Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0206061 (interstitial pneumonia)
 6,105 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case histories of 72 subsequently treated patients - 44 with acute leukemia, 10 with chronic myeloid leukemia, 16 with severe aplastic anemia and 2 with neuroblastoma - were analyzed after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with respect to pulmonary diseases. Thirty-eight patients suffered from a total of 51 pulmonary complications, which led to death in 20. Of 13 patients, 3 died of bacterial pneumonia, all of them during granulocytopenia; 2 of 6 patients died of fungal pneumonia and 2 out of 3 of a mixed bacterial-mycotic infection. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) led to death in 2 patients. A granulocyte count under 500/microliter correlated significantly (P less than 0.002) with the fatal outcome of bacterial, fungal and ARDS pneumonia as well as with bronchitis. Viral pneumonia led to death in 8 of 9 patients; in each there was a significant correlation (P less than 0.05) with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Patients with repeated episodes of pulmonary illness had significantly more chronic GvHD (P less than 0.05); several of these patients displayed a reduction in helper T cells and an increase in suppressor T cells in the peripheral blood. The natural killer (NK) cells were reduced and the percentage of activated NK cell level lay between 6% and 69%. B-cells were absent or deficient. These findings explain in part the absence of specific antibody reactivity. Five of these patients also contracted GvHD-associated obstructive bronchiolitis, which did not respond to therapy. Pulmonary infiltrates of unknown origin (including idiopathic interstitial pneumonia) occurred in 8 of the patients (11.1%), with a fatal outcome in 3 patients. Significant changes (P less than 0.05) in lung function after BMT appeared in the form of reduced vital capacity (VC) increased residual volume (RV) and an increase in RV expressed as the percentage of total lung capacity. Pulmonary diseases were the most common complication and cause of death in our patients after BMT.
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PMID:Lung diseases after bone marrow transplantation. Results of a clinical, radiological, histological, immunological and lung function study. 352 53

Differential cell counts were done on bronchial lavage specimens from 166 horses. Postmortem gross and histologic examinations were done to determine the pathologic diagnosis of the lungs from these horses. Ninety-two (55%) were normal, 18 (11%) had interstitial pneumonia, 13 (8%) had bronchopneumonia, 13 (8%) had focal eosinophilia, 11 (7%) had diffuse eosinophilia, 11 (7%) had chronic bronchitis, and 8 (5%) had suppurative bronchitis. Little relationship was found between cellular features of the lavage specimens and the pathologic status of the lungs of individual horses.
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PMID:Equine tracheobronchial lavage: comparison of lavage cytologic and pulmonary histopathologic findings. 397 Apr 17

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the lower respiratory tract of six patients who had pulmonary infection, the severity varying from acute bronchitis to severe diffuse interstitial pneumonia. The latter appeared in four immunosuppressed patients, from three of whom cytomegalovirus was also isolated. Therapy directed against C. trachomatis resulted in prompt clinical improvement in three patients. Two patients died. C. trachomatis causes disease in the adult respiratory tract, the prevalence of which has yet to be determined, and it may be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunosuppressed patient.
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PMID:Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from the lower respiratory tract of adults. 610 57

The clinical course, serial pulmonary function studies, lung histopathologic findings, and treatment in two patients after bone marrow transplantation for acute monoblastic leukemia or aplastic anemia are presented. The course in one patient has been slowly progressive for 2 years and characterized by chronic obstructive airways disease and recurrent pneumothoraces. Histopathologic changes were nonspecific, characterized by chronic interstitial pneumonitis and interstitial fibrosis. In the second patient there was insidious onset of disease with increasing dyspnea on exertion and rapid clinical deterioration; he died within 4 months of severe obstructive airways disease. Necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis characterized the lung findings. Neither patient responded to conventional bronchodilator therapy, and prednisone was the only agent to produce subjective, though transient, improvement. Symptomatic obstructive airways disease associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease is emerging as a potentially major cause of morbidity and mortality after marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Chronic obstructive airways disease after bone marrow transplantation. 638 80

Systemic pathological alterations were studied in thirty-seven autopsied patients with Kawasaki disease. Systemic vasculitis was the most characteristic pathological finding and was present in all the patients. In addition to the vasculitis, there was a high incidence of inflammatory lesions in various organs and tissues: in the heart, endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis; in the digestive system, stomatitis, sialoduct-adenitis, catarrhal enteritis, hepatitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and pancreas ductitis; in the respiratory system, bronchitis and segmental interstitial pneumonia; in the urinary system, focal interstitial nephritis, cystitis, and prostatitis; in the nervous system, aseptic leptomeningitis, choriomeningitis, gangliontis, and neuritis; in the hematopoietic system, lymphadenitis, splenitis, and thymitis. Dermatitis, panniculitis or myositis were also observed in some patients. Therefore, Kawasaki disease is a systemic inflammatory disease which mainly affects the cardiovascular system. These systemic inflammatory lesions are considered to correspond to the variegated clinical manifestaitions. The relationship between Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa (IPN) were discussed, based on the clinicopathological characteristics.
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PMID:General pathology of Kawasaki disease. On the morphological alterations corresponding to the clinical manifestations. 744 9

