Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0206061 (interstitial pneumonia)
 6,105 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The type of lung disease caused by metal compounds depends on the nature of the offending agent, its physicochemical form, the dose, exposure conditions and host factors. The fumes or gaseous forms of several metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel carbonyl (Nl(CO)4, zinc chloride (ZnCl2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), may lead to acute chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema or to acute tracheobronchitis. Metal fume fever, which may follow the inhalation of metal fumes e.g. zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and many others, is a poorly understood influenza-like reaction, accompanied by an acute self-limiting neutrophil alveolitis. Chronic obstructive lung disease may result from occupational exposure to mineral dusts, including probably some metallic dusts, or from jobs involving the working of metal compounds, such as welding. Exposure to cadmium may lead to emphysema. Bronchial asthma may be caused by complex platinum salts, nickel, chromium or cobalt, presumably on the basis of allergic sensitization. The cause of asthma in aluminium workers is unknown. It is remarkable that asthma induced by nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) is apparently infrequent, considering their potency and frequent involvement as dermal sensitizers. Metallic dusts deposited in the lung may give rise to pulmonary fibrosis and functional impairment, depending on the fibrogenic potential of the agent and on poorly understood host factors. Inhalation of iron compounds causes siderosis, a pneumoconiosis with little or no fibrosis. Hard metal lung disease is a fibrosis characterized by desquamative and giant cell interstitial pneumonitis and is probably caused by cobalt, since a similar disease has been observed in workers exposed to cobalt in the absence of tungsten carbide. Chronic beryllium disease is a fibrosis with sarcoid-like epitheloid granulomas and is presumably due to a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium. Such a mechanism may be responsible for the pulmonary fibrosis occasionally found in subjects exposed to other metals e.g. aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), rare earths. The proportion of lung cancer attributable to occupation is around 15%, with exposure to metals being frequently incriminated. Underground mining of e.g. uranium or iron is associated with a high incidence of lung cancer, as a result of exposure to radon. At least some forms of arsenic, chromium and nickel are well established lung carcinogens in humans. There is also evidence for increased lung cancer mortality in cadmium workers and in iron or steel workers.
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PMID:Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. 217 66

We studied seven subjects with certain manifestations of cobalt-induced lung disease. All worked with cobalt and were involved in either the production or use of hard metal. The mode of presentation varied from an acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis that cleared completely when exposure ceased to progressive severe interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. In one subject reexposure was followed by a recurrence of the symptoms. All subjects showed restrictive ventilatory impairment and a reduction of their diffusing capacity. The radiologic appearances varied greatly. While two subjects had clear roentgenograms with small lung volumes, others had a micronodular pattern or small blotchy nodular infiltrates, and one had diffuse reticulonodulation as is seen in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. The pathologic appearances varied between desquamative interstitial pneumonia and overt mural fibrosis of the alveoli. Six of the seven patients had multinucleated giant cells in their biopsy specimens or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
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PMID:The respiratory effects of cobalt. 229 86

The lungs are frequently affected in systemic sclerosis, and pulmonary disease may significantly influence morbidity and mortality. The clinical, radiographic, and physiologic features of scleroderma lung disease are discussed in this article, as are new approaches to the detection and study of interstitial pneumonitis. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is discussed in the context of data derived from bronchoalveolar lavage studies. Pulmonary vascular disease and less common pulmonary features of systemic sclerosis are also discussed.
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PMID:Lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. 240 8

The authors discuss the anatomoclinical case of an infant 3 months and 2 weeks old, presenting a clinical picture of interstitial pneumonia, in shock. Microscopic histologic examination of the lung revealed a lung disease with hyaline membranes, an unusual entity after the neonatal period. The authors assume the formation of hyaline membranes to be due to prolonged shock and the inadequate alveolar surfactant.
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PMID:[A case of acute hyaline membrane pneumopathy in a 3-month-old infant]. 251 17

Pulmonary disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All parts of the hospital system are expected to be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infected patients in the coming years. Many different processes cause pulmonary disease alone or in combination. Bilateral interstitial infiltrates are the most frequent chest x-ray abnormality and are most frequently caused by infection with Pneumocystis carinii. Cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma are the most important parts of the differential diagnosis. An aggressive approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in this patient population is indicated in order to provide optimal care and assess new therapies.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 255 41

