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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hen's non-hatched eggs were processed by boiling for 30 minutes, milling in a meat grinder, and drying at 60 degrees C with continuous ventilation. The product contained 36% of protein, 27% of ether extract, 17% of ash, 10% of calcium, and 0.6% of phosphorus. The quality of the protein was comparable to that of a reference casein and of fresh egg meal, as determined by protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization.
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PMID:Hatchery waste: nutritional evaluation of non-hatched eggs. 75 85

Lizards, especially iguanids and varanids, frequently develop nutritional osteodystrophy in captivity, but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Green iguanas fed an experimental diet low in calcium (0.2%) and adequate in phosphorus (1.1%) developed severe osteoporosis characterized by flattened inactive osteoblasts, marked resorption of endosteal bone by large multinucleated osteoclasts, and pronounced resorption of cortical bone by osteocytic osteolysis. Iguanas fed an experimental diet low in both calcium (0.1%) and phosphorus (0.2%) developed osteoporosis with osteomalacia characterized by large active osteoblasts overlying wide osteoid seams, marked osteoclastic resorption of endosteal bone, and large osteocytic lacunae which had a prominent layer of osteoid. Osteocytes in iguanas fed the low calcium diets were small in relation to the size of their lacuanae and contained abundant microtubules, microfilaments and mitochondria but a paucity of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Mean ash content of tibias from iguanas fed the low calcium diets was lower, particularly in iguanas that developed severe oseomalacia, than in iguanas fed the control diet (2.7% calcium, 1.1% phosphorus). The ultrastructural evidence suggesting active bone formation, osteoclastic resorption, and osteocytic osteolysis seen in control iguanas was consistent with that of a young growing animal. The results of this investigation demonstrated that experimental iguanas fed diets low in calcium developed hypocalcemia and compensatory hyperparathyroidism resulting in progressive osteoporosis due to osteoclastic and osteocytic osteolysis.
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PMID:Fine structural changes of bone cells in experimental nutritional osteodystrophy of green iguanas. 81 99

Electrostatically precipitated respirable dusts from six major U.S. varieties and growing areas were analyzed. From 81-95% by weight, was under 15 micronm diameter. Composition was affected more by growing location than by variety. Dusts contained 16-28% ash, 8-9% moisture, and 62-76% organic matter, including 16-31% protein and 2-12% cellulose. Inorganic composition reflected soil type and minerals. Major elements were silicon, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and aluminum. Infrared spectra of dusts resembled proteins, but water extract spectra did not. Possible implications concerning byssinosis are discussed.
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PMID:Survey of effects of variety and growing location of cotton on cardroom dust composition. 87 Nov 3

Pregnant rats were treated with 44, 88 and 176 Medical Research Council munits of thyrocalcitonin (TCT) twice daily during days 10 to 21 of gestation. Nonpregnant rats received the same treatment for 12 days. Administration of TCT to the pregnant rats increased the ash and calcium content of fetal bones and decreased the phosphorus content. The diaphyses were short and contained many persisting enchondral trabeculae and a reduced number of osteoclasts. TCT reduced the fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity but elevated the intestinal calcium-binding protein content. In the pregnant and nonpregnant rats, treatment with TCT resulted in hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia, and increased the calcium-binding protein content of the duodenal mucosa. In the fetuses, the calcium-binding protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher in the jejunum and ileum than in the duodenum, and were much higher than the values found in adult animals. Our findings indicate that TCT passes through the rat placenta and affects the fetal skeleton and calcium metabolism directly, resulting primarily in decreased bone resorption.
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PMID:Transplacental effects of thyrocalcitonin on intestinal calcium-binding protein, alkaline phosphatase activity and ossification of long bones in rat fetuses. 93 22

Sham-operated and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats were divided into two pair-fed groups, one on a normal mineral intake (0.5% Ca, 0.3% P), the other on a regimen low in phosphorus (0.5% Ca, 0.03% P). P depletion led to a drop in plasma P and urine P, a rise in plasma Ca and a marked rise in urine Ca, a drop in serum magnesium and a rise in urine Mg. The changes were more pronounced in the PTX animals, but final values were the same in both groups. Parallel bone-seeking isotope (85Sr, 177Lu, 237Np) studies in nonablated animals revealed an increase in the urinary nuclide output and in the urine/tibia ratio in P-deficient animals. Normal and primary bone osteocytes decreased and enlarged osteocytes increased as a result of P deficiency; osteoclasts and osteoblasts also increased. Bone composition showed a drop in ash content and a rise in water, with a light decrease in both Ca and P, and a corresponding rise in hydroxyproline and nitrogen in the P-deficient animals. The results are interpreted to mean that P-deficiency in the young growing rat leads to an increase in bone resorption which occurs also in the absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The fact that final values were similar in the control and PTX P-deficient animals suggests that steady-state regulation can also occur without PTH. Because P-deficiency leads to rapid hypercalcemia and rapid marked hypercalciuria, there may exist a mechanism for phosphate regulation which would then supersede Ca homeostasis. The change in serum and urine Mg levels may reflect a decrease in tubular Ca and Mg reabsorption associated with P-deficiency.
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PMID:Phosphorus deficiency, parathyroid hormone and bone resorption in the growing rat. 95 82

