Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0206061 (interstitial pneumonia)
 6,105 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred and eight children with recurrent pneumonia were studied over a 5-year period. Among these patients we found 10 cases with primary immunodeficiency disease: 6 cases of IgA deficiency, 1 case of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, 1 case of common variable immunodeficiency, 1 case of hyper IgM syndrome, and 1 case of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. This study describes the clinical features of these cases and assesses the usefulness of our immunodeficiency screening protocol. In this group 6 were males; the mean age at first episode of pneumonia was 3 years (range 3 months to 18 years), and the age of diagnosis ranged between 10 months and 19 years. The average number of episodes of pneumonia in each patient was 5 (range 2 to 12), and the number of hospitalizations ranged up to 13. The etiologic agents isolated from this recurrent pneumonia were S. pneumoniae, Moraxella, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza B virus. Intravenous immunoglobulin was used in four cases. Two patients had chronic pulmonary damage with bronchiectasis and interstitial pneumonia. Only one patient died (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome) during the follow-up from an intracranial hemorrhage. We found that the screening protocol applied to patients with recurrent pneumonia is a useful tool for ruling out the primary immunodeficiency disorders.
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PMID:Recurrent pneumonia as warning manifestation for suspecting primary immunodeficiencies in children. 1190 19

This investigation detailed the clinical disease, gross and histologic lesions, and distribution of viral antigen in juvenile laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) intranasally inoculated with either the A/tern/South Africa/61 (H5N3) (tern/SA) influenza virus or the A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (H5N1) (chicken/HK) influenza virus, which are both highly pathogenic for chickens. Neither morbidity nor mortality was observed in gulls inoculated with either virus within the 14-day investigative period. Gross lesions resultant from infection with either virus were only mild, with the tern/SA virus causing decreased lucency of the air sacs (2/6), splenomegaly (2/6), and pancreatic mottling (1/6) and the chicken/HK virus causing only decreased lucency of the air sacs (2/8) and conjunctival edema (2/8). Histologic lesions in the tern/SA-inoculated gulls included a mild to moderate heterophilic to lymphoplasmacytic airsacculitis (6/6), mild to moderate interstitial pneumonia (3/6), and moderate necrotizing pancreatitis and hepatitis at 14 days postinoculation (DPI) (2/6). Immunohistochemical demonstration of viral antigen occurred only in association with lesions in the liver and pancreas. In contrast, viral antigen was not demonstrated in any tissues from the chicken/HK-inoculated gulls, and inflammatory lesions were confined to the air sac (3/8) and lungs (3/8). Both viruses were isolated at low titers (<10(1.68) mean embryo lethal dose) from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs up to 7 days postinoculation (DPI), from the lung and kidney of one of two tern/SA-inoculated gulls at 14 DPI, and from the lung of one of two chicken/HK-inoculated gulls at 7 DPI. Antibodies to influenza viruses as determined with the agar gel precipitin test at 14 DPI were detected only in the two tern/SA-inoculated gulls and not in the two chicken/HK-inoculated gulls.
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PMID:Susceptibility of laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) to H5N1 and H5N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. 1249 48

Infection with influenza A (H5N1) virus, which has not been associated with respiratory disease in humans previously, caused clinical signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome with high mortality in humans in Hong Kong in 1997. To study the pathogenesis of this disease, we infected four cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with 2.5 x 104 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of influenza virus A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) and euthanatized them 4 or 7 days after infection. The main lesion was a necrotizing broncho-interstitial pneumonia (4/4) similar to those found in primary influenza virus pneumonia in humans, with desquamation of respiratory epithelium (4/4), intra-alveolar hemorrhage (4/4), hyaline membrane formation (2/4), and infiltration with neutrophils and macrophages (4/4). Lesions in other organs consisted of a suppurative tonsillitis (2/4) and necrosis in lymphoid organs (1/4), kidney (1/4), and liver (1/4). By immunohistochemistry, influenza virus antigen was limited to pulmonary tissue (4/4) and tonsils (2/4). Based on these results, we suggest that the cynomolgus monkey is a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis of human H5N1 virus infection and that multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome in this disease may be caused by diffuse alveolar damage from virus replication in the lungs alone.
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PMID:Pathology of human influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). 1272 72

Continuing previous work, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction approaches for the detection of RNA viruses (influenza A+B, parainfluenza virus 3, respiratory syncytial virus) were developed. A total of 118 infant deaths, including 13 cases of non-natural death (nND), 78 cases of natural death (ND) without morphological signs of interstitial pneumonia (IP), 27 cases showing IP (ND+IP), were investigated using frozen lung tissue ( N=100) and paraffin-embedded material ( N=18). In five of the autopsy cases (ND+IP) the influenza B virus genome could be detected and the other types of viruses were completely negative. Together with previous results (detection of adenoviruses and cytomegaloviruses) in the same groups, the frequency of virus detection in the cases with IP was 48% compared with 14% in the ND without IP and 7% in the nND. Significant differences in the frequency of virus detection were also obtained when the cases were divided in SIDS and non-SIDS. The results obtained indicate an association between IP and some viruses and support the hypothesis that respiratory virus infections could act as trigger in sudden infant death.
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PMID:Detection of RNA viruses in sudden infant death (SID). 1275 Sep 7

The direct transmission of H5N1 influenza A viruses from chickens to humans in Hong Kong in 1997 emphasized the need to have information on the pathogenesis of avian influenza virus infection in mammals. H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from patients during the incident killed experimentally infected mice. The principal lesions of the mice were broncho-interstitial pneumonia and nonsuppurative encephalitis. Infectious viruses and/or viral antigens were detected in the brain as well as in the trigeminal and vagal ganglia but not in the blood of the mice. These findings suggest that the virus reached the brain through the vagus and/or trigeminal nerves following replication in the respiratory mucosa. The results imply that neurotropism of the H5N1 virus in mice is a novel characteristic in the pathogenesis of infection by human influenza virus isolates.
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PMID:Neurotropism of the 1997 Hong Kong H5N1 influenza virus in mice. 1286 72

