Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0206061 (interstitial pneumonia)
 6,105 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several outbreaks of measles have been reported since 2007 both in Italy and elsewhere in Europe. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the cases of measles that were hospitalized at San Martino Hospital from January 2008 to April 2009. All suspected cases of measles from January 2008 to April 2009 were analyzed. Laboratory confirmation was attained by determination of measles-specific IgM antibodies with enzyme immunoassay and/or detection of the measles virus genome in throat swab or urine by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In all, 114 patients with clinically suspected measles were observed and laboratory confirmation was obtained in 83 cases: 34 (34/83; 41%) by specific genome PCR; five (5/83; 6%) only by IgM antibodies and 44 (44/83; 53%) by both methods. The median age was 25 years (range 15-66). The vaccination status was known for 80/83 patients, amongst whom the proportion of unvaccinated was 90% (72/80). No severe complications were observed. The most common complications were nausea/vomiting in 28/83 (34%) and radiologically documented interstitial pneumonia in 22/83 (26%) cases. The median length of hospitalization was five days (range 1-9 days). Almost 90% of patients were aged 20 years and older and hence measles cannot be regarded solely as a childhood disease. Thus widespread high vaccination coverage would be required to prevent new outbreaks and hospitalizations in the adult population.
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PMID:Measles outbreak in adults in Italy. 2147 42

Kampo-medicine has become popular in Japanese medical practice combined with western medicine. For example, Daikenchu-To for intestinal obstruction after surgical operation, Shakuyakukanzo-To and Goshajinki-Gan for anti-cancer agents-induced neuropathy, and Yokkan-San for behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia are alternatively used in addition to conventional treatments in Japan. However, combined use of Kampo-medicine and western medicine may cause unexpected adverse events including undesirable drug-drug interactions because Kampo-medicine was not originally developed to be used with western medicine. Although adverse effects of Kampo-medicine are rare compared with those of western medicine, severe events such as liver dysfunction and interstitial pneumonia have been reported in increasing trends. Medical staff including pharmacists, therefore, should be aware of the onset of adverse events before the patients' symptoms become severe. Several adverse effects are caused by chemical constituents such as glycyrrhizin in licorice for pseudoaldosteronism and geniposide in Gardeniae fructus for mesenteric phlebosclerosis. To understand the adverse effects of Kampo-medicine, pharmacists should learn trends in current medication as well as pharmacology and toxicology of the chemical constituents in pharmacognosy. These issues should also be addressed in educational materials for students of clinical pharmacy and pharmacy practice.
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PMID:[Education Program of Kampo-medicine for Undergraduates in Preparation for Clinical Setting]. 2693 80