Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0206061 (interstitial pneumonia)
 6,105 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a hydrophilic glycoprotein with a reduced molecular mass of 43 kDa and a member of the C-type lectin superfamily, along with mannose-binding proteins and surfactant protein A (SP-A). We have recently prepared monoclonal antibodies against human SP-D and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, the levels of SP-D in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of patients with lung diseases were determined by ELISA, using human recombinant SP-D as a standard. We demonstrated that the concentrations of SP-D in sera are prominently increased in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), interstitial pneumonia with collagen disease (IPCD), and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Patients with IPF, IPCD, and PAP exhibited levels of serum SP-D 5.1-fold, 7.2-fold, and 7.0-fold, respectively, of those in healthy volunteers; 91.5% of the patients with IPF, 81.3% with IPCD, and 100% with PAP exhibited serum SP-D levels that exceeded the cut-off value (mean + 2 SD of control value). Serum SP-D levels appeared to reflect the disease activity of IPF and IPCD and the disease severity of PAP. High levels of SP-D in BAL fluids were shown in patients with PAP, but not with IPF and IPCD. We conclude that measurement of SP-D in sera can provide an easily identifiable and useful clinical marker for the diagnosis of IPF, IPCD, and PAP, and can predict the disease activity of IPF and IPCD and the disease severity of PAP.
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PMID:Pulmonary surfactant protein D in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. 852 Jul 47

Pulmonary surfactant is synthesized and secreted by alveolar type II cells. The major components of surfactant are phospholipids and four distinct surfactant-specific proteins: SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D. The concentrations of SP-D and SP-A were measured in sera of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies against human SP-D and SP-A. The concentrations of SP-D and SP-A in samples from the patients were, respectively, 5.7 and 2.8 times higher than those in samples from healthy volunteers; 86.2% and 71.4% of the patients had concentrations of SP-D and SP-A, respectively, that were more than 2 standard deviations greater than the mean of the control values. Moreover, the serum SP-D and SP-A concentrations appeared to reflect the disease activity of IIP. There was a negative significant correlation between the concentrations of SP-A in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results suggest that SP-D and SP-A, which are primarily secreted from alveolar type II cells into the alveolar lumen, can enter the bloodstream easily due to injury at the alveolar-capillary membrane. We conclude that measurement of SP-D and SP-A in sera can provide an easily identifiable and useful clinical marker for the diagnosis of IIP, and can be used to predict the disease activity of IIP.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of serum surfactant proteins A and D in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia]. 921 12

We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of SP-D in serum using recombinant SP-D as a standard and horseradish peroxidase conjugated F(ab')2 fragment of mouse monoclonal antibody IgG to avoid the interaction of serum factors including rheumatoid factor. The use of F(ab')2 fragment dramatically decreased the value of serum SP-D concentration in rheumatoid arthritis patients without pulmonary complication to the close level of healthy volunteer. In contrast, the patients with collagen disease having interstitial pulmonary pneumonia exhibited consistently elevated levels of serum SP-D. The use of new ELISA with recombinant SP-D and F(ab')2 fragment of anti-SP-D monoclonal antibody gives a greater advantage for the accurate detection of SP-D in sera from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia with collagen disease and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis without interference of rheumatoid factor.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using F(ab')2 fragment for the detection of human pulmonary surfactant protein D in sera. 943 44

The abundant and restricted expression of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D within the lung makes these collectins specific markers for lung diseases. The measurement of SP-A and SP-D in amniotic fluids and tracheal aspirates reflects lung maturity and the production level of the lung surfactant in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The SP-A concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids are significantly decreased in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and also in patients at risk to develop ARDS. The prominent increase of these proteins in BAL fluids and sputum is diagnostic for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). The concentrations of SP-A and SP-D in BAL fluids from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and interstitial pneumonia with collagen vascular diseases (IPCD) are rather lower than those in healthy controls and the SP-A/phospholipid ratio may be a useful marker of survival prediction. SP-A and SP-D appear in the circulation in specific lung diseases. Their serum concentrations significantly increase in patients with PAP, IPF and IPCD. The successive monitoring of serum levels of SP-A and SP-D may predict the disease activity. The serum SP-A levels increase in patients with ARDS. SP-A is also a marker for lung adenocarcinomas and can be used to differentiate lung adenocarcinomas from other types and metastatic cancers from other origins, and to detect metastasis of lung adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Surfactant proteins A and D: disease markers. 981 83

We evaluated the clinical significance of surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) as useful markers of disease activity in patients with diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Serum concentrations of SP-A and SP-D were measured by the sandwich ELISA method. The serum levels of SP-A and SP-D in patients with diffuse interstitial pneumonia (IIP, CVD-IP, HP, Ra-IP) were significantly higher than the levels in healthy controls, and showed high positive rates. IIP patients characterized by a predominantly ground-glass opacity (GGO) pattern on high-resolution computed tomograms had significantly higher concentrations of serum SP-A. Elevated SP-D levels reflected the extent not only of GGO but also of parenchymal collapse opacity (PCO). It is likely that the mechanisms behind the elevation of SP-A and SP-D do not correlate with pathologic changes in IIP. Serum SP-A and SP-D levels obtained at the time of initial evaluation from 9 patients who died after less than 3 years of follow-up were significantly higher than in patients with survival rates of more than 3 years. Serum SP-A and SP-D may be useful biomarkers of disease activity in patients with IIP.
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PMID:[Surfactant proteins A and D as biomarkers of disease activity in diffuse interstitial pneumonia]. 1084 95

