Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0206061 (interstitial pneumonia)
 6,105 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections may alter host defense against a variety of pathogens, phagocytosis, oxygen uptake, and H2O2 release by pulmonary macrophages obtained from guinea pigs with acute CMV interstitial pneumonia were evaluated. Experimental animals were inoculated subcutaneously on day zero with 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses of virulent guinea pig CMV. Control animals received an uninfected salivary gland suspension. The animals were sacrificed on day 7; the tissues were cocultivated for virus isolation, and the lungs were lavaged to obtain pulmonary macrophages. CMV was isolated from buffy coat cells (96%), bone marrow cells (71%), whole lungs (77%), pulmonary macrophages (60%), and pulmonary granulocytes (49%). There was no significant difference between groups at sacrifice in the total number of macrophages obtained by pulmonary lavage or in the phagocytic activity of the macrophages in vitro. However, in CMV-infected animals, the maximum rates of O2 consumption in response to the soluble stimulus, phorbol myristate acetate, and the particulate stimulus, Staphylococcus aureus, were 47 and 55%, respectively, of the rates in uninfected controls. Total macrophage O2 consumption in CMV-infected animals was 32 and 37%, respectively, of control values in response to the same stimuli. In CMV-infected animals, the maximum rates of H2O2 release were 22% of those in simultaneous controls for both stimuli, and total H2O2 release was 30 and 25%, respectively, of that in controls in response to these stimuli. Such alterations in macrophage oxidative function may contribute to superinfection during CMV pneumonia.
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PMID:Pulmonary macrophage function during experimental cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonia. 298 Nov 96

Neutrophils accumulated in the lung are thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial pneumonia following bone-marrow transplantation. The effects of gabexate mesilate on several aspects of human neutrophil function have been investigated. Gabexate mesilate significantly decreased both the generation of reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2, OH.) by neutrophils and neutrophil chemotaxis. In contrast, the drug did not affect the levels of reactive oxygen species generated by a cell-free reactive-oxygen-species generating system. Intracellular calcium concentrations in neutrophils stimulated by f-Met-Leu-Phe were decreased in the presence of gabexate mesilate. These data suggest that the reduction in reactive-oxygen-species production and neutrophil chemotaxis by gabexate mesilate may contribute to the effectiveness of the drug in adult respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial pneumonia after bone-marrow transplantation. The suppression of the increase in intracellular calcium concentration may at least be responsible for the inhibition of these neutrophil functions by gabexate mesilate.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of gabexate mesilate on human neutrophil function. 786 69

Infection of sheep by visna-maedi virus causes an interstitial pneumonitis similar to that associated with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Visna-maedi virus infection of alveolar macrophages leads to their activation. In this study we determined whether an imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. We investigated the spontaneous and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in alveolar macrophages from lambs experimentally-infected with visna-maedi virus, and in ovine alveolar macrophages infected in vitro. Alveolar macrophages from lambs experimentally-infected in vivo exhibited normal spontaneous H2O2 release and had superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities similar to those from control animals. In contrast, after in vitro stimulation with PMA the H2O2 production by macrophages from experimentally-infected lambs was significantly increased. Similarly, spontaneous and PMA-induced H2O2 production by in vitro infected macrophages was significantly increased as compared to controls. In conclusion, the increased capacity of alveolar macrophages infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1-related visna-maedi virus to release hydrogen peroxide on stimulation suggests an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of the observed chronic interstitial pneumonitis.
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PMID:Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the experimental interstitial lung disease induced in sheep by visna-maedi virus. 890 54