Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This experiment was performed to clarify whether mineralization of incisor dentin depends upon plasma calcium (Ca) levels. Male Wistar rats (7 weeks old) were parathyroidectomized (PTXed) and given vitamin D-deficient diets containing various amounts (0.3-2%) of Ca for 2 weeks in order to maintain the plasma Ca at various levels and to examine their relationship with the mineralization of incisor dentin. Plasma Ca levels, which were lowered to about 6 mg/dl by PTX, ranged from 5.1 to 10.1 mg/dl after feeding on diets containing various amounts of Ca; the plasma Ca level in the group given 2% Ca reached the same level as that in the sham-operated group. On the other hand, plasma phosphorus (P) levels, which were increased by PTX, reduced markedly with increases in dietary Ca, leading to hypophosphatemia in the group given 2.0% Ca. In this series of experiments, the plasma Ca levels in PTXed rats seemed to be kept constant by the dietary Ca without any involvement of hormones regulating the Ca metabolism because a high correlation was found between the plasma Ca and the dietary Ca (r = 0.987). Both dry and ash weights of the upper incisor also increased with the plasma Ca levels, but with the plasma P levels it was just the opposite. The content of ash in the incisor also increased with the plasma Ca levels. Transverse sections of the lower incisors stained with hematoxylin showed a zone of remineralization of the dentin on the lingual aspect in rats with plasma Ca levels of about 6.5-7.0 mg/dl; the width of the zone was greater in groups of rats with higher plasma Ca levels. Appositional rates of dentin (y, micron/3 days) as determined by a time marking method showed a high positive correlation with the plasma Ca levels (x, mg/dl). The regression equations were as follows: y = 4.8 + 5.7x (r = 0.915, p less than 0.001) on the lingual aspect and y = 6.0 + 5.8x (r = 0.959, p less than 0.001) on the labial aspect. There were a high positive correlation and a negative correlation between appositional rates of dentin and plasma Ca: P ratios (r = 0.928) and between appositional rates of dentin and plasma P levels (r = -0.927) or the products of plasma Ca x P (r = -0.834). These results suggest that the mineralization of incisor dentin depends upon the plasma Ca levels in PTXed rats.
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PMID:[Dependence of incisor dentin mineralization on plasma calcium levels in parathyroidectomized rats]. 213 6

Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were parathyroidectomized (PTX) and given daily subcutaneous injections of different doses (0, 25, 50 or 100 ng/kg) of 1,25 (OH)2D3 for 13 days. Changes in plasma calcium and phosphorus levels were monitored at 3 day intervals. An appositional rate of dentin was estimated by a time marking method; that is, the distance of two lead lines deposited in a transverse section of the incisor dentin on the 9th and 12th days of the experimental period was measured. The plasma calcium levels that had been lowered by PTX were elevated dose-dependently following injections of the drug, but the plasma phosphorus levels that had been elevated by PTX were lowered. The body weight was not affected by the administration of the drug. However, the values for the dry weight and ash weight, and the calcium and phosphorus contents of the upper incisors increased dose-dependently. The mineralization of the dentin, that had been suppressed by PTX, also recovered dose-dependently. Apposition rates of the dentin in groups of rats given various doses of the drug (25, 50 and 100 ng/kg/day) averaged 46, 61 and 69 microns/3 days respectively. There was a significant correlation between the apposition rate of the dentin and the plasma calcium level. The correlation coefficients were estimated to be 0.956 (y = 17.2 + 4.6 chi, p less than 0.001) on the lingual aspect and 0.941 (y = 11.4 + 5.3 chi, p less than 0.001) on the labial aspect. However, the values for the mineralization of incisor dentin were inversely proportional to the plasma phosphorus levels. These results indicate that the stimulating effect of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on the mineralization of the dentin in PTX rats is primarily dependent upon the increase in plasma calcium levels by the hormone. The direct effect of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on the mineralization of dentin could not be demonstrated in this experiment.
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PMID:[Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mineralization of incisor dentin in parathyroidectomized rats]. 213 7

The prevalence and degree of mitral annular calcification (MAC) in elderly cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASHCM) were studied in comparison with healthy elderly and chronic hypertensive elderly with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (HT + LVH) by echocardiography. In seven elderly patients with ASHCM (mean age 77.3 +/- 8.1 years) severe MAC was observed in all cases (1 male and 6 females) and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) was present in 3 cases, incomplete in 2 and absent in 2 cases. Of 57 healthy elderly with a mean age of 78.8 +/- 8.8 years, 8 subjects (1 male and 7 females, 14%) showed MAC. The prevalence of MAC was 0% in the sixties, 14% in the seventies, 16% in the eighties and 29% in the nineties. MAC was severe in four subjects above eighty years old. In 3 cases with HT + LVH with a mean age of 72.3 +/- 4.7 years no MAC was observed and SAM was present in one, partially observed in one and absent in one case, respectively. Serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), reported to be related with the formation of MAC, and fasting blood sugar level (FBS) were evaluated. In healthy elderly with MAC, serum Ca was 8.78 +/- 0.46 mg/dl, P 3.55 +/- 0.37 mg/dl and FBS 97.75 +/- 29.01 mg/dl, P 3.55 +/- 0.37 mg/dl and FBS 97.75 +/- 29.01 mg/dl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Echocardiographic assessment of mitral annular calcification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with asymmetric septal hypertrophy and healthy elderly cases]. 215 Apr 21

