Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mash prepared from cassava peels was inoculated with either Sacchromyces cerevisiae or Candida tropicalis and then left to ferment for 7 days. Chemical analysis of the fermented mash showed substantial increase in crude protein content and decrease in carbohydrate content of the mash. The results also revealed slight increases in the ash, fibre and lipid content of the fermented mash. It was further observed that, when the mash was supplemented with inorganic nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulfate or sodium nitrate) before commencement of fermentation, the amount of crude protein formed was almost doubled. This enhanced crude protein production was highest in the mash supplemented with urea. Temperature of 30 degrees C, pH of 5.5 and moisture concentration of 130% were found to be optimum for crude protein formation by the organisms growing on the mash.
 ...
PMID:Utilization of cassava peels as substrate for crude protein formation. 771 17

In order to evaluate the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on bone biomechanical competence, iliac crest biopsies were taken before and after one year of treatment in 12 osteoporotic patients, and before and after five years of treatment in 14 patients. Bone fluoride content had increased significantly after both one and five years of treatment, indicating that the administered fluoride had been ingested. After one year of treatment, no difference was observed in iliac crest trabecular bone ash content. A general trend for decreased bone strength and bone quality was observed, but this was insignificant. After five years of fluoride treatment, an insignificant decrease in iliac crest trabecular bone ash content was observed. A significant reduction of 45% was found in trabecular bone strength (p < 0.05), and an even more pronounced reduction of 58% was found in trabecular bone quality (p < 0.01). The results of this study indicate that long-term administration of sodium fluoride may be detrimental to bone quality, at least as measured in non-loaded iliac crest trabecular bone.
 ...
PMID:[Loss of trabecular bone strength and bone quality after 5 years of fluoride therapy for osteoporosis]. 774 Jun 40

For more than 30 years, sodium fluoride has been a commonly used therapeutic agent for established osteoporosis because of its repeatedly documented anabolic effect on trabecular bone mass. Recent clinical and experimental studies have, however, indicated a possible detrimental effect of fluoride on bone strength. Thus, the efficacy of fluoride therapy remains a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fluoride on both vertebral bone mass and quality in rats. Twenty-nine 3-month-old, female rats were randomized into three groups. One group served as a control group, and the other two groups received fluoridated water at different doses (100 ppm and 150 ppm). The rats were followed for 90 days. Three lumbar vertebrae were obtained from each rat, and changes in bone fluoride content, bone mass and biomechanical competence were assessed. The results revealed a significant increase in bone fluoride content, ash density and trabecular bone volume after fluoride treatment. Directly obtained load values and load corrected for cross-sectional area were constant. Load corrected for ash content, which is a measure of bone quality, decreased significantly after fluoride therapy. It is concluded that the increase in bone mass during fluoride treatment does not translate into an improved bone strength and that the bone quality declines. This investigation thereby supports the hypothesis of a possible negative effect of fluoride on bone quality.
 ...
PMID:Effects of fluoride on rat vertebral body biomechanical competence and bone mass. 774 76

Sodium fluoride has for more than 2 decades been a commonly used therapeutic agent for established osteoporosis because of a repeatedly documented anabolic effect on trabecular bone mass. Recently, however, three controlled trials have failed to demonstrate any therapeutic advantage of NaF over placebo with respect to vertebral fracture rate. Also, there have been several reports of an increased incidence of nonvertebral fractures during fluoride administration. Thus, the efficacy of fluoride therapy remains a controversial issue. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the effect of sodium fluoride (40-60 mg per day), calcium (45 mmol), and vitamin D2 (18,000 IU) on trabecular bone strength, assessed before and after 1 or 5 years of treatment for osteoporosis. Iliac crest biopsies were taken before and after 1 year of treatment in 12 patients, and before and after 5 years of treatment in 14 patients. Measurements were made of biomechanical competence, ash content, and bone fluoride content, and bone strength parameters were normalized for ash content, thereby obtaining a measure of trabecular bone quality. Bone fluoride content was significantly increased after both 1 and 5 years of treatment, indicating that the administered fluoride had been ingested. After 1 year of treatment, no difference was observed in iliac crest trabecular bone ash content. A general trend for decreased bone strength and bone quality was observed, but this was insignificant. After 5 years of fluoride treatment, an insignificant decrease in iliac crest trabecular bone ash content was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Marked decrease in trabecular bone quality after five years of sodium fluoride therapy--assessed by biomechanical testing of iliac crest bone biopsies in osteoporotic patients. 791 77

