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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The composition of chlorinated dibenzodioxins (CDD) and dibenzofurans (CDF) in terms of the degree of chlorination (tetra- to octachloro-) is displayed by principal components projection. Chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans with 4-6 chlorines are the main classes in samples of crabs and lobsters, CCD with 7 and 8 chlorines prevail in human samples. Chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans from incinerator ash are similar to those from human tissues. Those from gaseous incinerator emissions are enriched in less chlorinated classes and resemble residues isolated from conifer needles. Compositions of CDD and CDF in ambient air vary depending on both local and remote sources.
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PMID:Composition of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in various samples. 276 98

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM or CMH) is a myocardial disorder caused by mutations that affect the contractile machinery of heart muscle cells. Genetic testing of HCM patients is hampered by the fact that mutations in at least eight different genes contribute to the disease. An affordable high-throughput mutation detection method is as yet not available. Since a significant number of mutations have been repeatedly found in unrelated families, we consider it feasible to pre-screen patients for known mutations, before more laborious techniques capable of detecting new mutations are applied. Here we demonstrate that the principle of hybridization of DNA to oligonucleotide probes immobilized on chips (glass slides) can be applied for this purpose. We have developed a low-density oligonucleotide probe array capable of detecting 12 different heterozygous mutations (in four different genes), among them single- and double-base exchanges, a single nucleotide insertion, and a trinucleotide deletion. The assay is simple and may be amenable to automation. Detection is achieved with a CCD camera-based fluorescence biochip reader. The technique turned out to be robust: Variations in either the relative position of a mutation, or the amount and size of target-DNA were compatible with mutation detection. Mutations could even be detected in amplicons as long as 800 bp, allowing the screening of more than one exon in one amplicon. Our data suggest that the development of a chip that covers all or most of known HCM-associated mutations is feasible and useful.
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PMID:Low-density DNA microarrays are versatile tools to screen for known mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 1196 89

Continuous flow (CF) chemical hydride generation (CHG) and electrochemical hydride generation (ECHG) directly coupled to a novel 40W, atmospheric pressure, 2.45GHz microwave microstrip Ar plasma exiting a microstrip wafer has been developed for the emission spectrometric determination of As and Sb using a miniaturized optical fiber spectrometer and a CCD-array detector. The experimental conditions for both procedures were optimized with respect to the relative net intensities of the As I 228.8 nm and Sb I 252.8 nm lines and their signal-to-background intensity ratios. Additionally, the susceptibility to interferences from Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn and other hydride-forming elements in the determination of As and Sb using the CHG and ECHG techniques was investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, it was found that ECHG is more prone to interferences compared to CHG. The detection limits (3sigma) of As (6 ngmL(-1)) and Sb (7 ngmL(-1)) obtained for the ECHG-MSP-OES method are about three times lower than in the case of the CHG-MSP-OES method due to a two-fold lower amount of H2 introduced into the MSP in case of the ECHG, resulting in a better plasma stability and reduced background level. The linearity ranges for both calibration curves to a concentration of up to 5 microgmL(-1) and a precision between 2% and 7% (2 microgmL(-1) and 0.050 microgmL(-1) of As and Sb, respectively) were found for both methods. The developed ECHG-MSP-OES method was validated for As through the analysis of a certified coal fly ash standard reference material (NIST SRM 1633a) after sample dissolution. The derived concentration (140+/-8 microgg(-1)) was found to agree well with the certified data (145+/-15 microgg(-1)). The method was also successfully applied to the analysis of both a galvanic bath sample, which contained Sb and was spiked with As, and a tap water sample spiked with both analytes. Recovery rates of 99-101% and a Sb concentration of 6.6 microgmL(-1) in the galvanic bath sample were revealed. The latter value showed a good agreement with the data obtained from ICP-OES analysis, which was also used for validation purpose.
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PMID:Optimization and comparison of chemical and electrochemical hydride generation for optical emission spectrometric determination of arsenic and antimony using a novel miniaturized microwave induced argon plasma exiting the microstrip wafer. 1806 65

A laser induced breakdown spectroscopy-based apparatus for the analysis of element, employing a 532 nm laser and a multi-channel optical spectrometer with a non-intensified CCD array, has been built and tested. It was applied to analyze the carbon content of coal fly ash. Seven groups of pulse laser in the range of 35 to 98 mJ were used to ablate the fly ash samples. The electron densities and plasma temperatures with different laser energy were determined, and the influence of laser energy on the intensity of analysis carbon lines was also analyzed. The results show that carbon line intensity increases slowly with the increase in laser energy in the range of 35 to 46 mJ, and increases fast in the range of 46 to 78 mJ, then trends to saturation and has a little drop. At the same time, air breakdown has increased significantly, and has an obvious effect on sample plasma. Furthermore, the electron density and plasma temperature increase with the laser energy until 78 mJ and then begin to decrease. It indicates that a proper laser energy can enhance the plasma emission signal, and avoid the negative impact of air breakdown that prevent the pulse laser from reaching the surface of sample and ablating it. In this experiment situation, the measurement accuracy of the carbon line can be improved.
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PMID:[Impact of laser energy on measurement of fly ash carbon content]. 1983 99

This paper describes a prototype instrumentation system for photogrammetric measuring of bed and ash layers, as well as for flying particle detection and pursuit using a single device (CCD) web camera. The system was designed to obtain images of the combustion process in the interior of a domestic boiler. It includes a cooling system, needed because of the high temperatures in the combustion chamber of the boiler. The cooling system was designed using CFD simulations to ensure effectiveness. This method allows more complete and real-time monitoring of the combustion process taking place inside a boiler. The information gained from this system may facilitate the optimisation of boiler processes.
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PMID:A refrigerated web camera for photogrammetric video measurement inside biomass boilers and combustion analysis. 2231 49