Infection, including viral infection, still cause serious complication in the course of chemotherapy. Recognition of viral infections, monitoring, prophylaxis and treatment is aimed at reducing the number of infected patients, mitigating the cause of the disease and limiting deaths directly linked with infections in paediatric cancer patients. Viruses from the herpes group (HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV) are particularly dangerous. They can cause not only asymptomatic and local infectious but also general diseases and can reactivate, especially after BMT. Hepatoropic viruses (HBV, HCV) often lead to breaks in chemotherapy, while chronic viral hepatitis can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and even primary hepatocellular carcinoma. CMV, RSV, adenovirus influenza and parainfluenza virus cause diffuse interstitial pneumonitis and are also associated with a high rate of mortality. In this paper, we present the most frequency viral infection in children with malignant diseases, their methods of diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[Viral infection in children with malignant diseases]. 1457 9

One-hundred thirty-seven BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with neurotropic avian influenza A virus (H5N3). Thirty-nine of these mice died within 16 days post-inoculation (PID) and 98 of the mice recovered from the infection. To investigate whether viral antigens and genomes persist in the central nervous system (CNS) of recovered mice, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods were performed. Histopathologically, mild interstitial pneumonia and non-suppurative encephalomyelitis restricted to the basal part of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum, brain stem and thoracic spinal cord were observed in BALB/c mice until 40 PID. Small amounts of viral antigens were detected in the brain and spinal cord and some viral RNA segments (NA, NP, M, PA, HA, NS, PB1) were intermittently detected in the CNS until 48 PID. Immunosuppression of these mice by dexamethazone (DEX) treatment did not increase the frequency of detection of the lesions, viral antigens or genomes. These findings suggest that viral genomes of neurovirulent influenza virus persist with restricted transcriptive activity in the CNS of the mice even after clinical recovery from the infection.
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PMID:Persistence of viral RNA segments in the central nervous system of mice after recovery from acute influenza A virus infection. 1465 95

Influenza A virus continues to cause annual epidemics. The emergence of avian viruses in the human population poses a pandemic threat, and has highlighted the need for more effective influenza vaccines and antivirals. Development of such therapeutics would be enhanced by the use of a small-animal model that is permissive for replication of human influenza virus, and for which reagents are available to dissect the host response. A model is presented of nasal and pulmonary infection in adult inbred cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) that does not require viral 'adaptation'. It was previously demonstrated that animals infected intranasally with 10(7) TCID50 of a recent H3N2 influenza, A/Wuhan/359/95, have increased breathing rates. In this report it is shown that this is accompanied by weight loss and decreased temperature. Virus replication peaked within 24 h in the lung, with peak titres proportional to the infecting dose, clearing by day 3. Replication was more permissive in nasal tissues, and persisted for 6 days. Pulmonary pathology included early bronchiolar epithelial cell damage, followed by extensive alveolar and interstitial pneumonia, which persisted for nearly 3 weeks. Interleukin 1 alpha (IL1alpha), alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IL6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), GROalpha and MIP-1beta mRNA were elevated soon after infection, and expression coincided with virus replication. A biphasic response was observed for RANTES, IFN-gamma, IL4, IL10 and IL12-p40, with increased mRNA levels early during virus replication followed by a later increase that coincided with pulmonary inflammation. These results indicate that cotton rats will be useful for further studies of influenza pathogenesis and immunity.
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PMID:The cotton rat provides a useful small-animal model for the study of influenza virus pathogenesis. 1618 38

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) was diagnosed in broiler breeders, submitted to the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service in South Korea. Grossly, the dead breeders had lesions consistent with HPAI, including pancreatic mottling, splenomegaly, pulmonary edema and congestion, and hemorrhages in the mucosa of the proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine, and on the serosal surface. Microscopically, there were necrotized hepatitis and pancreatitis, lymphocytic meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, and interstitial pneumonia. Influenza viral antigen was demonstrated in areas closely associated with histopathologic lesions. The AI virus was isolated from cecal tonsils, feces, trachea, and kidney of the chickens. The isolated virus was identified as the highly pathogenic H5N1, with a hemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site deduced amino acid sequences of QREKRKKR/GLFGAGLFGAIAG. In order to determine the pathogenicity of the isolate, eight 6-week-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated intravenously with the virus, and all the birds died within 24 hr after inoculation. This is the first report of an outbreak of HPAI in the chickens in South Korea.
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PMID:An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 in broiler breeders, Korea. 1632 36

KL-6 is a useful marker for interstitial pneumonia of various origins. However, the role of KL-6 in common pediatric respiratory infections is largely unknown. In order to determine whether the KL-6 level is elevated during respiratory infection, and whether KL-6 is a useful biomarker for the disease activity, we evaluated serum KL-6 levels in 132 children with various respiratory infections. KL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with measles, influenza, or respiratory syncytial virus infection than in the control subjects. On the other hand, KL-6 levels in patients with bacterial infections such as mycoplasma, chlamydia, or pertussis were comparable to the control values. In patients with viral infections, high KL-6 levels, as defined by the mean plus 2 standard deviations of the control group, significantly correlated with low SpO(2) or days of O(2) administration, but did not correlate with C-reactive protein or white blood cell counts. These results indicate that measurement of serum KL-6 levels is helpful for the management of common pediatric respiratory infections.
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PMID:The role of serum KL-6 measurement in common pediatric respiratory infections. 1650 85


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