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 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The analysis of uteroferrin's iron content by an acid-release method used in previous studies shows a critical dependence on phosphate, i.e. the native phosphate-free enzyme yields two irons/molecule, while enzyme with one tightly bound phosphate gives closer to one iron. In contrast, two irons/molecule of protein are found in samples assayed by a wet ash method. When iron assays are carried out on samples of purple two-iron protein reductively stripped of their phosphate, both methods again yield two iron atoms/molecule. However, the discrepancy between the two methods recurs when phosphate is added to samples of pink protein which were formerly free of phosphate. These results suggest that phosphate bound to native uteroferrin may have interfered with iron determinations in some earlier studies. Furthermore, enzyme samples with one tightly bound phosphate have the optical purity index (i.e.A280/A545 approximately less than 14.0) and extinction coefficient at 280 nm, characteristic of putative one-iron preparations. There is little doubt, therefore, that previous EPR, magnetic susceptibility, and iron titration experiments thought to have been carried out on genuine one-iron preparations were in fact done on samples of two-iron protein bearing a single tightly bound phosphate. Reassessment of earlier studies indicates that the properties of putative one-iron preparations may be reconciled with those of the two-iron phosphate-laden protein studied here.
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PMID:Stoichiometry of iron binding by uteroferrin and its relationship to phosphate content. 669 56

In this paper the methodology of the quantitative determination of the iron in serum, urine and tissue is described. For the quantitative recognition of the iron in the serum the photometric determination with bathophenanthroline as well as the atomic absorption spectrophotometry may be used. The atomic absorption spectrophotometry may be used. The atomic absorption spectrophotometry is particularly suited for the measurement of the iron content in the urine. Tissue is disintegrated by wet ash formation and also determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
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PMID:[Method of quantitative iron determination in the serum, urine and tissue]. 673 May 92

Beaton et al (Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:2546-59) reported on the partitioning of variance in 1-day dietary data for the intake of energy, protein, total carbohydrate, total fat, classes of fatty acids, cholesterol, and alcohol. Using the same food intake data and the expanded National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute food composition data base, these analyses of sources of variance have been expanded to include classes of carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, total ash, caffeine, and crude fiber. The analyses relate to observed intakes (replicated six times) of 30 adult males and 30 adult females obtained under a paired Graeco-Latin square design with sequence of interview, interviewer, and day of the week as determinants. Neither sequence nor interviewer made consistent contribution to variance. In females, day of the week had a significant effect for several nutrients. The major partitioning of variance was between interindividual variation (between subjects) and intraindividual variation (within subjects) which included both true day-to-day variation in intake and methodological variation. For all except caffeine, the intraindividual variability of 1-day data was larger than the interindividual variability. For vitamin A, almost all of the variance was associated with day-to-day variability. One day data provide a very inadequate estimate of usual intake of individuals. In the design of nutrition studies it is critical that the intended use of dietary data be a major consideration in deciding on methodology. There is no "ideal" dietary method. There may be preferred methods for particular purposes.
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PMID:Source of variance in 24-hour dietary recall data: implications for nutrition study design and interpretation. Carbohydrate sources, vitamins, and minerals. 684 42

