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 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In antrectomized (B-I) and control rats, bone mineralization, the fractional intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, the balances of these minerals, their serum concentration and renal excretion, together with serum gastrin, calciotropic hormones (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), and osteocalcin were assessed four months after surgery. B-I evoked hypogastrinemia, but no changes in the serum concentrations of minerals and calciotropic hormones, or urinary cyclic AMP. The major significant changes brought about by B-I were: (1) a decrease in bone dry weight, specific density, bone ash calcium and magnesium content; (2) a decrease in the fractional absorption and urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium; (3) an increase in urinary hydroxyproline and serum osteocalcin in the presence of normal serum bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. It is concluded that in the rat (1) B-I over the long term decreases both bone mineral content and calcium and magnesium absorption, in the absence of any counterregulation; (2) B-I rats may have attained a new equilibrium which is characterized by decreased absorption and urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium, but maintenance of normocalcemia at the expense of bone; (3) the concomitant changes of serum bone markers are contradictory, which makes their interpretation and use in the present context difficult.
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PMID:Disturbances of mineral and bone metabolism following gastric antrectomy in the rat. 133 20

Thirty six female rabbits half of which at four months of age while the other half aged eight months. Each group of age was divided into three subgroups of an equal number and received 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm zearalenone (F-2) in the feed of young animals and 0.0, 1.0 and 4.0 ppm in the feed of the old one for 18 days. The data showed that zearalenone administration to young rabbit diets elevated body weight gain, feed intake, water consumption, digestibility and digesta contents of dry matter and ash. Haemoglobin percent, packed cell volume, and serum calcium, phosphorus and vitamin C were also increased in response to dietary F-2. Liver dry matter, ether extract and ash contents as well as bone density, ash and silica contents were considerably elevated in the young treated animals. The opposite trend however, was seen for all studied parameters of old rabbits fed on diets supplemented with F-2. On the other hand, zearalenone application caused a noticeable histopathological changes in liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, adrenal glands, spleen and uterus. Thus, and in spite of its improving the performance of young rabbits, it would not be recommended to use F-2 as anabolic agent in rabbits diet.
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PMID:Influence of zearalenone on some metabolic, physiological and pathological aspects of female rabbits at two different ages. 133 83

The relation between bone mineralization and osteocalcin content was investigated in iliac crest cortical bone obtained at necropsy in young females and in two groups of elderly women with and without osteoarthritis of the hands evaluated by X-ray. Using density fractionation technique, the bone was separated into fractions of increasing density from 1.72 to 2.30 g/ml. The mineralization profile revealed a significant shift to higher densities in the osteoarthritis cases compared with young adults (P less than 0.005) and age-sex-matched controls (P less than 0.001). The ash, calcium, and phosphorus content of the bone increased with increasing density of the fractions whereas collagen content, measured as hydroxyproline, decreased. The osteocalcin concentration of each fraction was determined in the supernatants obtained after EDTA-extraction in the presence of protease inhibitors. In the young control and osteoarthritis group, the osteocalcin content in the lowest density fractions was higher compared with the older non-osteoarthritic group. Osteocalcin content of the high density fractions, representing highly mineralized osteons, was the same in the three groups studied. These findings support the hypothesis that quality differences in bone may explain the inverse relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.
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PMID:Alterations of the mineralization profile and osteocalcin concentrations in osteoarthritic cortical iliac crest bone. 142 71

The objective of this study was to prepare shelf-stable electrolyte beverages from milk permeate. The average composition of permeate was 4.59% total solids and .40% ash. Lactose was hydrolyzed (approximately 80%) with a commercial fungal lactase enzyme. Additional sweetness was provided by sucrose. The pH was reduced to 3.5 to 3.8 by the addition of citric acid. Shelf-stable products were made using four processes: 1) UHT followed by aseptic filling, 2) heating of filled bottles to 85 degrees C for 30 min, 3) addition of .05% benzoate, and 4) nanopore filtration. The mineral composition of the finished product, expressed in parts per million, was calcium, 150; phosphorus, 157; magnesium, 43; potassium, 1166; sodium, 286; iron, 17; copper, 8; and zinc, 3.4. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae grew well when they were inoculated into unacidified, hydrolyzed permeate. None of these organisms were isolated from properly processed products. A shelf-stable electrolyte beverage high in minerals was made from whole milk permeate. This beverage could be used to replace electrolytes lost from the human body. The production of a permeate beverage would help alleviate disposal problems of permeate.
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PMID:Production of an electrolyte beverage from milk permeate. 145 42

