Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0206061 (interstitial pneumonia)
 6,105 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reported a case of pneumonitis due to Sho-saiko-to. A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of pneumonia. She complained of dry cough, pyrexia and severe dyspnea. Fine crepitation was heard on physical examination of the chest and a chest X-ray film revealed diffuse reticulo-nodular shadow in both lung fields. We suspected summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis and followed her up, however her condition deteriorated. Under a suspicion of drug-induced pneumonitis, all drugs were stopped and she was given prednisolone. Consequently her complaints, laboratory data and chest X-ray findings markedly improved. Microscopic examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed interstitial pneumonitis. The results of a lymphocyte stimulation test were positive for sho-saiko-to. She gave informed consent after receiving an explanation of the challenge test. She was tested with 2.5 g sho-saiko-to twice and developed high fever and dyspnea with hypoxia, while the chest X-ray film also revealed diffuse infiltrative shadows similar that on admission. Based on these findings, we diagnosed this case as pneumonitis due to sho-saiko-to. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case of pulmonary hypersensitivity due to sho-saiko-to reported in the world.
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PMID:[A case of pneumonitis due to sho-saiko-to]. 263 Jul 77

Interstitial pneumonia has been reported to be a side effect of treatment with interferon, and Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) may enhance this side effect. It is well known that activated neutrophils are important mediators of pulmonary fibrosis, so we studied the effects of interferon and Sho-saiko-to on neutrophil activation. Homogenized lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assayed after intraperitoneal injection of interferon with or without pretreatment with Sho-saiko-to. Although Sho-saiko-to alone did not change the lung MPO content, MPO in the lung was significantly increased by interferon administration. The increase was enhanced further by pretreatment with Sho-saiko-to. When the accumulated neutrophils are activated by some cytokines, such as TNF alpha or IL-1 beta from monocytes/macrophages, they may damage lung tissue. We therefore studied the effects of Sho-saiko-to and interferon on TNF alpha production in freshly isolated human monocytes. Sho-saiko-to increased the production of TNF alpha, but interferon did not. In addition, Sho-saiko-to significantly increased the production of TNF alpha by monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, these data indicate that interferon causes neutrophils to accumulate in the lung. Sho-saiko-to alone may not injure lung tissue, but it increases the effect of interferon. When stimulated by some antigen, Sho-saiko-to may overstimulate the neutrophils. Granulocytes elastase and oxygen radicals released from activated neutrophils may damage lung tissue. The fibroblasts that repair the damaged tissue may increase the risk of pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:[A possible mechanism of interstitial pneumonia during interferon therapy with sho-saiko-to]. 754 Jun 98

We report four cases of acute pneumonitis due either to interferon, or a herbal drug, "Sho-saiko-to", or both in combination, in patients with chronic active hepatitis, focusing on its pathogenesis and response to prednisolone therapy. These cases shared common clinical features: fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, diffuse infiltrates both on chest radiography and chest computed tomography, restrictive pulmonary functional impairment, and alveolitis on examination of transbronchial lung biopsy, all of which suggest acute interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, lymphocytosis was observed in association with the dominant CD8+ T-cell subset in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A lymphocyte stimulation test using peripheral blood was positive to interferon in one case and to Sho-saiko-to in another. All patients responded to oral prednisolone therapy. Peripheral soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels decreased in parallel with improvement in the clinical course. All patients were free of symptoms with a follow-up of 1-3 yrs. We conclude that interferon- and/or Sho-saiko-to-induced acute pneumonitis may be due to allergic-immunological mechanisms rather than toxicity, and that peripheral levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor appear to be good markers of disease activity.
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PMID:Pneumonitis during interferon and/or herbal drug therapy in patients with chronic active hepatitis. 898 Sep 88

The patient was complicated by type C hepatitis considered dur to blood preparations during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. On administration of Sho-saiko-to, the white blood cell count decreased. When the drug was administered again, interstitial pneumonia developed concurrently. The case is a 7-year-old boy. He is the youngest to suffer interstitial pneumonia due to Sho-saiko-to in Japan, showing the possibility that interstitial pneumonia occurs even in childhood. A study of the IgG subclass at the time of the development of interstitial pneumonia in the affected child showed an imbalance of the subclass, with an increase in the percentage of IgG1 and IgG3, and a decreased in the percentage of IgG2 and IgG4. With improvement in the symptoms thereafter, however, the IgG subclass normalized. Thus it is possible that the IgG subclass is concerned with the development of interstitial pneumonia in this case. So, making careful observations is needed in administering Sho saiko-to to children with type C hepatitis who use various immunosuppressants.
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PMID:[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by type C hepatitis during treatment and further by acute interstitial pneumonia due to sho-saiko-to in 7-year-old]. 943 32

