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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty rabbit femurs were used to study the effect of CO2 laser on cortical bone. Sixteen femurs were treated with 20 watts, 3 mm defocused beam, 2 KHZ spike pulse mode CO2 laser for 10 seconds through a circular window in the metaphysis. In four control femurs, the inner cortex was exposed without laser treatment. The animals were killed at 4 and 6 weeks and the specimens studied histologically. All laser-treated specimens showed thermal changes. Three histological zones were observed. A superficial zone of inner cortex close to the beam consisted mainly of carbonization or carbon ash during resorption. An intermediate zone consisted of bone necrosis and healing with associated areas of new bone formation. The deep zone of outer cortex had normal bone with no cellular damage. No such changes were observed in the control specimens. The CO2 laser can be used to generate a controlled zone of tissue ablation, which may make it a potentially useful tool for tumor margin cauterization.
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PMID:Effects of rapid pulsed CO2 laser beam on cortical bone in vivo. 145 63

Fly ash was collected from two municipal refuse incinerators. It was analyzed for heavy metals, elements, and a wide range of toxic organics. It was resuspended in air for inhalation exposure of guinea pigs. These animals were exposed at high concentrations of each ash 6 h/d for 5 d, and tissues were taken 45 d after the exposure. Following the first exposure and after each daily exposure the ventilatory response of these animals upon challenge with CO2 was found to be depressed. Recovery occurred following exposure. Heavy metals, cadmium, lead, zinc, and mercury were elevated in the lungs of these animals. Histologic evaluation of pulmonary tissue revealed multifocal pneumoconiosis. Interstitial infiltration by macrophages and smooth muscle hypertrophy of blood vessels and bronchioles were also observed. There was no evidence of a dioxinlike toxic effect following inhalation of these ashes.
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PMID:Effects of inhaled municipal refuse incinerator fly ash in the guinea pig. 250 62

The oxygen (O2) consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) production, heat production (HP) and milk nutrient intake of 22 litters of suckling piglets were recorded every 4 days from the day after birth to weaning at 22 days of age. At weaning, 147 representative piglets of these litters were slaughtered to measure their chemical composition and to calculate the energy and nutrient balance of individual piglets and litters between birth and weaning. O2 consumption, CO2 production and HP were constant over the suckling period when expressed per kg of body weight0.68 (BW0.68); O2 consumption and HP averaged 34.4 liters and 168 kcal per kg of BW0.68 and per day, respectively. The respiratory quotient (RQ) (CO2/O2) was 0.84. Average daily gain between birth and weaning (ADG) ranged from 35 to 285 g (mean: 186 g). Dry matter, fat and energy contents of piglets at weaning were positively correlated with ADG while protein and ash contents were negatively correlated with ADG. The daily amounts of protein, fat, ash and energy deposited were linearly related to ADG, so that the chemical composition of additional gain was constant: 410, 141, 197 and 28 mg/g and 2,960 cal/g for dry matter, protein, fat, ash and energy, respectively. The deposition of 1 g of protein or fat was associated with 5.20 or 1.17 g of weight gain, respectively. Finally, 55% of the energy and 85% of the nitrogen supplied by milk were retained in piglet weight gain.
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PMID:Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets. 365 64

Laboratory investigations demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of utilizing CO2 laser energy for arthroscopic resection of the knee meniscus. Infrared light of 10.6 micron wavelength is sufficiently absorbed by fibrocartilage with byproducts of heat, water vapor, and a small residue of carbon ash. The remaining meniscus rim demonstrates viable chondrocytes in close proximity to the margin of resection, and gross collagen fiber architecture is preserved. The depth of penetration of the laser beam can be controlled by limiting the duration of exposure. Arthroscopic application of CO2 laser energy requires a gas medium. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen have proven to be satisfactory insufflation agents, with no lasting untoward effects noted in a clinical series of diagnostic arthroscopic procedures. The cost of laser generators and the lack of an ideal delivery system are limiting factors in clinical applications of this cutting mode for meniscectomy.
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PMID:Arthroscopic laser meniscectomy in a gas medium. 393 37

A CO2 laser attached to an operating room microscope was used to produce extraluminal and intraluminal ignition of various endotracheal tubes in dogs. Extraluminal ignition was produced in Silastic and red rubber endotracheal tubes. The red rubber tube ignited before the tube lumen was penetrated. The Silastic tube failed to ignite while the cuff was inflated. When the cuff was deflated, ignition occurred before the lumen was penetrated. No lung or bronchial injuries were detected in the red rubber or Silastic endotracheal tube extraluminal fires. Intraluminal fires were produced in Silastic, red rubber, and polyvinylchloride (PVC) endotracheal tubes. Microscopic examination of the bronchi and lungs revealed severe injuries in dogs intubated with the PVC and red rubber endotracheal tubes. No injuries to the bronchi and lungs were detected in the Silastic tube group, although the potentially toxic effects of silica ash require further investigation.
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PMID:Injuries to the bronchi and lungs caused by laser-ignited endotracheal tube fires. 644 81