The underground caudex of the cycad Stangeria eriopus is used extensively by several ethnic groups in South Africa, mainly as an ingredient in magical potions but also as an emetic. An assessment of two main outlets showed that 3410 plants were sold in the month of July 1992; continued usage of this material now threatens the remaining plant populations. A proximate analysis of the caudex material gives high carbohydrate content with only small percentages of fat, protein, fibre and ash. An unusually high content of sodium sulphate may explain the efficacy of Stangeria-containing preparations as an emetic. The phytosterols sitosterol and stigmasterol are present in a 4:1 ratio while the fatty acid component comprises palmitic, oleic, stearic and arachidic acids. Twelve amino acids were identified in the material, including the non-protein amino acids beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and pyroglutamic acid. The candidate neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine could not be detected but cycasin is present at the levels of 0.17% and 0.21% in fresh and dry caudex material, respectively and appears to be accompanied by the related toxin, macrozamin.
 ...
PMID:The magical and medicinal usage of Stangeria eriopus in South Africa. 796 57

An experiment was conducted to determine whether sodium bentonite (NaB) or hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCA) would affect growth performance and tibia mineral concentrations in chicks fed nutrient-deficient diets. Two identical trials were conducted; each using 240 5- to 19-d-old broiler chicks (4 replicates of 5 chicks each) in a completely random design. A factorial arrangement of treatments consisted of four types of nutrient deficiencies [nutritionally complete basal (C), macromineral-deficient (-MM), trace mineral- and vitamin-deficient (-TMV), and crude protein-deficient (-CP)], and three types of additive (none, .5% NaB, and .5% HSCA). The -MM and -TMV diets reduced (P < .01), gain, feed intake, and gain:feed. The -CP diet decreased (P < .01) gain and gain:feed but did not affect (P > .10) feed intake. Sodium bentonite increased feed intake (P < .01) of all diets; resulting in an increase in gain (P < .09). Sodium bentonite increased gain:feed in chicks fed the -MM diet but did not affect gain:feed in chicks fed the C, -TMV, or -CP diets (NaBx-MM interaction, P < .02). The -MM and -TMV diets decreased (P < .01) tibia ash, but the -CP diet increased (P < .01) tibia ash. The -MM diet decreased (P < .01) tibia Ca but increased (P < .01) tibia P. Neither NaB nor HSCA affected percentage of tibia ash, Ca, or P. Tibia Zn and Mn concentrations were increased (P < .01) by the -MM diet and decreased (P < .01) by the -TMV diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effect of sodium bentonite or hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate on growth performance and tibia mineral concentrations in broiler chicks fed nutrient-deficient diets. 807 28

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences incinerates low-level radioactive waste containing 3H, 14C, and 35S as a means of volume reduction. The primary isotope remaining in the ash is 35S. Some effects of the chemical and physical form of the waste on sulfur retention in ash and several methods for determining the activity remaining in the ash have been explored. It was found that the sulfur in sodium sulfate has a higher retention in ash than the sulfur in methionine and that the presence of glass appears to enhance the retention. Liquid scintillation and proportional counting methods were compared. A sulfur extraction procedure using liquid scintillation counting was found to give the lowest minimum detectable activity. However, it was determined that a more practical method for routine monitoring is to suspend a small quantity of ash in a liquid scintillation gel.
 ...
PMID:Monitoring of 35S in ash of incinerated waste. 822 97