Relative biological values (BV) of 36 feed phosphates were determined with female turkeys in bioassays of 21-day duration using three response criteria: weight gain, tibia ash percentage, and gain:feed ratio. Calcium phosphate, dibasic dihydrate (United States Pharmacopeia) was the reference standard. Nine mono-dicalcium phosphates (M-DCP, 21.0% phosphorus), 13 di-monocalcium phosphates (D-MCP, 18.5% phosphorus), and 14 defluorinated phosphates (DFP, 18.0% phosphorus) were evaluated. The average relative BV for M-DCP, D-MCP, and DFP samples were 97.6, 94.6, and 90.8%, respectively. Solubility of phosphates was determined by four recognized methods. The solvents were water, .4% HCl, 2.0% citric acid (CA), and neutral ammonium citrate (NAC). Water solubility of M-DCP samples was greater (67.5%) than that of D-MCP (38.8%) and DFP (8.9%) samples. Correlation of water solubility of phosphates to their relative BV was quite low, and water solubility was a poor indicator of BV. When .4% HCl was the solvent, correlation coefficients (r) were .55, .33, and .72 for M-DCP, D-MCP, and DFP, respectively. Based on these results and prediction equations, .4% HCl solubility would be inappropriate for estimating BV of M-DCP and D-MCP samples. Solubility of feed phosphates (mainly D-MCP and DFP) in 2.0% CA or NAC was positively correlated with BV; the r values were .87 to .95. Both of these solubility tests provided a good index of BV. However, it would seem inappropriate and risky to replace bioassays totally with these tests. Feed phosphate users could perform either the 2.0% CA or NAC solubility test easily as a screen for BV along with other quality control procedures (i.e., phosphorus, calcium, sodium, and fluoride determinations).
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PMID:Correlation of biological value of feed phosphates with their solubility in water, dilute hydrogen chloride, dilute citric acid, and neutral ammonium citrate. 147 May 90

The effect of feeding differently processed soya bean on serum constituents and bone mineralization in the chicken was investigated in growing chickens. The response parameters were total serum protein (TSP), albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio and urea. Others were phosphorus, calcium and calcium:phosphorus ratio in the tibia and femur. The results indicated that TSP was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the heat processed soya bean diets but decreased in the chicks fed raw soya bean diet. Albumin and globulin were not significantly affected. However, albumin:globulin ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced. Serum urea was generally higher (P < 0.05) in the chicks fed processed soya bean diets. Significant (P < 0.01) decrease was observed in the total ash [%] of the bones in the chickens fed raw soya bean diet. The phosphorus [%] and Ca:P ratio in both tibia and femur were not significantly affected by dietary treatments.
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PMID:Feeding differently processed soya bean. Part 3. Effect on serum constituents and bone mineralization in the chicken. 148 Feb 14