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of addition of fat to sow diets on selected muscle and bone traits of the fetus. Crossbred dams were assigned to receive one of four dietary treatments at 80 d of gestation. Percentage added poultry fat in the diet was 0, 2.3, 12.7 or 29.6%. Isocaloric-isonitrogenous diets (7,000 kcal ME) were fed once daily. At 110 d of gestation, sows were anesthetized with fluothane and nitrous oxide. Fetuses were removed by Caesarean section. Fetal body weight, biceps femoris muscles and femur wet weights and blood (concentration of protein, free fatty acids and triacylglycerol), muscle (percentage dry matter, concentration of DNA, RNA, protein and lipid) and bone (percentage dry matter, lipid, ash and length) traits were not influenced by maternal dietary fat content. The rates of oxidation of palmitate and of lipid to CO2 and the rates of incorporation of palmitate into triacylglycerol and into phospholipid by fetal pig muscle also were not influenced by maternal dietary fat content. It was suggested that fetal skeletal muscle can mobilize glycogen and, to a limited extent, lipid stores.
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PMID:Effect of maternal diet on skeletal muscle composition and metabolism and on bone dimensions and composition of the fetal pig. 651 76

Most surgical applications of CO2 laser energy permit carbonized and devitalized tissue to slough and become exteriorized through some natural orifice. The use of laser energy in joints with no external communication, however, must rely on synovial response to clear the carbon ash residue. Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits underwent arthrotomy and subtotal laser meniscectomy with no effort to cleanse the carbon residue. The animals were sacrificed at regular intervals up to 8 weeks, and the menisci and synovium were harvested for microscopic inspection. The initial synovial response was characterized by hypertrophic changes with a moderate increase in cell population and subsynovial interstitial fluid. Particulate matter was invested by the synovium, and provoked an influx of acute inflammatory cells. By 6 weeks, only rare particles of carbonaceous material were found in the synovium and no particulate matter could be located by 8 weeks. Laser induced carbon ash residue appears relatively innocuous to the joint in vivo and is readily cleared by an adequate and short-lived synovial response.
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PMID:Synovial response to laser induced carbon ash residue. 654 97

Good evaluation variables are needed to study postweaning lag in early weaned pigs. In this study, performance, digestibility, concentration of blood components and aerobic fecal microflora under different dietary regimens from weaning at 3 wk of age to 35 d of age are reported. Treatment 1 (T1) consisted of a corn-soybean meal starter diet. Pigs in treatment 2 (T2) received a steamed, rolled oat groats-casein starter diet. Pigs in treatment 1 and 2 were weaned at 3 wk of age while those in treatment 3 remained with the sow. Treatment 1 pigs had lower average daily gains for the 2-wk trial as compared with T2 pigs (P less than .05). Three of the four animals consuming the corn-soybean meal diet were observed to have diarrhea during the experiment as compared with an occasional loose stool from the pigs fed oats-casein. There were no significant differences in digestibility of dry matter, crude protein or ether extract among pigs in T1 and T2. Digestibilities of ash and crude fiber were higher (P less than .05) in T1 pigs, while there was an increase (P less than .05) in digestibility of N-free extract by pigs in T2. Serum protein, Na, CO2 and blood hematocrit were not significantly different among treatments. Blood chloride was higher, whereas glucose was lower for pigs in T1 and T2 than T3 (P less than .05). Blood urea N was higher for pigs in T1 as compared with pigs in T2 or T3. Potassium was higher (P less than .05) for pigs in T1 as compared with those in T2 or T3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of diet on performance, digestibility, blood composition and intestinal microflora of weaned pigs. 674 37

The effects of pressure, temperature, residence time, and mass of skim milk on some characteristics of casein, prepared by precipitation with high pressure CO2, were examined in a batch reactor. For a 500-g milk sample, precipitation occurred at pressures > 2760 kPa and temperatures > 32 degrees C. Residence time was not significant and was held at 5 min. Yields were maximum at 2750 to 5520 kPa and at 38 to 49 degrees C for a 500-g milk sample. The resulting whey had a pH of 6.0. The casein product had an acceptable appearance and had greater solids, ash, and Ca contents than commercial acid caseins. Particle size distribution studies showed that the mean particle size was sensitive to precipitation pressure and temperature and was similar to that of acid caseins produced under laboratory conditions. The HPLC studies of the casein and whey fractions showed that precipitation by CO2 did not result in fractionation of casein or whey proteins to their component proteins.
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PMID:Preparation of casein using carbon dioxide. 778 8

The incendiary characteristics of the laryngeal and reinforced laryngeal mask airway to the CO2 laser have been compared with two polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes. Three different power densities (2.35, 4.7 and 9.8 x 10(3) watt/cm2) were used, with either oxygen or a 30% oxygen/70% nitrous oxide mixture flowing down the tube. The laryngeal mask airway (and reinforced model) was shown to be more resistant than the polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes. The laryngeal mask tube could not be ignited at a power density of 2.25 x 10(3) watt/cm2 after five minutes, although penetration occurred in 20-30 seconds. A layer of silica ash built up at the impact site and protected the underlying tube. The laryngeal mask airway cuff was penetrated at 3 to 5 seconds. At this power density the polyvinyl chloride tube ignited in 2 to 8 seconds and the cuff was penetrated in 0.1 seconds. At the highest power density the tubes of all airways ignited within 0.2 seconds. The possibilities for improving the incendiary characteristics of the laryngeal mask airway are discussed.
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PMID:The incendiary characteristics of the laryngeal and reinforced laryngeal mask airway to CO2 laser strike--a comparison with two polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes. 748 57


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