Two experiments were conducted to assess the interactive effects of dietary sodium zeolite A (SZA) and experimental Eimeria acervulina infection on growth and tissue mineral concentrations in chicks. The average initial weight of the chicks was 71.8 g, and the experimental periods were from 5 to 15 days posthatching. In both experiments, the corn-soybean meal basal diet was supplemented with 0 or .75% SZA and fed to uninfected chicks or to chicks infected with 4 x 10(5) sporulated E. acervulina oocysts on Days 0, 3, and 6 of the experiments. Both coccidial infection and SZA reduced (P < .05) gain and feed intake; however, feed efficiency was reduced (P < .01) only in the coccidiosis-infected chicks. Neither SZA nor the coccidial infection affected (P > .10) plasma Ca or P, tibia P, liver Ca, Zn, Fe, or Mn, or pancreas Cu. Sodium zeolite A increased (P < .05) plasma Zn but only in uninfected chicks (SZA by coccidiosis, P < .10). The coccidial infection decreased (P < .02) tibia ash percentage. Sodium zeolite A decreased tibia Ca in uninfected chicks but increased tibia Ca in coccidiosis-infected chicks (SZA by coccidiosis, P < .10). The coccidial infection increased (P < .05) tibia Mg, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Al concentrations. Dietary SZA also increased (P < .02) tibia Zn, Mn, and Al concentrations. The coccidial infection decreased (P < .02) tibia Zn concentration, and SZA decreased (P < .05) tibia Mg and Fe. Sodium zeolite A by coccidiosis interactions (P < .10) were evident in tibia Zn, Fe, Mn, and Al concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Research note: interactive effects of sodium zeolite A and Eimeria acervulina infection on growth and tissue minerals in chicks. 826 3

The study was aimed at investigating the nutrient and tannin composition of fermented legume seeds (oil bean, castor oil bean and African locust bean) used as food condiments in Nigeria. The legume seeds were purchased from local retailers, cleaned and subjected to varied fermentation periods. Standard assay techniques were adopted to analyze the parameters selected for use. The 4-day fermentation period caused the highest increases in protein and tannin and decreases in ash, lipids and non-protein nitrogen (NPN). The pulp of African locust bean had more protein an ash and the oil bean seeds less lipids and NPN. Fermentation times had varied effects on mineral levels. Fermentation for 4 d increased zinc, sodium and phosphorus except sodium for the African locust bean. The pulp had lower Zn and phosphorus than the seed. Fermentation for 4 d offers a greater advantage over other periods for production of nutritious and cheap food condiments in Nigeria.
 ...
PMID:Production and chemical evaluation of some food condiments of Nigeria. 829 64

Two experiments were conducted with chicks from 5 to 15 days posthatching to study the effect of sodium zeolite A (SZA) on Zn utilization. The corn-soybean meal basal diet was supplemented with ZnCO3 to provide three levels of dietary Zn (35, 40, and 85 ppm) in Experiment 1, and two levels of dietary Zn (85 and 4,000 ppm) in Experiment 2. Experimental diets also contained either 0 or .75% SZA, resulting in a 3 x 2 and a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The tendency for increased growth, feed intake, and hematocrit in chicks fed Zn-supplemented diets in Experiment 1 suggests that the 35-ppm level of Zn in the basal diet was marginal for chicks. Both supplemental Zn and SZA increased (P < .02) hematocrit and plasma, pancreas, and tibia Zn and decreased (P < .02) tibia Cu. Sodium zeolite A increased (SZA by Zn, P < .03) tibia Al and tended to increase (SZA by Zn, P < .09) liver Fe in chicks fed either 35 or 85 ppm Zn, but SZA had no effect on tibia Al and liver Fe in chicks fed 40 ppm Zn. In Experiment 2, both SZA and excess dietary Zn decreased gain, feed intake, gain: feed, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and increased tibia, liver, and pancreas Zn, and tibia Al. In addition, excess Zn increased (P < .05) plasma Zn and liver Al but decreased (P < .01) plasma, liver, and pancreas Cu and percentage of tibia ash. The addition of SZA enhanced the adverse effects of excess Zn by further decreasing feed intake, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma AP and Cu and by increasing tibia Al and liver Zn. Sodium zeolite A increased pancreas (P < .09) and tibia (P < .03) Zn regardless of dietary Zn concentration; however, SZA increased plasma Zn only in chicks fed 85 ppm Zn (SZA by Zn, P < .03). Sodium zeolite A tended to improve Zn utilization in chicks fed inadequate Zn but exacerbated the adverse effects of feeding excess Zn. The addition of SZA to the diet of chicks fed inadequate, adequate, or toxic levels of Zn resulted in increased tissue Zn concentration.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dietary sodium zeolite A on zinc utilization by chicks. 838 15


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10