Experiments were conducted to determine the MEn of eight meat and bone meal (MBM) samples. Samples averaged (DM basis): 6.01% moisture, 4.25 kcal gross energy (GE)/g, 53.3% CP, 14.5% ether extract (EE), 29.6% ash, 9.2% calcium, and 4.3% phosphorus. Samples of MBM were substituted in a corn basal diet at levels of 6, 12, 18, and 24%. Values of AMEn were determined at each level of substitution and with regression analysis, because, in general, there were no significant deviations from linearity between dietary AMEn and inclusion level. When considering all the samples studied, the average AMEn values determined with substitution at the 6, 12, 18, and 24% levels of inclusion were 2.91, 2.76, 2.67, and 2.75 kcal/g, respectively, the differences not reaching significance (P greater than .05). The TMEn values were determined by Sibbald's fasted cockerel method. Average values of MBM ME were similar whether determined by calculations based on substitution in the diet or by regression of the data (2.75 and 2.69 kcal/g, respectively). These values were similar to TMEn obtained using Sibbald's method (2.74 kcal/g). Most of the differences in MEn among the samples studied could be attributed to differences in GE, although the percentage of GE metabolized [(ME divided by GE) x 100] tended to increase (R2 = .45; P = .069) when EE content in MBM increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Metabolizable energy of meat and bone meal from Spanish rendering plants as influenced by level of substitution and method of determination. 154 42

Two germplasms of the tribal pulse, Mucuna monosperma Dc. ex Wight, viz., Thirunelly Reserve Forest, Wynaad District (Kerala) and Siruvani Reserve Forest, Coimbatore District (Tamilnadu), were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) seed proteins, seed protein fractionation, amino acid composition, fatty acids, minerals and anti-nutritional factors. Crude proteins, crude lipids, ash and nitrogen free extractives constituted 23.10%, 4.36%, 3.80%, 61.74%, respectively, in Tamilnadu germplasm; whereas, in Kerala germplasm they constituted 20.13%, 8.99%, 3.60% and 61.69%, respectively. The calorific values of 100 g dry matter of seed material are 408.19 KCal (Kerala) and 378.60 KCal (Tamilnadu) germplasms. Essential amino acids like methionine, cystine, threonine and valine were found to be limiting in the seed proteins of both the germplasms. The fatty acids like lauric acid and palmitic acid are found to be common in both the germplasm seed samples, while linoleic and oleic acids in Kerala germplasm and stearic acid in Tamilnadu germplasm are present. The Tamilnadu germplasm seems to be a rich source of sodium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper and iron; whereas the Kerala germplasm seems to be a rich source of phosphorus. Antinutritional substances like total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA, trypsin inhibitor activity and phytohaemagglutinating activity also were investigated.
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PMID:The biochemical composition and nutritional potential of the tribal pulse, Mucuna monosperma DC. ex Wight. 154 54

The effects of both isograft transplantation and immobilization by sciatic and femoral neurotomy on bone changes in the tibia were studied in adult rats. The effects of the administration of (Asu1,7)-eel calcitonin on bone changes in the tibia induced by the same procedures were also examined. Bone volume, dry weight, ash weight, calcium weight, and strength were measured. Bone density of the tibia in the isograft transplantation group was less than that of the immobilization group, indicating that the osteoporosis induced by sciatic and femoral neurotomy and isograft transplantation differed. (Asu1,7)-eel calcitonin increased tibia bone density, ash per volume, calcium per volume, and phosphorus per volume, when subjected to isograft transplantation but not in sciatic neurotomy. Bone atrophy induced by immobilization through sciatic and femoral neurotomy and that induced by isograft transplantation were thus shown to differ.
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PMID:The effect of calcitonin on osteoporosis of the rat hind limb induced by denervation and isograft transplantation. 158 15

There is a strong relationship between mechanical stress and calcification in biological prosthetic heart valves. A dynamic in vitro calcification test has been used to study the relationship between stress distributions in the leaflets of bovine pericardial valves and the deposition of calcium over the leaflet surfaces. Intuitive stress regions have been defined over the leaflet surfaces. Calcium uptake by the leaflets has been assayed directly by ashing of leaflet material and analysis of the ash by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Calcium and phosphorus distribution over the leaflet surface has been analyzed using energy-dispersive x-ray analysis by scanning electron microscope and data points assigned to the appropriate stress region. The uptake of calcium is assessed by comparing stress regions, surfaces, and the degree of calcification of the valve. Differences between stress regions and surfaces are significant. Uptake of calcium in these valves appears to be strongly related to the degree and type of stress present in the valve leaflets.
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PMID:Calcification and stress distribution in bovine pericardial heart valves. 160 76


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