C.B. 17 SCID mice. When ARH-77 cells were injected s.c., tumors grew only at the site of inoculation (five of five). When ARH-77 cells were injected i.v. tumors did not grow in any of the mice (zero of five). However, when mice were given gamma-irradiation with 150 rads and then inoculated i.v. with 10(7) ARH-77 cells, 100% (13 of 13) of the mice developed tumors. Hind leg paralysis was observed in 13 of 16 mice as a result of compression of the spinal cord by tumor. Histological analysis demonstrated that myeloma cells proliferated and formed osteolytic lesions (15 of 16) in the vertebrae and bones of the skull (14 of 16). Tumor cells also invaded the brain and meninges (14 of 16), lung (13 of 15), liver (seven of 15), and kidney (two of 15). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the phenotype of 31% of the bone marrow cells in the vertebrae and 79% of s.c. tumor cells was similar to ARH-77 cells (CD38+, PCA-1+, HLA-Classes 1 and II+). Furthermore, DNA hybridization with a human AluI probe confirmed their human origin. ARH-77-derived human immunoglobulin was detected in the serum of SCID/ARH-77 mice by ELISA. These observations demonstrate systemic involvement of human multiple myeloma following i.v. injection of ARH-77 cells into irradiated mice. This in vivo model should be useful for evaluating new therapeutic modalities for myeloma.
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PMID:Disseminated growth of a human multiple myeloma cell line in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. 844 18

A 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in January, 1991 for further examination of polydipsia, polyuria and hypertension. He had had a personal history of hypertension since 1976 and of diabetes mellitus since 1982. Physical examination and routine laboratory studies showed that the patient was characterized by asymptomatic hypertension in the presence of hypokalemia and increased urinary potassium excretion. Plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) were elevated and plasma renin activity (PRA) was suppressed, resulting in a considerable increase in the ratio of PAC to PRA. PAC was not normally suppressed by saline infusion (2 1/2h, iv). PRA remained suppressed and PAC did not rise after stimulation with iv injection of furosemide (40 mg) in combination with walking for 60 min. PAC was increased in response to ACTH injection (0.25 mg, iv) but not suppressed by dexamethasone administration (2 and 8 mg/day, po). PAC did not rise after iv infusion of angiotensin II (20 ng/kg/min for 30 min). Venous sampling showed that PAC was considerably elevated in the bilateral adrenal vein. CT and MRI demonstrated tumor mass in the bilateral adrenal gland and the remaining normal portion in the left adrenal gland. Scintigraphic imaging with 133I-aldosterol during dexamethasone suppression provided bilateral uptake in the adrenals. Oral administration of spironolactone (375 mg/day) suppressed blood pressure and elevated PRA and serum potassium. Elevated PCA and PRA levels as well as hypertension were corrected by right-total and left-subtotal adrenalectomy performed in March, 1991. However, impaired glucose tolerance was not changed after surgery, and plasma glucose levels were well controlled with a small dose of insulin (9U/day). Pathological studies revealed adrenocortical adenoma cells of clear cell type with spironolactone bodies in the bilateral adrenal tumors. These findings indicate that this is a very rare case of primary aldosteronism due to bilateral functioning adrenocortical adenomas, which is accompanied by diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[A rare case of primary aldosteronism due to bilateral functioning adrenocortical adenomas]. 846 28

Sixteen colonic tumours and 10 normal mucosa biopsies have been examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy at 9.4 T. A complete characterization and quantification of the aliphatic region of PCA extract spectra and the analysis of the two-dimensional COSY spectra of five pairs of intact biopsies (tumor and control mucosa) has been carried out. The analysis of the PCA extracts demonstrated a significant increase in the concentration of the endogenous compounds: lactate, glutamate, aspartate, taurine, spermine, glutathione and glycerophosphoethanolamine, and a significant decrease of myo- and scyllo-inositol, in tumours with respect to mucosae. Among these metabolites, the high myo-inositol and taurine levels and the reciprocal changes found between them in tumours and mucosae make their resonances interesting as possible malignancy markers if they are detectable in vivo. In contrast to the easy observation of taurine in one-dimensional spectra of intact biopsies, the difficulty of observing myo-inositol prompted us to use two-dimensional COSY spectra for the detection and quantification of both these metabolites. In the two-dimensional spectra, the use of a ratio between the cross-peak volumes of both metabolites permits an excellent differentiation between tumours and normal mucosa and suggests its potential to detect malignant changes in the healthy tissue, provided a two-dimensional approach is used.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative characterization of 1H NMR spectra of colon tumors, normal mucosa and their perchloric acid extracts: decreased levels of myo-inositol in tumours can be detected in intact biopsies. 884 31