A 66-year-old woman had been treated for 3 years by her local physician with Sho-saiko-to for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and liver cirrhosis. She was admitted to our hospital because of cough, fever, and infiltrative shadows on chest x-ray films. Sho-saiko-to-induced pneumonitis was diagnosed and steroid therapy started. Though a temporary improvement was observed, interstitial pneumonitis relapsed and the patient died of respiratory failure and liver dysfunction. Autopsy findings showed diffuse alveolar damage and honeycombing. Furthermore, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction techniques detected HCV-RNA in specimens of fibrotic lung tissue. For comparison, HCV-RNA was not histologically detected in lung tissue specimens from 4 control subjects who were positive for HCV antibodies but who did not have interstitial lung disease. It was speculated that the progression of interstitial pneumonia in the present case may have been caused by HCV in combination with Sho-saiko-to-induced lung injury.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of interstitial pneumonia probably induced by Sho-saiko-to]. 1070 45

Sho-saiko-to (SST), a Chinese/Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo medicine) widely used to treat chronic hepatitis in Japan, is known to modulate immune responses, and thus its immunomodulating activity may be responsible for its bi-directional effects on the lungs as therapeutic efficacy in various lung diseases and involvement in development of interstitial pneumonia. We administered SST to BALB/c mice orally and examined the lung tissue levels of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the effects of SST on acute lung injury induced by instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IL-1. Although SST had no effect on lung TNF-alpha or IL-1beta level, it increased IL-6. Investigation of active fractions of SST suggested that multiple ingredients were supposed to be responsible for IL-6-inducing activity. Liquiritigenin, a metabolite of liquiritin which is one of the major ingredients in SST enhanced in vitro IL-6 production in anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD3 mAb)-stimulated lung mononuclear cells in a cell-type specific and dose-dependent manner. SST suppressed LPS-induced lung injury at the later phase when lung leak was evident while being ineffective on initial neutrophil sequestration to the lung in these models. These findings suggest that SST modulates lung inflammation by regulating local immune response.
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PMID:Modulation of lung local immune responses by oral administration of a herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to. 1072 53

A 67-year-old man, treated for years for hypertension, presented with a persistent dry cough and dyspnea 10 days after the administration of drugs including Sho-seiryu-to against the common cold. Chest X-ray and CT scans revealed diffuse reticular shadows in both lung fields. Under a suspected diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonia or a complex of bacterial and interstitial pneumonia, Sho-seiryu-to was discontinued and antibiotics started. After several days, chest X-ray reticular shadows developed and hypoxia worsened. Subsequently the patient received Prednisolone. Two days later his symptoms and findings markedly improved. Drug lymphocyte stimulation tests for Sho-seiryu-to using peripheral lymphocyte were positive and other drugs were negative. Chest CT showed the reversed halo sign in right middle zone, which was relatively specific to the cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. On the basis of clinical history and these findings, we diagnosed a drug-induced interstitial pneumonia caused by the herbal medicine Sho-seiryu-to. To our knowledge, this is the first case of Sho-seiryu-to induced interstitial pneumonia to be reported.
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PMID:[A case where herbal medicine sho-seiryu-to induced interstitial pneumonitis]. 1570 49

The traditional Chinese herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to is a mixture of seven herbal preparations that has long been used in the treatment of chronic liver disease. Various clinical trials have shown that Sho-saiko-to protects against the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. However, the mechanism by which Sho-saiko-to protects hepatocytes against hepatic fibrosis and carcinoma is not yet known. Basic science studies have demonstrated that Sho-saiko-to reduces hepatocyte necrosis and enhances liver function. Sho-saiko-to significantly inhibits hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of stellate cells, the major producers of collagen in the liver, as well as by inhibiting hepatic lipid peroxidation, promoting matrix degradation, and suppressing extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Furthermore, clinical trials have shown that Sho-saiko-to lowers the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with cirrhosis and increases the survival of patients with HCC. Unfortunately, some case reports have shown the side effects of Sho-saiko-to. Most of the side effects were interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory failure induced by Sho-saiko-to in Japan. As a result of analyzing these case reports, the incidence and risk are increased by co-administration of interferon, duration of medication, and, high in an elderly population. This review discusses the properties of Sho-saiko-to with regards to the treatment of chronic liver diseases and suggests the side effects of Sho-saiko-to.
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PMID:Therapeutic effects of the oriental herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to on liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. 2168 29