It has been reported that serum levels of KL-6 and surfactant protein D(SP-D) can be useful indicators for interstitial pneumonia(IP). In the present study, we evaluated the clinical significance of KL-6 and SP-D by measuring the serum levels of patients with various pulmonary diseases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of KL-6 in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia(IIP), collagen disease with interstitial pneumonia(CDIP), lung cancer(LC) and LC with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia were significantly higher than of those in healthy controls. Moreover, serum levels of KL-6 were significantly higher in patients with active IP than in those with inactive IP. Serum levels of SP-D in patients with IIP and CDIP were significantly higher than of those in healthy controls. When a cut-off level of KL-6 or SP-D in sera was defined as a value of healthy controls representing the means + 2SD, the serum KL-6 positive diagnostic rate for IP(79.2%) was higher than that of SP-D(66.7%). The SP-D positive diagnostic rate for lung diseases other than IP(11.6%) was lower than that of KL-6(34.9%). The serum concentration of KL-6 in patients with the pulmonary diseases significantly correlated with that of SP-D. These findings suggest that KL-6 may be superior in the sensitivity of IP and can be used to evaluate the disease activity of IP. In addition, SP-D may be more specific for IP than KL-6.
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PMID:[The clinical study on KL-6 and SP-D in sera of patients with various pulmonary diseases]. 1089 75

Diffuse lung diseases show an abnormal shadow that is widely scattered on the bilateral lung fields in the chest X ray view and includes many respiratory diseases such as the infectious or the non-infectious disease; neoplasms. Among these, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) has been studied extensively because of its high frequency and difficulty of treatment. IPF is defined by the respiratory functions, the radiological findings, which depend on HRCT, and the histopathological evaluation by surgical lung biopsy. In particular, the histopathological appearance of usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP) is essential for the diagnosis of IPF. Most serum examinations such as angiotensin-converting enzyme, anti-nuclear antibodies are applied to rule out other diffuse lung diseases. SP-D or KL-6, which is the marker of the type II epithelial cells, is thought to be very useful for revealing the disease activity, but since it is not increased in the early stages of IPF, it is not applied in the diagnosis of IPF. The definitive serum examinations for the diagnosis or determinations of the therapeutic effect or prognosis of IPF have not been established. Easier, more useful and critical examinations including genetic diagnosis are required to manage patients with IPF.
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PMID:[The examinations for diffuse lung diseases]. 1121 19

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent fever, severe cough and sputum. Chest radiological examinations showed diffuse reticulonodular opacities in both lung fields. Interstitial pneumonia with probable polymyositis was diagnosed. Serum surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-D and KL-6, which are new interstitial lung disease markers, showed values significantly higher than cutoff levels. The markers increased more in parallel with the rapid development of respiratory insufficiency, CPK level, myalgia and proximal muscle weakness. Treatment with a high dose of corticosteroid and the following gradual decrease over 8 months led to clinical and radiological improvement, with normalization of values of the markers. These markers may therefore be reliable indicators of therapeutic success. However, these markers underwent different respective changes during the first 2 months. SP-A reached a maximum at the start of the treatment, while SP-D and KL-6 peaked at 5 and 10 days, respectively, after the treatment was initiated. This discrepancy demonstrates that the markers reach the bloodstream by diverse mechanisms and are useful for analyzing pathophysiological alterations in the lung in the early stages of treatment.
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PMID:[New serum markers to monitor treatment of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease]. 1148 32

Lung surfactant(LS) is a mixture of several lipids and four apolipoproteins(SP-A, -B, -C and -D) and lowers surface tension at air-liquid interface of alveoli. Most of LS is synthesized and secreted by alveolar type II cells. Although lamellar bodies are storage granules of LS, each component appears to take independent intracellular routes to reside in the granules. Patients with infantile respiratory distress syndrome(IRDS) or acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) develop fatal respiratory failure due to lack of LS. In addition, acute phase of interstitial pneumonia also shows deterioration of LS and increased alveolar surface force resulting in decreased lung compliance. SP-A and SP-D are used as serum marker to evaluated activity of interstitial lung diseases. Recently, growing evidences are accumulating that LS plays a role in innate host defense in the lung against large species of bacteria, mycoplasma, and viruses.
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PMID:[Function of lung surfactant and its deterioration]. 1201 15

The lung injury such as interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis causes severe respiratory failure resulting in poor prognosis. Recently, SP-A and SP-D as well as KL-6 are known as serum markers for these lung injuries. SP-A and SP-D are the surfactant specific proteins and synthesized by alveolar type II epithelial cells. KL-6 is one of the membrane proteins of type II cells. As these proteins are highly specific to the lungs, they are used as serum markers for diagnosis, determination of the severity, follow up of the clinical course and prognosis of interstitial pneumonia. Although these markers are clinically useful, further information on the mechanisms why they are present in the serum and also on the relationships between these proteins needs to be accumulated.
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PMID:[Lung injury and serum markers]. 1249 3


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