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 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The major photoproduct obtained on irradiation of gaseous NH3 and CO mixtures is ammonium cyanate; lesser amounts of urea, biurea, biuret semi-carbazide, formamide and cyanide were observed. The formation of the major gas phase photolysis product may be rationalized by the following reaction sequence: (see article). Urea is probably formed from NH4NCO in a thermal reaction while formamide may result from the disproportionation of NH2CO. Photocatalytic syntheses of 14C-urea, -formamide, and -formadehyde are effected by irradiation of 14CO and NH3 in the presence of Vycor, silica gel, or volcanic ash shale surfaces. These syntheses are catalyzed by ultraviolet wavelengths longer than those absorbed by the gaseous reactants. The syntheses are also effected when the surface material is first irradiated in the presence of CO followed by a dark incubation with NH3. Apparently, the initiating step is a light dependent formation of a reactive form of CO on the surface. A discussion is given on the possible contribution of these reactions to the abiotic synthesis of organic nitrogen compounds on Mars, on the primitive Earth and in interstellar space.
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PMID:Ultraviolet-gas phase and -photocatalytic synthesis from CO and NH3. 115 1

Ethanol-insoluble components were extracted from fresh garlic with 0.9% NaCl solution containing streptomycin and penicillin. This extract, containing approximately 10% sugar, 0.3% nitrogen, and 0.4% ash, was termed garlic sugar solution. This garlic sugar solution (Medium 1) was used as the suspending medium for Ehrlich ascites tumor cells attenuated with allicin, the main principle of garlic, and 0.9% NaCl solution containing streptomycin and penicillin (Medium 2) was also used as the suspending medium. Mice of DDD strain were immunized with the attenuated tumor cells suspended in Medium 1 or 2. After immunization, the immunized and control mice were challenged intraperitoneally with viable Ehrlich ascites tumorcells. Animals immunized with the attenuated tumor cells suspended in Medium 1 acquired significantly stronger resistance against the tumor cells than animals immunized with those suspended in Medium 2.
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PMID:Adjuvant action of garlic sugar solution in animals immunized with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells attenuated with allicin. 118 76

Three piglets of 22 kg were infected each with 10 larvae of Trichinella spiralis per g body weight. In the blood plasma the contents of several electrolytes were measured twice per week to day 45 post infection (p.i.). These electrolytes, water, dry matter, lipids, nitrogen and ash contents were assayed on samples of muscles of each animal after they were sacrificed on day 61 p.i. Three noninfected piglets served as controls. In blood plasma the contents of Na, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn and chloride decreased, K- and Fe-contents increased. This process started at earliest on day 7 p.i. Only the Na- and the Fe-contents returned partially to preinfection values up to the end of the investigation period. In the muscles the Ca-contents were increased strongly on day 61 p.i., the Cu- and Zn-contents not the the same extent. There was a decrease in Fe, P, K, Na and Mg contents. The water contents of the muscles increased from 0.53 to 4.9%. The portion of dry matter was reduced correspondingly. Lipids contents increased 2.0 and 127.9% and ash contents 1.7 to 4.4%. Nitrogen contents were reduced by 2.5 to 5.9%.
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PMID:[Mineral contents of the blood and chemical composition of the muscles of trichinella-infected piglets (author's transl)]. 125 43

Toxic effects of Omega Chrome Red ME, a popular textile dye, on the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola were studied. The growth of N. calcicola was found to be suppressed at 10 and 20 mg liter-1 initial concentrations of dye, whereas a low initial concentration of 5 mg liter-1 slightly favors growth. Removal of the dye was carried out by adsorption using some cheap and unconventional adsorbents like coal, fly ash, wollastonite, and china clay. It has been observed that, in all cases, the low adsorbate concentration, the low temperature, and an acidic medium favor the dye removal process. The process of uptake follows first-order adsorption rate expression and obeys Langmuir's model of adsorption. The removal process is also partially diffusion controlled. Thermodynamic and pH studies were run to explain the results.
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PMID:Toxic effects of omega chrome red ME and its treatment by adsorption. 128 May 81

The metabolizable energy of two diets differing in fat and fiber content was measured in balance experiments in 42 adult male subjects. Subjects received each diet for 10 wk in a crossover design. Average fiber consumption from mixed sources (cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables) while consuming the low fiber, high fat diet was 34 g/d and 64 g/d while consuming the high fiber, low fat diet. The percentages of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate were 16, 18.5 and 65.5, respectively in the high fiber, low fat diet and 14.5, 36 and 49.5, respectively, in the low fiber, high fat diet. Seven-day composite collections of food, urine and feces were made during the 10th wk of the study. The freeze-dried food and fecal samples were analyzed for total energy content and for protein, fat, moisture, ash and carbohydrate. Urine samples were analyzed for nitrogen and energy content. The digestibility of the energy-containing nutrients was significantly lower when subjects were consuming high fiber, low fat vs. low fiber, high fat diets (95.4 vs. 97.0, carbohydrate; 92.5 vs. 95.5, fat; 83.7 vs. 89.4, protein; and 91.4 vs. 94.3, energy.
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PMID:The metabolizable energy of diets differing in dietary fat and fiber measured in humans. 131 Jan 10