Tipula iridescent virus (TIV) is a relatively large particle containing about 15% DNA. As shown elsewhere by X-ray microanalysis (Thomas RS, Corlett M: J Histochem Cytochem 29:394, 1981), low-temperature oxygen plasma microincineration of the virus produces a stable phosphorus oxide ash representing this DNA nearly quantitatively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of entire particles after plasma incineration shows the ash confined to the viral cores, confirming the previously known general location of the nucleic acid. Examination of ultrathin-sectioned virus crystals after plasma etching or ashing shows, on a still finer scale, that the DNA is probably confined to a shell structure within the core. A fine trace of ash from the capsid, seen in some preparations, may represent a phospholipid internal membrane known to be present. The possibilities of ash pattern artifacts are discussed. Heating experiments show that the ash patterns (and native virus particles) evaporate completely at high temperature, consistent with their presumed polyphosphoric acid composition. A heat-stable ash could be formed, however, when the viral DNA became accidentally stained with iron from the steel TEM grids used--a noteworthy artifact. The present work suggests some future possibilities of the plasma microincineration technique. In particular, the ability to see directly the fine distribution of mineral concentrations in ash patterns with the full resolution of TEM should be a powerful adjunct to increase effectively the sensitivity and resolution of X-ray microanalysis of mineral constituents in biological specimens.
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PMID:Localization of DNA phosphorus in Tipula iridescent virus by oxygen plasma microincineration. I. Electron microscopy of ash structures. 724 Jul 20

1. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of mean initial weight 15 g were given either a low-manganese or control diet containing 1.3 and 33 mg Mn/kg dry diet respectively. 2. Weight gains over a 24-week feeding period were the same for both groups of trout. 3. Hepatosomatic index, blood packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration, plasma protein and the activities of aspartic aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) were unaffected by dietary Mn intake. 4. Plasma potassium and iron levels were increased in the trout given the low-Mn diet. 5. The hepatic levels of magnesium, sodium, K, zinc, copper, Mn and phosphorus were significantly reduced in the fish given the low-Mn diet. 6. In those trout given the low-Mn diet the levels of Mn and calcium in the vertebral ash were significantly reduced. 7. The hepatic activity of Cu-Zu superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; Cu-ZnSOD) and of Mn superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1; MnSOD) in cardiac muscle and liver was reduced in the group of trout given the low-Mn diet. The fall in Cu-ZnSOD and MnSOD activities coincided with reduced tissue levels of their respective metal components.
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PMID:The effect of low dietary manganese intake on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 731 45

Distribution of inorganic elements was measured in poultry house dust from five types of poultry houses during either winter, spring, or summer. With varied environmental conditions at the time of sampling, the levels of calcium, sodium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and aluminum were higher than the other elements found in dust samples from the five types of poultry houses. The most abundant element in poultry house dust was calcium. The level of this element samples from the mechanically ventilated house used for research purposes corresponded closely to the level found in the feed fed at sampling time. High zinc levels in layer houses may be attributed to either the abrasive actions of feathers and feet of layers against the galvanized wire cages on the high zinc content in feathers. The ash content of dust from the five types of poultry houses ranged from .31 to 3.54%. Air particulate counts for particles ranging in size from .5 to 10 micro meter were much higher in the layer house used for commercial purposes (ranged from 34.9 to 66.3 X 10(6) /m3) than in the layer houses used for research purposes (ranged from 5.8 to 9.8 X 10(6)/m3) than the level during summer (66.3 X 10(6)/m3). The commercial broiler house was dustier than the commercial layer house during the summer.
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PMID:Distribution of inorganic elements of poultry house dust. 732 66

The chemical composition of five samples of Iraqi mung beans chosen from different geographical regions were investigated as well as their amino acid contents. The results indicated that all the samples were good sources of protein, carbohydrates and minerals. They contained 24.95-28.04% protein, 64,15-66.32% carbohydrates, 0.86-0.96% crude fat, 3.37-4.05% ash and 4.13-5.01% crude fibre. The amounts of phosphorus, calcium and iron were within the ranges; 381-528, 128-143 and 5.14-5.76 milligrams per 100 grams of flour, respectively (all results on a dry weight basis). Further, all samples were rich in most essential amino acids, especially lysine (5.85-8.24 grams per 100 grams of protein) but they were deficient in methionine (0.96-1.48 gram per 100 grams of protein).
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PMID:Chemical and amino acid composition of Iraqi mung beans. 744 57

Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of thin sections and metal-shadowed specimens showed that the sheath of Leptothrix discophora SP-6 (ATCC 51168) is a tube-like extracellular polymeric structure consisting of a condensed fabric of 6.5-nm-diameter fibrils underlying a more diffuse outer capsular layer. In thin sections, outer membrane bridges seen to contact the inner sheath layer suggested that the sheath fabric was attached to the outer layer of the gram-negative cell wall. The capsular polymers showed an affinity for cationic colloidal iron and polycationic ferritin, indicating that they carry a negative charge. Cell-free sheaths were isolated by treatment with a mixture of lysozyme, EDTA, and N-lauroylsarcosine (Sarkosyl) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Both Sarkosyl- and SDS-isolated sheaths were indistinguishable in microscopic appearance. However, the Mn-oxidizing activity of Sarkosyl-isolated sheaths was more stable than that of SDS-isolated sheaths. The Sarkosyl-isolated sheaths also contained more 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid and more outer membrane protein than SDS-isolated sheaths. The oven-dried mass of detergent-isolated sheaths represented approximately 9% of the total oven-dried biomass of SP-6 cultures; the oven-dried sheaths contained 38% C, 6.9% N, 6% H, and 2.1% S and approximately 34 to 35% carbohydrate (polysaccharide), 23 to 25% protein, 8% lipid, and 4% inorganic ash. Gas-liquid chromatography showed that the polysaccharide was an approximately 1:1 mixture of uronic acids (glucuronic, galacturonic, and mannuronic acids and at least one other unidentified uronic acid) and an amino sugar (galactosamine). Neutral sugars were not detected. Amino acid analysis showed that sheath proteins were enriched in cysteine (6 mol%). The cysteine residues in the sheath proteins probably provide sulfhydryls for disulfide bonds that play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the sheath (D. Emerson and W.C. Ghiorse, J. Bacteriol. 175:7819-7827, 1993).
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PMID:Ultrastructure and chemical composition of the sheath of Leptothrix discophora SP-6. 750 63

Two germplasms of the tribal pulse, Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. viz., Ayyanarkoil Forest and Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary, were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) seed proteins, seed protein fractions, amino acid composition, fatty acids, minerals and antinutritional factors. Crude proteins, crude lipids, ash and nitrogen free extractives constituted 19.84%, 9.52%, 3.31% and 60.65%, respectively in Ayyanarkoil Forest germplasm; whereas, in Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary germplasm they constituted 19.31%, 8.94%, 3.81% and 61.30%, respectively. The caloric values were found to be 407.64 KCal (Ayyanarkoil Forest) and 402.90 KCal (Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary) germplasms. Essential amino acids like isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and lysine were found to be high in the seed proteins of both the germplasms. The fatty acids, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, were found to be relatively higher in the seed lipids of both the germplasms. Both the germplasms seemed to be a rich source of calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, manganese and iron. Antinutritional substances like total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA and phytohaemagglutinating activity also were investigated.
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PMID:Chemical and nutritional evaluation of two germplasms of the tribal pulse, Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. 771 20

Locally available cereals and pulses such as rice (Oryza sativa), kangini (Setaria italica), sanwak (Echinochloa frumentacea), green gram (Vigna radiata) and jaggery were used to formulate three weaning foods. Cereal, pulse and jaggery were mixed in the ratio of 70:30:25. Roasting was the main processing technique used in the formulation of these weaning foods. The developed weaning foods had 5.06 to 5.68 g moisture, 10.28 to 13.71 g protein, 2.91 to 3.77 g ash, 1.08 to 1.87 g fat, 14.42 to 14.98 mg iron, 1.03 to 1.27 g crude fibre, and 357 to 374 Kcal. The weaning foods had a nutrient composition within the range prescribed by the Indian Standard Institute for processed weaning foods. The study indicated that the weaning foods obtained from locally available food stuffs have the potential of being produced locally, adaptable for household consumption and can be good substitute for commercial formulae.
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PMID:Protein quality of weaning foods based on locally available cereal and pulse combination. 785 96


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