We have previously identified (M. Wang et al., Oncol. Res., in press, 1998) an enhancer element [human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 enhancer-1 (HTE)] for the human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 promoter that binds a novel zinc finger, cysteine-rich transcription factor (CRTF). In this study, we have used electrophoretic mobility shift assays to examine the relative level of expression of CRTF, jun/fos, and IFN-gamma responsive signal transducer activators of transcription (STATs) that bind specific HTE, activator protein, and IFN-gamma (Fcy and interferon regulatory factor) response motifs in tumor lines and human prostate tissue [i.e., normal (n = 3); benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; n = 12); high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN; n = 10); and prostate cancer adenocarcinoma (PCA; n = 61) plus seminal vesicle (n = 10) tissues]. The data showed that CRTF was overexpressed in PCA (Gleason's score, 10>8>6>5>4) compared with BPH, PIN, seminal vesicle, and normal tissues. To a much lesser degree, jun/fos and STAT 1 were also elevated in PCA compared to BPH, PIN, and normal tissues. In addition, blinded studies showed that CRTF and jun/fos were present at low levels in organ-confined specimens but at significantly elevated levels (P < 0.001) in samples exhibiting capsular penetration and localized spread, which indicated that CRTF and perhaps jun/fos were markers for cancer progression.
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PMID:Specific transcription factors prognostic for prostate cancer progression. 974 34

Preemptive analgesia (PA) is effective in animal models but its clinical effectiveness remains controversial. We examined the effect of preexisting pain on PA. Subjects were recruited from patients needing orthopedic surgery. Some had presurgical pain (fracture surgery and arthritic surgery), while others had no presurgical pain (removal surgery for a tumor, nail or plate). Epidural morphine or a saline control was given preemptively before surgery and maintained until skin closure. Following skin closure, naloxone or placebo was injected intravenously to erase the aftereffects of the morphine. After total recovery, the PCA pump was set to inject epidural morphine. Pain intensity after surgery was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the amount of morphine used within 48h after surgery. PA was significantly effective for removal surgery, but ineffective for fracture or arthritic surgery. For the fracture and arthritic surgery PA treatment groups, there was a significant correlation between pre- and postsurgical (6h) spontaneous pain, while the corresponding control groups showed no significant correlation. Postsurgical VAS values in the fracture and arthritic surgery control groups increased significantly compared with presurgical VAS values. PA was effective when presurgical pain was absent, but ineffective when presurgical pain was present. We propose that central sensitization is already established by presurgical pain, and preserved until the termination of surgery. The ineffectiveness of PA did not depend on whether the pain was acute (fracture surgery) or chronic (arthritic surgery).
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PMID:Involvement of presurgical pain in preemptive analgesia for orthopedic surgery: a randomized double blind study. 1066 21

The supracerebellar transtentorial (SCTT) approach, a modification of the infratentorial supracerebellar approach, facilitates simple and minimally invasive access to posterior temporomedial structures without requiring retraction of the temporal or occipital lobe. The SCTT approach was used in 16 patients over a 3-year period. Eleven patients harbored tumors confined to, or located mainly within, the posterior hippocampal formation, three patients harbored aneurysms (one ruptured posterior cerebral artery [PCA] aneurysm at the P2-P3 junction, one ruptured giant PCA [P2] aneurysm, and one giant basilar artery-superior cerebellar artery aneurysm), one patient had juvenile-type moyamoya disease, and one patient suffered from medically intractable epilepsy. In these patients, the SCTT approach enabled tumor removal, aneurysm clipping, and vascular bypass procedures. The authors' experience suggests that this approach can be used routinely in treating lesions in the posterior temporomedial region.
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PMID:Supracerebellar transtentorial approach to posterior temporomedial structures. 1170 89