Sheep were used to study factors previously found to promote silica urolithiasis in a rat model. In addition to high silica, these dietary factors included elevated calcium, a high calcium to phosphorus ratio and alkali-forming effects. Wether lambs had ad libitum access to a diet of 50% of grass hay and 50% ground oats plus supplement. Diet analysis was 3.4% total SiO2, .29% calcium, .25% phosphorus, 11.3% CP and 28% ADF. Treatments (40 lambs/treatment) consisted of a control (C), limestone to increase dietary calcium to .6% (L), L + 1% sodium bicarbonate (LS) and L + 1% ammonium chloride (LA). After a 91-d experimental period followed by a 56-d postexperimental finishing period, silica kidney deposits were found in all treatments, and SiO2 made up 74% to 97% of the urolithic ash. Kidney urolith incidences in the four treatments were C, 7/40; L, 12/40; LS, 20/40; and LA, 9/40. A higher urolith incidence in LS (LS vs C, P less than .05) and a trend toward a higher incidence in L (L vs C, P less than .2), accompanied by elevated urine pH (L = LS greater than C greater than LA, P less than .01), lend support to the concept that high-silica diets having high calcium to phosphorus ratios and alkali-forming potentials contribute to silica urolithiasis.
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PMID:High dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio and alkali-forming potential as factors promoting silica urolithiasis in sheep. 215 99

An experiment was conducted with 5- to 18-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks to evaluate the interaction of sodium zeolite A (NZA) and monensin in uninfected and in coccidiosis-infected chicks. Sodium zeolite A (0 and .75%) or monensin (0 and 121 ppm), or both, were fed to uninfected chicks or to chicks infected with 4 x 10(5) sporulated, Eimeria acervulina oocysts, resulting in a 2-by-2-by-2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Coccidial infection reduced (P less than .01) weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, percentage of bone ash and of bone calcium; but the infection increased (P less than .05) bone Zn percentage. Monensin alleviated (or at least partially so) the adverse effects of the coccidial infection on weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and percentage of bone ash (coccidiosis by monensin, P less than .01). In addition, monensin increased the bone-calcium (P less than .06) and zinc content (P less than .02) in uninfected chicks and in those infected with coccidiosis. Sodium zeolite A tended to reduce feed intake by coccidiosis-infected chicks (coccidiosis by NZA, P less than .07), but increased (P less than .01) the bone zinc and decreased (P less than .01) serum inorganic phosphorus in uninfected chicks and in those infected with coccidiosis.
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PMID:Interactive effects of sodium zeolite A (Ethacal) and monensin in uninfected and Eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. 215 50

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of hydrated Na Ca aluminosilicate (HSCAS) on P utilization of young broiler chicks. Phosphorus-deficient corn-soybean meal diets containing .36% (.134% available) P and 1% Ca were fortified with 0, .05 and .10% P provided as KH2PO4 (22.8% P) or feed-grade dicalcium phosphate (18.9% P). Diets were available ad libitum to chicks receiving 0, .50 or 1.0% HSCAS during the period 8 to 22 d posthatching. Weight of tibia ash, percentage of tibia ash and bone-breaking force were regressed on supplemental P intake to assess P utilization in the absence or presence of HSCAS. Tibia parameters (ash weight, percentage of ash and bone-breaking force) responded linearly (P less than .01) to P supplementation. Regardless of P source (KH2PO4 or dicalcium phosphate), .5% or 1.0% HSCAS had no effect (P greater than .1) on P utilization. With no supplemental P, tibia parameters also were not affected (P greater than .05) by HSCAS. Phosphorus utilization from dicalcium phosphate was estimated to be 87% as efficient as that observed for KH2PO4. The results suggest that dietary HSCAS does not impair utilization of either phytate or inorganic P.
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PMID:Phosphorus utilization in chicks fed hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. 216 33