Young male rats were exposed to repeated heliox dives and analyzed for skeletal alterations. Animals were exposed 1, 3, 5, or 7 times to either 1 ATA He-O2 for 12.5 h, or to 5 ATA He-O2 for 4 h and a 8.5 h decompression, or to 5 ATA He-O2 for 4 h and a 1.5 h decompression. In a separate study, 30 rats were exposed 6 times to 5 ATA He-O2 and explosively decompressed. Animals were sacrificed 20 d after the last dive. There were no significant changes in femur wet weight, density, ash weight, length, or mineral content. Plasma calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase remained normal. Eighteen of 30 animals survived the six explosive decompressions; however, there were no significant changes in bone. These results indicate that the number and rate of decompressions used in this study have no lasting effect on bone growth and mineral composition in the rat.
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PMID:Skeletal response of rats to repeated short-term hyperbaric helium-oxygen exposures. 97 Nov 53

In the present work 8 hens taken from each of the 16 experimental groups (90 birds per group) were killed at the end of the trial period (52 weeks). The weight of the organs was determined and bones, the utilizable parts and the residual carcass were analyzed for their crude nutrient content. The experimental birds received rations containing a large proportion of high-protein wheat supplemented with varying levels of lysine. Variations in the lysine supply did not affect the mass of blood, feathers, bones, liver, stomach, heart and ovaries, including ovarian follicles. An analysis of the utilizable parts (flesh, stomach, heart, liver, follicles, fat) for crude nutrients showed that the heavier birds receiving adequate amounts of lysine contained less crude protein and more crude fat than the smaller birds. A positive correlation was found to exist between the crude ash content of these samples (expressed as %) and the levels of lysine supplied during the laying period. All the birds receiving the lysine-deficient ration during the time of rearing or during the laying period contained significantly less crude ash in their bones. Alongside with the crude ash content the phosphorus content of the bones decreased when the birds where fed the diet for laying hens.
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PMID:The substitution of protein feed by lysine-supplemented protein-rich wheat during the raisung and laying periods in hens. 6. Report. The effect of graded lysine supplemented on the crude nutritional content of the carcas of laying hens. 99 13

The biological activity of synthetic 24,25 and 25,26 diOHD3 was studied in vitamin D-deficient rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of small doses of both metabolites (0.125-0.250 mug) upon intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization. Both metabolites were able to increase calcium absorption in rats maintained on a calcium-deficient diet, but failed to do it in rats on a normal calcium diet. Bilateral nephrectomy suppressed this effect. The "bone calcium mobilization" of both derivatives was measured in vitamin D and calcium- or phosphorus-deprived rats after one intravenous dose. When serum calcium was initially low, 24,25 and 25,26 diOHD3 increased serum calcium moderately, but the increment was only significant with 24,25 diOHD3. When serum calcium was normal before the injection, both metabolites decreased serum calcium significantly, and the decrease was greater with 24,25 diOHD3. Intraperitoneal administration of the metabolites for 5 consecutive days produced a significant increase of calcium in serum and bone ash.
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PMID:The biological activity of synthetic 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in vitamin D-deficient rats. 100 Mar 34

Four groups of weanling rats were fed for 2 weeks on a diet sufficient or insufficient in calcium and/or phosphorus. Each group was divided into four subgroups which were offered distilled water supplemented with 0, 50, 75, or 150 ppm fluoride. High levels of fluoride in drinking water inhibited weight gain. This inhibition was less in rats deficient in phosphorus than when normal-phosphorus diets were offered. At a low level, fluoride was without any effect on bone ash, thickness of femoral cortical bone, and mechanical strength, as measured by maximal load, ultimate stress to breaking, and limit of elasticity. Modulus of elasticity was decreased. At higher levels fluoride tended to decrease most of these parameters, except in rats deprived of both calcium and phosphorus. The effect of fluoride was modified by lack of dietary calcium and/or phosphorus and appeared to be weaker in rats deficient in these nutrients. Lack of dietary calcium and/or phosphorus decreased bone strength more than did fluoride content of water and of bone mineral. Concentration of bone ash and thickness of femoral cortical bone were closely correlated with parameters of mechanical strength.
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PMID:The effect of fluoride on bone of rats fed diets deficient in calcium or phosphorus. 100 Mar 46

Two assays were conducted with chicks fed a phosphorus-deficient crystalline amino acid diet from day 8 to 17 posthatching to evaluate the phosphorus availability of purified torula yeast RNA and single-cell protein (Torula yeast). Tibia bone ash of the chicks was the criterion used in both assays, and regression analysis was used to evaluate bone ash as a function of phosphorus intake. A standard curve was established by feeding graded levels of KH2PO4 in each assay. Weight gain, tibia weight and tibia ash all responded to phosphorus supplementation whether provided by KH2PO4, RNA or single-cell protein. Weight of tibia ash provided the best linear fit when evaluated as a function of phosphorus intake. Availability in both assays estimated using the slope-ratio technique wherein milligrams of available phosphorus per gram of RNA or single-cell protein was calculated. In assay 1 the available phosphorus in RNA was found to be 93.2 mg/. In assay 2 the available phorphorus in single-cell protein was found to be 14.1 mg./g.
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PMID:Assessment of the quantity of biologically available phosphorus in yeast RNA and single-cell protein. 101 97


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