The supracerebellar transtentorial (SCTT) approach, a modification of the infratentorial supracerebellar approach, facilitates simple and minimally invasive access to posterior temporomedial structures without requiring retraction of the temporal or occipital lobe. The SCTT approach was used in 16 patients over a 3-year period. Eleven patients harbored tumors confined to, or located mainly within, the posterior hippocampal formation, three patients harbored aneurysms (one ruptured posterior cerebral artery [PCA] aneurysm at the P2-P3 junction, one ruptured giant PCA [P2] aneurysm, and one giant basilar artery-superior cerebellar artery aneurysm), one patient had juvenile-type moyamoya disease, and one patient suffered from medically intractable epilepsy. In these patients, the SC approach enabled tumor removal, aneurysm clipping, and vascular bypass procedures. The authors' experience suggests that this approach can be used routinely in treating lesions in the posterior temporomedial region.
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PMID:Supracerebellar transtentorial approach. 1121 77

Biologically and clinically meaningful tumor classification schemes have long been sought. Some malignant epithelial neoplasms, such as those in the thyroid and endometrium, exhibit more than one pattern of differentiation, each associated with distinctive clinical features and treatments. In other tissues, all carcinomas, regardless of morphological type, are treated as though they represent a single disease. To better understand the biological and clinical features seen in the four major histological types of ovarian carcinoma (OvCa), we analyzed gene expression in 113 ovarian epithelial tumors using oligonucleotide microarrays. Global views of the variation in gene expression were obtained using PCA. These analyses show that mucinous and clear cell OvCas can be readily distinguished from serous OvCas based on their gene expression profiles, regardless of tumor stage and grade. In contrast, endometrioid adenocarcinomas show significant overlap with other histological types. Although high-stage/grade tumors are generally separable from low-stage/grade tumors, clear cell OvCa has a molecular signature that distinguishes it from other poor-prognosis OvCas. Indeed, 73 genes, expressed 2- to 29-fold higher in clear cell OvCas compared with each of the other OvCa types, were identified. Collectively, the data indicate that gene expression patterns in ovarian adenocarcinomas reflect both morphological features and biological behavior. Moreover, these studies provide a foundation for the development of new type-specific diagnostic strategies and treatments for ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Gene expression in ovarian cancer reflects both morphology and biological behavior, distinguishing clear cell from other poor-prognosis ovarian carcinomas. 1218 31

The growth of myeloma cells is believed to be mediated by functional interactions between tumor cells and the marrow environment involving the action of several cytokines. We report on the establishment and characterization of a new human myeloma cell line (TAB1) that can be long-term maintained in the presence of conditioned medium of bone marrow stromal cells (BMCM) and a BMCM independent variant, C2-2. Both cell lines have plasma cell morphology and express plasma cell antigens (CD38, PCA-1 and immunoglobulin kappa light chain). In the absence of BMCM, TAB1 cells undergoing apoptosis were observed. Among the adherent molecules tested, these cells expressed VLA-4, ICAM-1 and H-CAM, but not VLA-5, suggesting that these were mostly immature plasmacytes. Introduction with exogenous IL-6 and/or GM-CSF, which were detected in BMCM, partially supported the proliferation of TAB1 cells. Treatment with anti-IL-6 antibody partially inhibited the proliferation of TAB1 cells cultured with BMCM. These findings strongly suggest that TAB1 required at least two or more factors on their growth in vitro; IL-6 was one of the factors necessary for cell growth. Further studies are required to clarify the precise molecules which support TAB1 cell growth in combination with IL-6, however, TAB1 and its variant C2-2 cells may offer an attractive model to unravel novel molecular mechanisms involved in bone marrow stroma-dependent growth of myeloma cells.
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PMID:Requirement of soluble factors produced by bone marrow stromal cells on the growth of novel established human myeloma cell line. 1257 18


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