Studies were conducted to evaluate several cholecalciferol (D3 metabolites: 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3], 1,24R,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24R,25-(OH)3D3], 1 alpha-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3), 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24R,25-(OH)2D3], 1,25-dihydroxy-26,27 hexadeuterium cholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2-26,27[2H]6D3) and 1,25-dihydroxy-24R-fluorocholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2-24R-FD3] for their activity in preventing the development of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers. The basal diet used is low in calcium, high in phosphorus and chlorine and is known to promote a high incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. The chicks received ultraviolet radiation from fluorescent lights in addition to 1100 ICU/kg (27.5 micrograms/kg) of D3 in the basal diet. Supplementation of the diet with 10 micrograms/kg of all the metabolites except 24R,25-(OH)2D3 significantly lowered the incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia and increased bone ash when compared to birds receiving the basal diet. None of the active D3 metabolites was effective when fed at 0.1 or 1.0 micrograms/kg of diet. Two active compounds tested [1,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,24R,25-(OH)3D3] at 5 micrograms/kg of diet were effective in reducing either the incidence or severity of tibial dyschondroplasia.
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PMID:Efficacy of several vitamin D compounds in the prevention of tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens. 216 44

Seed Protein Concentrates (SPC) of 6 species of Crotalaria were extracted and the extractabilities of SPC, total N and protein N determined. SPC of high yielding species (C. Juncea) was analyzed for the contents of amino acids, ash, phosphorus, sugar, starch, fibre and calories, as well as for in vitro digestibility. Results indicate the promising potential of C. juncea for SPC yield.
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PMID:Seed protein yield from some Crotalaria spp and in vitro nutritional quality of that from C. juncea. 221 85

Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2 were administered in a low concentration (100 ppb of each aflatoxin (AN] in a mash offered to Baladi rabbits. An other group of rabbits were fed on the same contaminated mash in addition to 0.25% charcoal (CC). The two groups were compared to control animals fed on AN-free mash. Inclusion of AN in the diet decreased feed and water consumption, body weight and survival rate. Charcoal improved somewhat feed and water consumption and growth rate than AN-group. However, CC-group affected digestibility of organic matter more than AN-group. Relative weights of liver, kidneys, heart and adrenal glands were significantly higher in AN and CC groups than the control group. Blood haemoglobin content, packed cell volume percentage and sedimentation rate were lower in AN group. Although there were an increase in each of serum, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, phospholipids and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in AN group, yet the serum nitrogen and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase were reduced. Charcoal had alleviated AN-effects concerning N, GPT and phospholipids. Chemical analysis revealed elevation of water, ash and silica contents of liver and water content of muscles from AN-animals. On the other hand, fat content, GOT and vitamin A in the liver as well as muscles ash were reduced. Addition of CC to the diet reduced AN-effects on liver fat, ash and silica but resulted in a rise of the water content of liver and muscles and liver GPT activity. Charcoal also resulted in a sharp decrease in vitamin A content of the liver. Aflatoxin treatments (in AN and CC groups) reduced bone ash, silica and magnesium as well as bone volume. Charcoal administration increased Ca-content of bones. Aflatoxin feeding (in AN group) resulted in a high residual percentage of AN in muscles, serum, liver, heart and kidneys with relationships of 51 :24 : 3 :2 : 1, respectively. Only 1.42% of the fed AN was excreted in the faeces. Charcoal usage had a good effect as it prevented AN to accumulate in the organs. Aflatoxin contaminated diets (in AN and CC groups) resulted in paralysis, disorder of fat deposition, discolouration and haemorrhages of some organs. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed no ill effect on the surface structure of the small intestine due to either AN or AN + CC. Pathological examination showed that the main affected organs were liver, heart and spleen, respectively. The changes include hepatic round cell infiltration, irregularities of lobular plats, focal necrosis and periportal fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of low level of dietary aflatoxins on baladi rabbits. 224 71

1. The effects of different dietary concentrations of calcium (Ca), available phosphorus (AP) and vitamin D (D) on 5- to 16-day growth performance, and aspects of calcium and phosphorus (P) metabolism of chickens from three commercial strains were studied in two experiments. 2. Increasing dietary Ca reduced weight gain, tibia Ca and P content and increased plasma total Ca, Ca consumption and excretion, whilst dietary Ca at 32 g/kg increased tibia Ca:P ratio, plasma ionized calcium and reduced plasma P, tibia ash, P excretion, excreta moisture and Ca retention. 3. Increasing dietary AP reduced plasma total and ionized Ca and excreta moisture and increased P consumption and excretion, plasma P and tibia ash. 4. The addition of vitamin D increased plasma total and ionized Ca, tibia Ca:P ratio and reduced plasma sodium and P concentrations. 5. Strains differed in their tibia contents of Ca and Ca:P ratios, in response to Ca, AP and vitamin D diets whilst they differed in Ca excretion and excreta moisture caused by feeding either dietary Ca or AP. 6. It was concluded that dietary Ca, AP, vitamin D and strain of broiler chickens influenced the metabolism of Ca and P and that, as a consequence, the tolerance to high dietary Ca. A lean strain of chickens tolerated high dietary calcium better than its fat counterparts.
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PMID:Effects of dietary calcium, available phosphorus and vitamin D on growth rate, food utilisation, plasma and bone constituents and calcium and phosphorus retention of commercial broiler strains. 224 53


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