Establishing the diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis is always difficult and requires that the following criteria be met: administration of the drug on a long-term basis; knowledge that the drug is able to induce pulmonary disorders; occurrence during therapy of interstitial pneumonitis with clinical, radiological and functional characteristics of this type of lung disease; exclusion of all other causes of interstitial pneumonitis (cardiac failure, infections, collagen vascular diseases, malignancies); bronchoalveolar lavage specimen, revealing lymphocytosis with an inverted CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio, isolated or associated with neutrophil and/or eosinophil alveolitis; finally, full recovery within several weeks or months after drug withdrawal unless irreversible pulmonary fibrosis has occurred. Certain specific characteristics correspond to the therapeutic class of the drug, i.e. antimicrobial, cardiovascular, antiinflammatory, neurological, metabolic, antiallergy or some other drugs.
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PMID:[Drug-induced pneumopathies (excluding cytostatic drugs)]. 261 Apr 52

To evaluate the usefulness of anti-T6 monoclonal antibody cell analysis in the assessment of diffuse lung disease, 77 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed on 70 subjects: 18 normal smokers, 14 normal nonsmokers, 30 patients with chronic interstitial lung diseases (15 sarcoidosis, 12 idiopathic or associated pulmonary fibrosis, 3 histiocytosis X) and 8 patients with diffuse lung neoplastic disorders. The percentage of T6-positive cells was significantly higher in normal smokers than in normal nonsmokers (p less than 0.05). Positive T6 cells were absent or less than 1% in normal subjects, in patients with interstitial lung diseases and in patients with diffuse lung cancer, except in a case of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, who had 2% of reacting cells. In contrast, such cells were always 3% or higher in the 6 BAL performed in histiocytosis X patients (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis with anti-T6 monoclonal antibody in the evaluation of diffuse lung diseases. 263 45

Thoracoscopy was performed under local anesthesia in 419 patients suffering from a diffuse lung disease. In 85% of the cases diagnosis was clarified by thoracoscopy. All other cases were confirmed by means of an open lung biopsy. The best results were obtained in sarcoidosis of the stages II and III, the sensitivity being 0.98. Tumour-conditioned diffuse lung diseases were clarified in 88% of the cases; proof of an interstitial pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonia was established in 85% of the patients. Results regarding histiocytosis X were poor: thoracoscopic-bioptic proof was successful in only 42% of the patients. In 419 examinations we only detected a severe complication (air embolism). Drainage times were on the average between 4 and 5 days. On the whole, the method was characterised in the field of diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases by a high degree of sensitivity and satisfactory specificity. Both in respect of the invasiveness of the examination and its sensitivity it occupies an intermediate position between peripheral bronchoscopically obtained biopsy and surgical open lung biopsy, representing a valuable extension of the diagnostic instrumentarium if the indication is carefully considered.
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PMID:[Thoracoscopy in diffuse lung diseases]. 271 51

Though bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) was proposed as a new infiltrative lung disease in 1985, we think it has two radiologic problems. First, in spite of interstitial pneumonia, about half of chest radiographs of BOOP has been reported to show alveolar opacities. Second, because radiologic features of both some cases of BOOP and of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) show reticular shadows on chest radiographs, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between two diseases. We correlated CT images with open lung biopsy specimens and evaluated CT's ability to differentiate BOOP from UIP. CT findings of all cases of BOOP were: (1) markedly increased dense infiltrates of various sizes which demarcated sharply from normal lung field. Air bronchogram was always present. (2) less dense images were seen which also stood out against the normal lung field. The former corresponded to air space consolidation formed by organized exudates and inflammatory cells within alveolar ducts and alveoli, while the latter indicated luminal and mural alveolitis. Both findings were sharply delineated from each other probably because of intervening interlobular septa. Conglomerated small cystic shadows and air bronchography within areas of intense lung density were seen in CT images of most of 28 patients with UIP. Those findings proved to correspond to macroscopic or microscopic honey combing which were not seen in our cases of BOOP. These radiologic and pathologic features of UIP were different.
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PMID:[CT pathologic correlative study of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia]. 272 93

Sulfasalazine has been associated with bronchopulmonary complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults. We describe a 12-year-old boy who developed desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and hepatic cirrhosis several years following the onset of ulcerative colitis. The restrictive lung disease progressed despite cessation of sulfasalazine and initiation of corticosteroid therapy. We discuss a variety of bronchopulmonary complications of IBD and their association with sulfasalazine.
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PMID:Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease of childhood. 286 42


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