1. Digestibilities of feed and turnover time (1/k), transit time (TT) and mean retention time (MRT: 1/k+TT) of fluid and particle markers were measured in maras (Dolichotis patagonum) and guinea-pigs (Cavia procellus) fed a diet containing 50% alfalfa. 2. The digestibility of fibre was similar in both animals, however, the digestibilities of crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) and crude ash were lower in the mara than in the guinea-pig. 3. 1/k of the digesta markers were similar in both animals, suggesting that the two animals possess similar dilution and retention time of digesta in their caecum and proximal colon.
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PMID:Digesta retention and fibre digestion in maras (Dolichotis patagonum) and guinea-pigs. 135 63

Two germplasms of the tribal pulse, Mucuna monosperma Dc. ex Wight, viz., Thirunelly Reserve Forest, Wynaad District (Kerala) and Siruvani Reserve Forest, Coimbatore District (Tamilnadu), were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) seed proteins, seed protein fractionation, amino acid composition, fatty acids, minerals and anti-nutritional factors. Crude proteins, crude lipids, ash and nitrogen free extractives constituted 23.10%, 4.36%, 3.80%, 61.74%, respectively, in Tamilnadu germplasm; whereas, in Kerala germplasm they constituted 20.13%, 8.99%, 3.60% and 61.69%, respectively. The calorific values of 100 g dry matter of seed material are 408.19 KCal (Kerala) and 378.60 KCal (Tamilnadu) germplasms. Essential amino acids like methionine, cystine, threonine and valine were found to be limiting in the seed proteins of both the germplasms. The fatty acids like lauric acid and palmitic acid are found to be common in both the germplasm seed samples, while linoleic and oleic acids in Kerala germplasm and stearic acid in Tamilnadu germplasm are present. The Tamilnadu germplasm seems to be a rich source of sodium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper and iron; whereas the Kerala germplasm seems to be a rich source of phosphorus. Antinutritional substances like total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA, trypsin inhibitor activity and phytohaemagglutinating activity also were investigated.
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PMID:The biochemical composition and nutritional potential of the tribal pulse, Mucuna monosperma DC. ex Wight. 154 54

To verify the effect on the milk yield, 5 Sardinian ewes at 45 days from lambing were given two subcutaneous administrations, in a sustained-release vehicle, of recombinant bST in the dose of 3 mg/Kg of live weight, at 28 day intervals. Other 5 ewes of the same age, weight, distance from lambing and milk yield, were kept untreated. The observations lasted 56 days. The individual milk yield was recorded daily while both the milk (dry matter, ash, fat and protein) and some blood parameters (glucose, triglycerides, albumin, total protein, urea nitrogen, phospholipids, total and HDL cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) were checked weekly for each subject, by standard analytical methodology. The rbST significantly influenced the milk yield (+9.75% for the treated group) as already found in cows. The milk composition and the checked blood parameters were unaffected by the treatment.
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PMID:[Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin on the secretion and composition of milk in Sardinian ewes]. 182 Nov 36

A protein concentrate was obtained from chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) flour aqueous extract. The factor involved in the recovery of protein were the flour: water ratio, and the pH. The best aqueous extract was subjected to infiltration in a Romicon HF1/2SSS unit equipped with hollow fiber membranes cartridges with a nominal molecular-weight cut-off point of 50,000 daltons. The concentrate was spray-dried and the product obtained had the following composition, expressed in g/100 g: 67.8 protein with 4.9 g/16 g N of reactive lysine; 17.3 fat, 10.0 carbohydrates, and 4.9 ash (dry basis). The nitrogen solubility index was 93 and the color, by Hunter, was L = 86.8.
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PMID:[Obtention of a protein concentrate of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) by ultrafiltration]. 184 40

The composition of carcass and noncarcass tissue growth was quantified by serial slaughter of 26 Angus x Hereford crossbred steers (initial age and weight 289 +/- 4 d and 245 +/- 4 kg) during continuous growth (CON) or compensatory growth (CG) after a period of growth restriction (.4 kg/d) from 245 to 325 kg BW. All steers were fed a 70% concentrate diet at ad libitum or restricted levels. Homogenized samples of 9-10-11th rib and noncarcass tissues were analyzed for nitrogen, fat, ash, and moisture. Growth rate from 325 to 500 kg BW was 1.54 and 1.16 kg/d for CG and CON steers. The weight of gut fill in CG steers was 10.8 kg less (P less than .05) before realimentation and 8.8 kg more (P less than .10) at 500 kg BW than in CON steers. The allometric accretive rates for carcass chemical components relative to the empty body were not affected by treatment. However, the accretive rates for CG steers were greater (P less than .01) for noncarcass protein (.821 vs .265), noncarcass water (.861 vs .507), and empty-body protein (.835 vs. .601) than for CON steers. Final empty-body fat was lower (P less than .001; 24.2 vs 32.4%) and empty-body protein higher (P less than .001; 16.6 vs 14.8%) in CG steers than in CON steers. Consequently, net energy requirements for growth (NEg) were approximately 18% lower for CG steers. We conclude that reduced NEg requirements and changes in gut fill accounted for most of the compensatory growth response exhibited in these steers.
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PMID:Physical and chemical components of the empty body during compensatory growth in beef steers. 189 61


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