We recently determined that the sequential development of interstitial pneumonitis and lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis occurs as a direct result of acute lethal graft-versus-host disease. Interstitial pneumonitis develops before lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis primarily from the dissemination of perivascular mononuclear infiltrates. We have used the adult, nonirradiated (DA x LEW) F1 hybrid rat in the absence of chemotherapy, immunosuppression, or overt infection to determine the phenotype of infiltrating perivascular mononuclear cells throughout acute lethal graft-versus-host disease. F1 animals were intravenously injected with 1 x 10(6) DA parental lymphoid cells/g body weight, which produced 100% morbidity and mortality by day 21. Graft-versus-host disease animals were killed on days 3, 7, 10, 14, and 15 to 21 after injection. Whole left lung lobes were frozen, serially sectioned (4 microns), and incubated with a panel of mouse anti-rat monoclonal antibodies. Labeled antibody density was determined by computerized image analysis. Perivascular infiltration was observed first for ED1+, OX8+, and W3/25+ cells, and then OX41+, W3/13+ and OX19/25+ populations. OX6 was expressed in control tissues and at all time points tested. OX12+, OX39+ and MOM/3F12/F2+ cells were not quantifiable. The present study has determined that the process of perivascular infiltration was produced through a biphasic influx of OX6+, T-cell, and macrophage populations.
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PMID:Phenotypic analysis of pulmonary perivascular mononuclear infiltrates that occur as a direct result of acute lethal graft-versus-host disease describes the onset of interstitial pneumonitis. 748 98

The two main reactive pulmonary lymphoid disorders are lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and follicular bronchitis/bronchiolitis, both pathological entities with a variety of aetiologies. We reviewed the morphological and immunohistochemical features of 26 cases with one or other of these two diagnoses, to explore the possibility that they represented overlapping patterns of hyperplasia of the bronchopulmonary immune system. The polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the clonality of the infiltrates. Histologically, there was a spectrum of changes with two main components. An interstitial infiltrate of mainly T lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes predominated in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, whilst lymphoid follicles predominated around airways in follicular bronchitis/bronchiolitis. Classification of the disorder rested on which component the pathologists believed to be dominant. In two cases, histology and immunohistochemistry suggested lymphoma, and in one of these cases this diagnosis was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction. One case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia produced three bands. The remainder produced polyclonal patterns when samples were adequate. Clinically, there was no clear difference between patients with the two disorders, or patients with pathological features of both.
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PMID:Reactive pulmonary lymphoid disorders. 754 61

The present study describes the acute histopathological changes induced by methyl isocyanate (MIC) in the lungs of rats at 24 h after a single exposure to varied concentrations/doses of MIC by inhalation and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes and also delineates the effects due to the hydrolytic derivatives of MIC, viz., methylamine (MA) and N,N'-dimethyl urea (DMU). MIC, either inhaled or administered s.c., resulted in a wide range and extent of histopathological changes in the lungs, proportional to the exposure concentration/dose. The salient, effects of inhaled MIC are acute necrotizing bronchitis of the entire respiratory tract accompanied by varying degrees of confluent congestion, hyperemia and interstitial and intra-alveolar edema, while MIC administered s.c. led to prominent vascular endothelial damage, congestion and severe interstitial pneumonitis with apparently normal bronchial epithelium; and intra-alveolar edema only with the high dose. The only noteworthy lesion produced by MA and DMU (to some extent) was interstitial pneumonitis, suggesting their possible involvement in the subsequent inflammatory response of MIC. Except, for the endothelial changes, the overall spectrum of the histopathological lesions is quite comparable to those observed in the lungs of Bhopal victims during the acute phase.
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PMID:Comparative toxicity of methyl isocyanate and its hydrolytic derivatives in rats. I. Pulmonary histopathology in the acute phase. 771 53

The histological changes in 17 biopsy specimens of the lung showing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients were reviewed and correlated with the patients' clinical courses. These morphological changes fell into four transplant-related categories: diffuse alveolar damage, lymphocytic bronchitis/bronchiolitis with interstitial pneumonitis, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, and cicatricial bronchiolitis obliterans. Pulmonary disease correlated with the presence of GVHD at extrathoracic sites. Patients with active lymphocytic bronchitis/bronchiolitis, cicatricial bronchiolitis obliterans, and diffuse alveolar damage had particularly poor outcomes. A proposal is offered for the categorization of the pulmonary damage caused by GVHD in BMT recipients.
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PMID:The histological spectrum of pulmonary graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant recipients. 777 99

The autopsy records of 115 children with severe protein-energy malnutrition were reviewed. Sections of the lung histology showed evidence of bacterial pneumonia in 49% of cases. An additional 18% showed bronchitis, bronchiolitis or interstitial pneumonitis. Aspiration of gastric contents was evident in 10% of cases; 6% showed pulmonary oedema and congestion. In the remaining cases, no lung pathology was identified (17%). In 8 cases, rapid autopsy examination permitted fixation of lung tissue for electron microscopy. These included 4 cases of bronchopneumonia, one of which was associated with viral pneumonia. Another interstitial pneumonitis, probably of viral aetiology, was also studied. Both these virus-associated cases showed loss of type I pneumocytes and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes. Another patient with herpes simplex hepatitis showed necrotic emboli in pulmonary capillaries with virions, as well as colonies of interstitial bacteria. One patient with acute pulmonary oedema displayed severe endothelial cell swelling on electron microscopy. In one case, there was no evidence of respiratory changes, apart from desquamation of type I pneumocytes. Useful information can be obtained on the fine structure of the lung, using samples taken soon after death.
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PMID:Pathology of the lungs in childhood malnutrition in Jamaica. Light and electron microscopy. 794 98


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